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totalitarian democracy wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 etymology 2 definition 3 differences with liberal democracy 4 historical development 5 further interpretations 6 see also 7 notes toggle the table of contents totalitarian democracy 20 languages العربية čeština deutsch español eesti français עברית bahasa indonesia italiano ქართული 한국어 latviešu polski português русский ไทย türkçe українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia dictatorship based on the mass enthusiasm generated by a perfectionist ideology part of the politics series basic forms of government list of forms list of countries source of power democracy rule by many demarchy direct economic guided liberal representative social socialist others oligarchy rule by few anocracy aristocracy broligarchy corporatocracy gerontocracy imagocracy kleptocracy kritarchy matriarchy meritocracy particracy patriarchy plutocracy stratocracy technocracy theocracy autocracy rule by one autocratic legalism despotism dictatorship military tyranny anarchy rule by none anarchism free association stateless power ideology monarchy republic socio political ideologies absolute communist constitutional directorial legalist presidential parliamentary semi parliamentary semi presidential authoritarian libertarian socio economic ideologies anarchism colonialism communism despotism distributism fascism feudalism islamism socialism totalitarianism inverted tribalism religious secular state religion secular state separation of church and state state atheism global local geo cultural ideologies city state intergovernmental organisation national government world government nationalism internationalism globalism power structure unitarism unitary state empire principality branches unified state power fusion of powers separation of powers client state associated state dependent territory dominion protectorate puppet state puppet monarch satellite state self governing colony tributary state buffer state vassal state viceroyalty federalism confederation devolution federation superstate supranational union international relations small power middle power regional power emerging power great power superpower related administrative division centralized government democratic backsliding democracy indices democratic transition democratisation politics portal v t e part of a series on politics outline index category primary topics outline of political science index of politics articles politics by country politics by subdivision political economy political history political history of the world political philosophy systems anarchy city state collective leadership confessional democracy dictatorship directorial federacy feudalism hybrid regime meritocracy monarchy parliamentary presidential republic semi parliamentary semi presidential theocracy academic disciplines political science political scientists international relations theory comparative politics election science political analysis political theory policy studies political psychology political sociology public administration bureaucracy street level technocracy adhocracy service public civil policy public policy doctrine domestic policy foreign policy civil society public interest government branches separation of powers legislature executive judiciary election commission related topics sovereignty polity state country biology and political orientation critique of political economy political censorship political organisations theories of political behavior subseries electoral systems elections voting unitarism federalism government forms governance ideology culture political campaigning political parties politics portal v t e part of the politics series democracy history theory measuring indices rankings types anticipatory athenian cellular consensus conservative cosmopolitan defensive deliberative direct economic electronic empowered ethnic grassroots guided hybrid regime illiberal inclusive industrial jacksonian jeffersonian liberal liquid majoritarian media monitory multiparty non partisan oral participatory pluralist popular procedural radical representative religious buddhist christian islamic jewish mormon sectarian semi social socialist sociocracy sovereign soviet substantive supermajority totalitarian whole process people s workplace methods campaign consultation demonstration election by election direct indirect primary recall snap systems legislature opinion poll parliament petition popular assembly participatory budgeting referendum deliberative initiative popular war sortition citizens assembly jury voting region africa asia europe americas middle east and north africa related topics anarchism anti authoritarianism criticism of democracy democracy and economic growth democracy promotion democracy dictatorship index democratic backsliding democratic capitalism democratic centralism democratic confederalism democratic consolidation democratic deficit democratic peace theory democratic republic democratic resilience democratic socialism democratic transition democratization electoral competition international day of democracy kleroterion liberalism libertarianism majoritarianism majority rule median voter theorem motion ochlocracy nomination rules peaceful transition of power political equality polyarchy populism post democracy proportional representation right to petition right to protest right to candidacy right to vote territorial peace theory tyranny of the majority waves of democracy third wave of autocracy wisdom of the crowd politics portal v t e totalitarian democracy is a dictatorship based on the mass enthusiasm generated by a perfectionist ideology 1 the conflict between the state and the individual should not exist in a totalitarian democracy and in the event of such a conflict the state has the moral duty to coerce the individual to obey 2 this idea that there is one true way for a society to be organized and a government should get there at all costs stands in contrast to liberal democracy which trusts the process of democracy to through trial and error help a society improve without there being only one correct way to self govern 3 etymology edit the term was popularized by israeli historian jacob leib talmon 1 it had previously been used by bertrand de jouvenel 4 and e h carr 5 and subsequently by f william engdahl 6 and sheldon s wolin 7 definition edit in his 1952 book the origins of totalitarian democracy talmon argued that the totalitarian and liberal types of democracy emerged from the same premises during the eighteenth century he regarded the conflict between these two types of democracy as of world historical importance indeed from the vantage point of the mid twentieth century the history of the last hundred and fifty years looks like a systematic preparation for the headlong collision between empirical and liberal democracy on the one hand and totalitarian messianic democracy on the other in which the world crisis of to day consists the political neologism messianic democracy also political messianism 8 also derives from talmon s introduction to this work differences with liberal democracy edit talmon identified the following differences between totalitarian and liberal democracy 3 the totalitarian approach is based on the assumption of a total and exclusive truth in politics it postulates a preordained harmonious and perfect scheme of things to which people are irresistibly driven and at which they are bound to arrive see historical determinism the liberal approach assumes politics to be a matter of trial and error it regards political systems as pragmatic contrivances of human ingenuity and spontaneity the totalitarian approach views politics as an integral part of an all embracing and coherent philosophy it defines politics as the art of applying this philosophy to the organisation of society and the final purpose of politics is only achieved when this philosophy reigns supreme over all fields of life the liberal approach recognises a variety of levels of personal and collective endeavour which are altogether outside the sphere of politics the totalitarian approach recognises only one plane of existence the political it widens the scope of politics to embrace the whole of human existence it treats all human thought and action as having social significance and therefore as falling within the orbit of political action the liberal approach finds the essence of freedom in spontaneity and the absence of coercion the totalitarian approach believes freedom to be only realised in the pursuit and attainment of an absolute collective purpose historical development edit talmon argue that totalitarian democracy arose in three stages 3 intellectual developments in eighteenth century france spurred by the collapse of feudal and ecclesiastical authority in the early modern era the development of single party dictatorship during the reign of terror and the use of terror as a political instrument based on a doctrine of total popular sovereignty the extension of totalitarian logic to property leading to communism further interpretations edit slavoj žižek in his 2002 book of essays welcome to the desert of the real comes to similar conclusions he argues that the war on terror served as a justification for the suspension of civil liberties in the us while the promise of democracy and freedom was spread abroad as the justification for invading iraq and afghanistan since western democracies are always justifying states of exception he argues they are failing as sites of political agency 9 see also edit anti democratic thought authoritarianism autocracy dictatorship of the proletariat guided democracy illiberal democracy inverted totalitarianism outline of democracy people s democratic dictatorship post democracy soft despotism sovereign democracy tyranny of the majority notes edit 1 2 macpherson c b 1952 review of the origins of totalitarian democracy by j l talmon past present 2 55 57 http www jstor org stable 650125 legutko ryszard 26 june 2018 the demon in democracy totalitarian temptations in free societies encounter books p 60 isbn 978 1 59403 992 8 1 2 3 talmon j l the origins of totalitarian democracy britain secker warburg 1968 de juvenel bertrand on power its nature and the history of its growth salt lake city hutchinson 1948 carr edward hallett the soviet impact on the western world new york macmillan company 1947 engdahl f william full spectrum dominance totalitarian democracy in the new world order boxboro ma third millennium press 2009 isbn 978 0 9795608 6 6 wolin sheldon s democracy incorporated managed democracy and the specter of inverted totalitarianism princeton nj princeton university press 2010 j l talmon political messianism the romantic phase 1960 žižek slavoj welcome to the desert of the real london and new york verso 2002 v t e autocracy and authoritarianism forms absolute monarchy autocracy electoral liberal tsarist autocratic legalism communist state counterintelligence state defective democracy delegative democracy dictatorship benevolent civilian constitutional dictablanda grassroots military right wing digital authoritarianism dominant party system guided democracy herrenvolk democracy illiberal democracy totalitarian libertarian mafia state managerial state mediacracy ochlocracy one party state oligarchy police state post democracy theocracy islamic state tyranny majoritarian soft ideologies capitalist fujimorism pinochetism conservative chiangism erdoğanism francoism metaxism putinism despotism enlightened soft digital eco imperialism nationalist fascism nazism kemalism kokkashugi pahlavism religious khomeinism ziaism socialist marxism leninism stalinism maoism deng xiaoping theory xi jinping thought ho chi minh thought juche techno see also anti authoritarianism authoritarian leadership style authoritarian personality democracy dictatorship index democratic backsliding by country third wave of autocratization democracy indices democratic deficit deep state ethnic democracy hybrid regime inverted totalitarianism list of totalitarian states minoritarianism right wing authoritarianism social dominance orientation statism strongman retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title totalitarian_democracy oldid 1373105734 categories historiography philosophy of history totalitarianism dictatorship works about totalitarianism democratic backsliding hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages using sidebar with the child parameter this page was last edited on 4 september 2026 at 02 22 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents totalitarian democracy 20 languages add topic