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trench foot wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 names 2 signs and symptoms 3 causes 4 diagnosis 5 prevention 6 treatment 7 history 8 see also 9 references toggle the table of contents trench foot 29 languages العربية azərbaycanca català deutsch ελληνικά español euskara فارسی suomi français ghanaian pidgin עברית bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 nederlands norsk bokmål ଓଡ଼ିଆ polski português română русский simple english svenska తెలుగు türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia injury to the foot due to poor circulation cold and moisture medical condition trench foot other names immersion foot trench foot as seen on an unidentified soldier during world war i specialty emergency medicine podiatry symptoms tingling itching numbness or pain in feet complications infection causes prolonged exposure of feet in damp environments treatment keeping feet dry surgical debridement trench foot also known by other names is a type of foot damage due to moisture 1 initial symptoms often include tingling or itching which can progress to numbness 1 2 the feet may become red or bluish in color 1 as the condition worsens the feet can start to swell and smell of decay 1 complications may include skin breakdown or infection 1 trench foot occurs through prolonged exposure of the feet to cold damp and often unsanitary conditions 1 unlike frostbite trench foot usually occurs at temperatures above freezing 1 and can be classed as a form of non freezing cold injury 3 onset can be as rapid as 10 hours 1 risk factors include overly tight boots and not moving 4 the underlying mechanism is believed to involve constriction of blood vessels resulting in insufficient blood flow to the feet 1 diagnosis is based on symptoms and examination 1 prevention involves keeping the feet warm dry and clean 1 after the condition has occurred pain medications may be required during the gradual rewarming process 1 pain may persist for months following treatment 4 surgery to remove damaged tissue or amputation may be necessary 1 those in the military are most commonly affected though cases also occur among homeless people 1 the condition was first described during napoleon bonaparte s retreat from russia in the winter of 1812 1 names edit a medical officer conducts a foot inspection in a support trench near roclincourt 9 january 1918 trench foot was an informal name applied to the condition from its prevalence during the trench warfare of world war i 1 health officials at the time used a variety of other terms example needed as they studied the condition but trench foot was eventually formally sanctioned and used 2 informally it was also known as jungle rot during the vietnam war 5 it is also known as immersion foot syndrome 6 and as a nonfreezing cold injury 2 signs and symptoms edit mild case of trench foot trench foot frequently begins with the feeling of tingling and an itch in affected feet and subsequently progresses to numbness or pain 1 2 the feet may become red or blue as a result of poor blood supply 1 later as the condition worsens feet can start to swell and smell of decay as muscle and tissue become macerated the feet often feel warm to the touch 1 7 advanced trench foot often involves blisters and open sores which lead to fungal infections this is sometimes called jungle rot it is marked by severe short term pain when feeling returns 4 causes edit unlike frostbite trench foot does not require freezing temperatures it can occur in temperatures up to 16 c 61 f and within as little as 13 hours exposure to these environmental conditions causes deterioration and destruction of the capillaries and leads to damage of the surrounding flesh 7 excessive sweating hyperhidrosis has long been regarded as a contributory cause unsanitary cold and wet conditions can also cause trench foot 8 diagnosis edit the diagnosis of trench foot does not usually require any investigations unless an underlying infection of bone is suspected when an x ray is performed a full blood count might show a high white blood cell count if infection is present and inflammatory markers such as an erythrocyte sedimentation rate or c reactive protein crp might highlight severity 1 prevention edit trench foot can be prevented by keeping the feet clean warm and dry 1 treatment edit keeping the feet dry is the first line treatment the initial aim is to protect undamaged tissue of the feet and prevent any further destruction of the feet 4 7 applying emollient helps 7 the mainstay of treatment as with gangrene is surgical debridement severe cases may require amputation 1 self treatment consists of changing socks two or three times a day and usage of plenty of talcum powder whenever possible shoes and socks should be taken off the feet bathed for five minutes and patted dry talcum powder applied and feet elevated to let air get to them 1 history edit office of war information wwii trench foot was first reported in 1812 by the french army surgeon dominique jean larrey when napoleon s army was retreating from russia 1 9 it was also a problem for soldiers engaged in trench warfare during world war i particularly during the winters 1 official statistics put the casualty figure for the condition at around 75 000 for the british and 2 000 for the americans 2 amputation was avoided if at all possible and the incidence of trench foot had greatly reduced by the winter of 1917 1918 through improvements to the trenches modification of soldiers footwear and the provision of greases chiefly whale oil 10 to prevent damage from excess moisture 2 it was also discovered that a key preventive measure was regular foot inspections rather than leave each soldier to his own devices they were all paired and each partner made responsible for the feet of the other as a team they were more likely to go to the trouble of actually removing their boots and socks to check for any damage and to begin treatment at an earlier stage of damage 10 trench foot reappeared in the us army during the vietnam war in the 1960s and 1970s 5 and in the british army during the 1982 falklands war 1 11 it has been reported among ukrainian soldiers in 2022 amid the russian invasion of ukraine 12 aside from soldiers the condition has been documented in coal miners 5 homeless people 1 survivors of shipwrecks and plane crashes 7 as well as music festival attendees at glastonbury in 1998 and 2007 13 14 elderly shut ins trapped in their baths 6 and hikers 15 see also edit wikimedia commons has media related to trench foot chilblains trench fever tropical ulcer also known as jungle rot trench mouth a form of dental gingivitis references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 bush jeffrey s lofgran trevor watson simon 2020 trench foot statpearls publishing pmid 29493986 1 2 3 4 5 6 atenstaedt robert l 1 december 2006 trench foot the medical response in the first world war 1914 18 wilderness environmental medicine 17 4 282 289 doi 10 1580 06 weme lh 027r 1 issn 1080 6032 pmid 17219792 zafren ken nonfreezing cold water trench foot and warm water immersion injuries uptodate com retrieved 28 november 2021 1 2 3 4 ackerman bret t wedmore ian s 2008 11 operational medicine environmental considerations in schwartz richard b mcmanus john g swienton raymond e eds tactical emergency medicine lww medical book collection philadelphia lippincott williams wilkins pp 78 80 isbn 978 0 7817 7332 4 1 2 3 freels nicole 7 august 2013 can you still get trench foot today official site lexington lexington podiatry 1 2 matsuura hiroki et al september 2019 trench foot a disease in the world war i postgraduate medical journal vol 95 p 507 doi 10 1136 postgradmedj 2019 136660 pmid 31123178 s2cid 163167047 1 2 3 4 5 linklater james m read john w hayter catherine l 2013 3 imaging of the foot and ankle in saltzman charles l saltzman charles l anderson robert eds mann s surgery of the foot and ankle vol 1 9th ed philadelphia elsevier saunders p 738 isbn 978 0 323 07242 7 redisch walter brandman otto rainone salvatore 1 may 1951 chronic trench foot a study of 100 cases annals of internal medicine 34 5 1163 1168 doi 10 7326 0003 4819 34 5 1163 issn 0003 4819 pmid 14830094 régnier c 2004 etiological argument about the trench foot histoire des sciences médicales in french 38 3 315 32 pmid 15617178 1 2 david saul presenter february 2012 bullets boots and bandages episode 1 3 bbc four thompson julian 18 september 2014 falklands conflict gallery by major general julian thompson bbc retrieved 10 march 2018 power cuts and trench foot winter bites on ukraine s donbas front france 24 agence france presse 24 november 2022 retrieved 13 august 2023 sully andy 23 june 2008 i got trench foot at glastonbury bbc news retrieved 26 may 2010 reid fiona 2017 medicine in first world war europe soldiers medics pacifists bloomsbury academic p 51 55 isbn 978 1 4725 1324 3 morales rick et al the essential guide to jungle foot care official site bristol secret compass classification d icd 10 t69 0 icd 9 cm 991 4 diseasesdb 31219 v t e consequences of external causes temperature elevated burn heat cramps hyperthermia heatstroke heat exhaustion heat syncope reduced aerosol burn acrocyanosis chilblains cold intolerance erythrocyanosis crurum frostbite hypothermia non freezing cold injury radiation chronic radiation keratosis eosinophilic polymorphic and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy radiation acne radiation burn radiation induced cancer radiation induced erythema multiforme radiation induced hypertrophic scar radiation induced keloid radiation induced morphea radiation poisoning radiation recall reaction sunburn oxygen asphyxia hypoxia oxygen toxicity pressure barotrauma arterial gas embolism aerosinusitis middle ear barotrauma pneumothorax decompression sickness inner ear decompression sickness high altitude altitude sickness chronic mountain sickness death zone high altitude cerebral edema hace high altitude pulmonary edema hape food starvation water dehydration drowning immersion foot syndromes trench foot tropical immersion foot warm water immersion foot water intoxication maltreatment physical abuse psychological abuse sexual abuse travel motion sickness airsickness carsickness seasickness space adaptation syndrome adverse effect adverse drug reaction hypersensitivity allergy anaphylaxis angioedema arthus reaction other electrical injury lightning injuries ungrouped skin conditions resulting from physical factors dermatosis neglecta pinch mark pseudoverrucous papules and nodules sclerosing lymphangitis tropical anhidrotic asthenia uv sensitive syndrome environmental skin conditions electrical burn frictional traumatic sports black heel and palm equestrian perniosis fissure of the nipple pulling boat hands runner s rump surfer s knots tennis toe vibration white finger weathering nodule of ear wrestler s ear painful fat herniation uranium dermatosis iv use skin pop scar skin track slap mark pseudoacanthosis nigricans narcotic dermopathy category commons glossary outline portal portal medicine retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title trench_foot oldid 1368671328 categories foot diseases skin conditions resulting from physical factors effects of external causes trench warfare gangrene causes of amputation immersion foot syndromes world war i terminology military medicine in world war i hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata all articles needing examples articles needing examples from january 2026 cs1 french language sources fr commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 10 august 2026 at 12 11 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents trench foot 29 languages add topic