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and context 2 relationship with the quran toggle relationship with the quran subsection 2 1 self referentiality 2 2 literary allusions 2 3 comparative legal framework 3 exegesis 4 references toggle the table of contents torah in islam 26 languages አማርኛ العربية башҡортса বাংলা нохчийн deutsch فارسی français ગુજરાતી hausa bahasa indonesia kumoring malagasy മലയാളം bahasa melayu nederlands norsk bokmål русский simple english shqip தமிழ் тоҷикӣ ไทย українська اردو 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia part of a series on musa revelations ten commandments tawrat ṣuḥuf mūsā family asiya harun shuaib miracles golden calf dividing the sea related articles ashura jabal musa moses ulu l azm prophets islam portal v t e part of a series on islam beliefs oneness of god angels holy books prophets judgement day barzakh predestination resurrection heaven hell practices profession of faith prayer almsgiving fasting pilgrimage texts foundations quran sunnah hadith hadith qudsi sirah tafsir exegesis ijtihad aqidah creed qisas al anbiya stories of the prophets mathnawi poems fiqh jurisprudence sharia law history timeline jahiliyyah muhammad ahl al bayt early muslims salaf companions second generation third generation succession to muhammad rashidun caliphate imamate spread of islam shia sunni relations culture and society academics animals art association football calendar cats censorship children circumcision democracy demographics diaspora denominations sunni shia ibadi economics education ethics exorcism feminism finance friday prayer halal holidays liberalism madrasa moral teachings mosque multiculturalism music mysticism philosophy poetry politics proselytizing science sexuality lgbtq slavery concubinage social welfare women related topics arabic apostasy criticism muhammad quran hadith golden age other religions islamism islamophobia jihad jihadism salafi jihadism deobandi jihadism military laws peace pacifism symbols muslims glossary index outline islam portal v t e a torah scroll in an opened case at the north carolina museum of art 2019 in islam theology the torah or tawrat arabic التَّوْرَاة romanized at tawrāh tæwˈrɑː is recognized as a sacred scriptural revelation bestowed by god upon moses on mount sinai to govern and guide the children of israel the tawrat is considered an essential article of faith in islam etymology and context edit the arabic term tawrah tawrāh is akin to the hebrew torah meaning instruction teaching or law 1 academic analysis of islamic literature places the term tawrat in three distinct contexts divine scripture revealed specifically to moses 1 broader canonical scripture utilized by prophets priests and rabbis 2 broadly refers to the entire jewish canon as encountered by muslim scholars in translation or polemical debates 1 islamic tradition distinguishes between the torah and scrolls of moses however some view them as synonymous 2 relationship with the quran edit in islam theology the torah is recognized as a sacred scriptural revelation bestowed by god upon moses on mount sinai to govern and guide the children of israel 1 2 the analysis of the relationship between the quran and the torah is conducted through intertextuality literary dependence and late antique scriptural reception instead of historical sequencing 3 the quran does not merely retell the stories from the torah but interpretation of the torah s legal and narrative themes 4 within the quran the text references the torah and the gospel injil establishing its own authority alongside the other scriptures 5 self referentiality edit academic analysis highlights how the quran selectively affirms certain components of mosaic law as well as relaxing others such as dietary laws these adjustments may appear as corrections to israelite practices rather than a contradiction of god s original law 6 literary allusions edit the quran rarely quotes the torah verbatim instead it uses allusions typological figures and summaries to contextualize its own messages while indirectly referencing other texts 3 comparative legal framework edit quranic framework of the torah acknowledges the tawrat primarily as the legal code designed for community governance ahkam 1 the quran references legal statutes present in the torah with the addition of a distinct theological principle of divine mercy repentance and spiritual mitigation over strict judicial exactness 2 exegesis edit see also tafsir early and medieval muslim scholars regularly made use of the jewish traditions and biblical passages in exegesis tafsir 1 in the medieval period the islamic methodology of tafsir al qur an bi l kitab arabic تفسير القرآن بالكتاب interpreting the qur an through the bible was developed by muslim scholars 7 this approach adopts canonical arabic versions of the bible including the tawrat and the injil both to illuminate and to add exegetical depth to the reading of the qur an 8 during the early centuries of islam traditionalists incorporated narrative material from jewish converts and local jewish communities known as isra iliyyat to elaborate on the prophetic stories in commentaries 2 notable muslim commentators of the bible and qur an who weaved biblical texts together with qur anic ones include abu al hakam abd al salam ibn al ishbili of al andalus and ibrahim ibn umar ibn hasan al biqa i 8 references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 adang camilla patricia wilhelmina maria 1996 muslim writers on judaism and the hebrew bible from ibn rabban to ibn hazm islamic philosophy theology and science leiden new york köln e j brill isbn 978 90 04 10034 3 1 2 3 4 5 ayoub mahmoud 1992 the quran and its interpreters new york state university of new york press cite book cs1 maint date and year link 1 2 reynolds gabriel said 2010 the qur an and its biblical subtext routledge studies in the qur an london routledge isbn 978 0 415 77893 0 madigan daniel a 2001 the qur an s self image writing and authority in islam s scripture thesis princeton n j princeton university press isbn 0691059500 wild stefan 2006 self referentiality in the qurʾān diskurse der arabistik wiesbaden harrassowitz isbn 978 3 447 05383 9 latsarus yafeh ḥaṿah 2014 intertwined worlds medieval islam and bible criticism princeton legacy library princeton princeton university press isbn 978 0 691 60705 4 biqāʿī ibrāhīm ibn ʿumar al saleh walid a 2008 in defense of the bible a critical edition and an introduction to al biqāʻī s bible treatise islamic history and civilization leiden brill isbn 978 90 04 16857 2 1 2 mccoy r michael 2021 09 08 interpreting the qurʾān with the bible tafsīr al qurʾān bi l kitāb brill isbn 978 90 04 46682 1 v t e characters and names mentioned in the quran characters allāh the god names of allah found in the quran such as karīm generous malāʾikah angels angels of hell mālik zabāniyah bearers of the throne harut and marut jundallah kirāman kātibīn honourable scribes raqib atid muqarrabun jibrīl gabriel chief ar rūḥ the spirit ar rūḥ al amīn the trustworthy spirit ar rūḥ al qudus the holy spirit angel of the trumpet isrāfīl or raphael malakul mawt angel of death azrael mīkāil michael prophets ādam adam al yasa ʿ elisha ayyūb job dāwūd david dhū l kifl ezekiel hārūn aaron hūd eber idrīs enoch ilyās elijah ʿimrān joachim the father of maryam isḥāq isaac ismāʿīl ishmael dhabih ullah lūṭ lot ṣāliḥ shuʿayb jethro reuel or hobab sulaymān ibn dāwūd solomon son of david yaḥyā ibn zakariyyā john the baptist the son of zechariah yaʿqūb jacob isrāʾīl israel yūnus jonah dhū n nūn he of the fish or whale or owner of the fish or whale ṣāḥib al ḥūt companion of the whale yūsuf ibn yaʿqūb joseph son of jacob zakariyyā zechariah ulul ʿazm those of the perseverance and strong will muḥammad aḥmad other names and titles of muhammad ʿīsā jesus al masīḥ the messiah ibn maryam son of mary mūsā kalīmullāh moses he who spoke to god ibrāhīm khalīlullāh abraham friend of god nūḥ noah debatable ones ʿuzayr ezra dhū l qarnayn luqmān maryam mary ṭālūt saul or gideon implied irmiyā jeremiah ṣamūʾīl samuel yūshaʿ ibn nūn joshua companion and successor of moses people of prophets good ones adam s immediate relatives martyred son wife believer of ya sin family of noah father lamech mother shamkhah bint anush or betenos luqman s son people of abraham mother abiona or amtelai the daughter of karnebo ishmael s mother isaac s mother people of jesus disciples including peter mary s mother zechariah s wife people of solomon mother queen of sheba vizier zayd muhammad s adopted son people of joseph brothers including binyāmin benjamin and simeon egyptians ʿazīz potiphar qatafir or qittin malik king ar rayyān ibn al walīd wife of ʿazīz zulaykhah mother people of aaron and moses egyptians believer hizbil or hizqil ibn sabura imraʾat firʿawn āsiyá bint muzāḥim the wife of pharaoh who adopted moses magicians of the pharaoh wise pious man moses wife moses sister in law mother sister evil ones āzar possibly terah firʿawn pharaoh of moses time hāmān jālūt goliath qārūn korah cousin of moses as sāmirī abū lahab slayers of ṣāliḥ s she camel qaddar ibn salif and musda ibn dahr implied or not specified abraha abu bakr bal am balaam barṣīṣā caleb or kaleb the companion of joshua luqman s son nebuchadnezzar ii nimrod rahmah the wife of ayyub shaddad animals related the baqara cow of israelites the dhiʾb wolf that jacob feared could attack joseph the fīl elephant of the abyssinians ḥimār domesticated donkey the hud hud hoopoe of solomon the kalb dog of the sleepers of the cave the namlah female ant of solomon the nūn fish or whale of jonah the nāqat she camel of ṣāliḥ non related ʿankabūt female spider dābbat al arḍ beast of the earth ḥimār wild ass naḥl honey bee qaswarah lion beast of prey or hunter spirits jinn genies jann ʿifrīt sakhr asmodeus qarīn shayāṭīn demons iblīs ash shayṭān the chief devil mārid rebellious one others ghilmān or wildān ḥūr groups mentioned aṣḥāb al jannah people of paradise people of the burnt garden aṣḥāb as sabt companions of the sabbath jesus apostles ḥawāriyyūn disciples of jesus companions of noah s ark aṣḥāb al kahf war raqīm companions of the cave and al raqaim companions of the elephant people of al ukhdūd people of a township in surah ya sin people of yathrib or medina qawm lūṭ people of sodom and gomorrah nation of noah tribes ethnicities or families ajam ar rūm literally the romans banī isrāʾīl children of israel muʾtafikāt sodom and gomorrah people of ibrahim people of ilyas people of nuh people of shuaib ahl madyan people of madyan aṣḥāb al aykah companions of the wood qawm yūnus people of jonah ya juj and ma juj gog and magog people of fir aun current ummah of islam ummah of muhammad aṣḥāb muḥammad companions of muhammad anṣār literally helpers muhajirun emigrants from mecca to medina people of mecca wife of abu lahab children of ayyub sons of adam wife of nuh wife of lut yaʾjūj wa maʾjūj gog and magog son of nuh aʿrāb arabs or bedouins ʿād people of hud companions of the rass qawm tubbaʿ people of tubba people of sabaʾ or sheba quraysh thamūd people of ṣāliḥ aṣḥāb al ḥijr companions of the stoneland ahl al bayt people of the household household of abraham brothers of yūsuf lot s daughters progeny of imran household of moses household of muhammad ibn abdullah ibn abdul muttalib ibn hashim daughters of muhammad muhammad s wives household of salih implicitly mentioned amalek ahl as suffa people of the verandah banu nadir banu qaynuqa banu qurayza iranian people umayyad dynasty aus and khazraj people of quba religious groups ahl al dhimmah kāfirūn disbelievers majūs zoroastrians munāfiqūn hypocrites muslims believers ahl al kitāb people of the book naṣārā christian s or people of the injil ruhban christian monks qissis christian priest yahūd jews ahbār jewish scholars rabbani rabbi sabians polytheists meccan polytheists at the time of muhammad mesopotamian polytheists at the time of abraham and lot locations mentioned al arḍ al muqaddasah the holy land blessed land al jannah paradise literally the garden jahannam hell door of hittah madyan midian majmaʿ al baḥrayn miṣr mainland egypt salsabīl a river in paradise in the arabian peninsula excluding madyan al aḥqāf the sandy plains or the wind curved sand hills iram dhāt al ʿimād iram of the pillars al madīnah formerly yathrib ʿarafāt and al mashʿar al ḥarām muzdalifah al ḥijr hegra badr ḥunayn makkah mecca bakkah ḥaraman āminan sanctuary which is secure kaʿbah kaaba maqām ibrāhīm station of abraham safa and marwa sabaʾ sheba ʿarim sabaʾ dam of sheba rass sinai region or tīh desert al wād al muqaddas ṭuwan the holy valley of tuwa al wādil ayman the valley on the righthand side of the valley of tuwa and mount sinai al buqʿah al mubārakah the blessed place mount sinai or mount tabor in mesopotamia al jūdiyy munzalanm mubārakan place of landing blessed bābil babylon qaryat yūnus township of jonah that is nineveh religious locations bayʿa church miḥrāb monastery masjid mosque literally place of prostration al mashʿar al ḥarām the sacred grove al masjid al aqṣā al aqsa literally the farthest place of prostration al masjid al ḥarām the sacred mosque of mecca masjid al dirar a mosque in the area of medina possibly masjid qubāʾ quba mosque the prophet s mosque salat synagogue implied antioch antakya arabia al ḥijāz literally the barrier al ḥajar al aswad black stone al hijr of isma il cave of hira ghār ath thawr cave of the bull hudaybiyyah ta if ayla barrier of dhu l qarnayn bayt al muqaddas ariha bilād ar rāfidayn mesopotamia canaan cave of seven sleepers dār an nadwa jordan river nile river palestine river paradise of shaddad events incidents occasions or times incident of ifk laylat al qadr night of decree event of mubahala sayl al ʿarim flood of the great dam of ma rib in sheba the farewell pilgrimage treaty of hudaybiyyah battles or military expeditions battle of al aḥzāb the confederates battle of badr battle of hunayn battle of khaybar battle of uhud expedition of tabuk conquest of mecca days al jumuʿah the friday as sabt the sabbath or saturday days of battles days of hajj doomsday months of the islamic calendar 12 months ash shahr al ḥarām the sacred or forbidden months dhu l qa da dhu l hijja muharram rajab ramadan pilgrimages al ḥajj literally the pilgrimage the greater pilgrimage al ʿ umrah the lesser pilgrimage times for prayer or remembrance times for duʿāʾ invocation ṣalāh and dhikr remembrance including taḥmīd praising takbīr and tasbīḥ al ʿashiyy the afternoon or the night al ghuduww the mornings al bukrah the morning aṣ ṣabāḥ the morning al layl the night al ʿishāʾ the late night aẓ ẓuhr the noo...