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drives asd azimuthal tractor drives atd rotor tugs rt or cycloidal drives vsp as described below river edit river tug pushing a log raft in british columbia near vancouver may 2012 river tugs are also referred to as towboats or pushboats their hull designs would make open ocean operations dangerous river tugs usually do not have any significant hawser or winch their hulls feature a flat front or bow to line up with the rectangular stern of the barge often with large pushing knees propulsion edit a tugboat on the arakawa river in tokyo japan the first tugboat charlotte dundas was built by william symington in 1801 it had a steam engine and paddle wheels and was used on rivers in scotland paddle tugs proliferated thereafter and were a common sight for a century in the 1870s schooner hulls were converted to screw tugs compound steam engines and scotch boilers provided 300 indicated horse power steam tugs were put to use in every harbour of the world towing and ship berthing however the word tug was not applied to such boats until 1817 when john wood launched tug at port glasgow scotland 4 tugboat diesel engines typically produce 500 to 2 500 kw 680 to 3 400 hp but larger boats used in deep waters can have power ratings up to 20 000 kw 27 200 hp citation needed tugboats usually have an extreme power tonnage ratio normal cargo and passenger ships have a p t ratio in kw grt of 0 35 to 1 20 whereas large tugs typically are 2 20 to 4 50 and small harbour tugs 4 0 to 9 5 5 the engines are often the same as those used in railroad locomotives but typically drive the propeller mechanically instead of converting the engine output to power electric motors as is common for diesel electric locomotives for safety tugboat engines often feature two of each critical part for redundancy 6 some tugboats operate mainly on battery power 7 8 a tugboat is typically rated by its engine s power output and its overall bollard pull the largest commercial harbour tugboats in the 2000s 2010s used for towing container ships or similar had around 60 to 65 short tons force 530 580 kn of bollard pull which is described as 15 short tons force 130 kn above normal tugboats 9 10 diagram of components tugboats are highly manoeuvrable and various propulsion systems have been developed to increase manoeuvrability and increase safety the earliest tugs were fitted with paddle wheels but these were soon replaced by propeller driven tugs kort nozzles see below have been added to increase thrust to power ratio this was followed by the nozzle rudder which omitted the need for a conventional rudder the cycloidal propeller see below was developed prior to world war ii and was occasionally used in tugs because of its maneuverability after world war ii it was also linked to safety due to the development of the voith water tractor a tugboat configuration that could not be pulled over by its tow in the late 1950s the z drive or azimuth thruster was developed although sometimes referred to as the aquamaster or schottel system many brands exist steerprop wärtsilä berg propulsion etc these propulsion systems are used on tugboats designed for tasks such as ship docking and marine construction conventional propeller rudder configurations are more efficient for port to port towing kort nozzle edit main article ducted propeller the kort nozzle is a sturdy cylindrical structure around a special propeller having minimum clearance between the propeller blades and the inner wall of the kort nozzle the thrust to power ratio is enhanced because the water approaches the propeller in a linear configuration and exits the nozzle the same way the kort nozzle is named after its inventor but many brands exist cyclorotor edit main article cyclorotor the cycloidal propeller is a circular plate mounted on the underside of the hull rotating around a vertical axis with a circular array of vertical blades in the shape of hydrofoils that protrude out of the bottom of the ship each blade can rotate itself around a vertical axis the internal mechanism changes the angle of attack of the blades in sync with the rotation of the plate so that each blade can provide thrust in any direction similar to the collective pitch control and cyclic in a helicopter fenders edit red cloud foreground a type v2 me a1 tug alongside usns david c shanks outside the oakland bay bridge in san francisco bay california 1950s on the bow is a traditional rope tugboat fender tugboat fenders are made of high abrasion resistance rubber with good resilience properties they are very popular with small port craft owners and tug owners these fenders are generally made from cut pieces of vehicle tires strung together but on the sides of the tug large heavy equipment tires are often used directly hung down from the gunwale some fendering is compression moulded in high pressure thermic fluid heated moulds and have excellent seawater resistance but are not widely used due to the cost tugboat bow fenders are also called beards or bow puds in the past they were made of rope for padding to protect the bow but rope fendering is almost never seen in recent times other types of tugboat fender include tug cylindrical fender w fender m fender d fender and others 11 carousel edit a recent dutch innovation is the carousel tug winner of the maritime innovation award at the dutch maritime innovation awards gala in 2006 12 it adds a pair of interlocking rings to the body of the tug the inner on the boat the outer on the ship by winch or towing hook since the towing point rotates freely the tug is very difficult to capsize 13 races edit vintage tugboat races have been held annually in olympia washington since 1974 during the olympia harbor days maritime festival tugboat races are held annually on elliott bay in seattle 14 on the hudson river at the new york tugboat race 15 the detroit river 16 and the great tugboat race and parade on the st mary s river 17 ballet edit south african naval tugs perform a ballet when welcoming a new member of the fleet since 1980 an annual tugboat ballet has been held in hamburg harbour on the occasion of the festival commemorating the anniversary of the establishment of a port in hamburg on a weekend in may eight tugboats perform choreographed movements for about an hour to the tunes of waltz and other sorts of dance music 18 roundups edit the tugboat roundup is a gathering of tugboats and other vessels in celebration of maritime industry the waterford tugboat roundup is held in the late summer at the confluence of the hudson and mohawk rivers in waterford new york the tugs featured are river tugs and other tugs re purposed to serve on the new york state canal system 19 in popular culture edit tugboat annie was the subject of a series of saturday evening post magazine stories featuring the female captain of the tugboat narcissus in puget sound later featured in the films tugboat annie 1933 tugboat annie sails again 1940 and captain tugboat annie 1945 the canadian television series the adventures of tugboat annie was filmed in 1957 film and television edit theodore tugboat the titular hero of a children s show was popular enough that a fullsize replica was constructed to date there have been four children s shows revolving around anthropomorphic tugboats in the late 1980s 13 episodes were made of tugs a series depicting the life of tugboats in the 1920s an american adaptation using edited footage from tugs followed salty s lighthouse in the 1975 s soviet short animation musical film в порту in the sea port a tugboat sang a song through a harbour area one of the creators of tugs went on to direct theodore tugboat animated preschool series toot the tiny tugboat started broadcasting on channel 5 milkshake in 2014 and on cartoonito in 2015 with a welsh language version airing on s4c cyw tugger is a tugboat in the animated series south park he appears in the episode the new terrance and phillip movie trailer as a sidekick for russell crowe in a fictitious television series entitled fightin round the world with russell crowe tugger follows crowe as he engages various people in physical conflicts providing emotional support and comic relief at one point tugger even attempts to commit suicide upon being forced to hear russell crowe s new musical composition literature edit alphabetical by author the children s book scuffy the tugboat written by gertrude crampton and illustrated by tibor gergely and first published in 1946 as part of the little golden books series follows the adventures of a young toy tugboat who seeks a life beyond the confines of a tub inside his owner s toy store the dutch writer jan de hartog wrote numerous nautical novels first in dutch then in english the novel hollands glorie written prior to world war ii was made into a dutch miniseries in 1978 and concerned the dangers faced by the crews of dutch salvage tugs 20 21 the novella stella concerning the dangers faced by the captains of rescue tugs in the english channel during world war ii was made into a film entitled the key in 1958 22 the novel the captain 1967 about the captain of a rescue tug during a murmansk convoy sold over a million copies 23 its 1986 sequel the commodore features the narrator captaining a fleet of tugs in peace time little toot 1939 written and illustrated by hardie gramatky is a children s story of an anthropomorphic tugboat child who wants to help tow ships in a harbour near hoboken he s rejected by the tugboat community and dejectedly drifts out to sea where he accidentally discovers a shipwrecked liner and a chance to prove his worth this story was animated as part of the disney movie melody time farley mowat s book the grey seas under tells the tale of a legendary north atlantic salvage tug the foundation franklin he later wrote the serpent s coil which also deals with salvage tugs in the north atlantic gallery edit titanic with tugboats doing sea trials in 1912 swedish harbour tug svitzer freja in tug operation 3 600 kw 453 gross register tons grt dutch river tugboat mascotte ii german harbour tug and ddr quick freighter karl marx at rostock harbour the tugboat woona in sydney harbour australia danish svitzer tyr in ystad harbour 2018 danish baltsund in ystad harbour 2019 tugs towing an oil tanker vlcc tugboat nancy anne assisting a tug and barge docking in rogers city michigan oceangoing tug smit rotterdam arriving at rotterdam 1987 dutch tugboat watergeus towing a barge in the locks at kiel holtenau ship surrounded by tug boats sydney 1942 paddlewheel tugboat eppleton hall in san francisco tugboat vb malabata in tangier harbor 2023 tugboat delta cathryn at port of san francisco 2023 multiple tugboats towing the battleship missouri see also edit transport portal admiralty tug american waterways operators azipod barrier boat charlotte dundas direct methanol fuel cell e3 tug project fish tug hydrotug maritime pilot ps comet pusher boat switcher rail analog type v ship list of naval tugboats notes edit how pygmy tugboats dock a giant liner popular science monthly march 1930 p 22 23 final report of the coast guard awo working group on atb operations and manning pdf american waterways operators march 6 2017 retrieved september 30 2025 thoresen carl a 2003 port designer s handbook recommendations and guidelines thomas telford books p 116 isbn 0 7277 3228 5 paddle steamer tug launched by john wood clydeships poulsen b lund et al 1971 teknisk leksikon the technological encyclopaedia in danish vol 2 københavn a s forlaget for faglitteratur københavn oslo pp 163 190 isbn 87 573 0023 2 bilinski marcie b the workhorse of the waterways massachusetts office of coastal zone management coastlines 2007 port of antwerp bruges launches europe s first battery electric tugboat volta 1 alternative fuels observatory ec europa eu 22 may 2025 2 782 mwh lithium titanium oxide lto batteries it can operate for up to 12 hours on a full charge delivered via a dedicated 1 5 mw high capacity charging station denmark s first electric tugboat is named by her majesty queen mary marinelink 9 september 2025 rotor tug rt zoe marineline com 13 september 2006 retrieved 19 august 2013 western marine to build tugboat vessel for ctg port the independent 4 june 2012 archived from the original on 15 april 2016 retrieved 19 august 2013 tugboat fender types and application marine fender system novatugnews novatug nl news novatug archived from the original on 2007 09 08 retrieved 2008 01 18 novatugprod novatug nl product information novatug archived from the original on 2008 01 19 retrieved 2008 01 18 port of seattle portseattle org retrieved 2012 02 18 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link in search of the toughest tug by laurel graeber new york times august 29 2008 tugrace com tugrace com 2013 06 22 archived from the original on 2014 04 17 retrieved 2014 03 23 the great tugboat race archived from the original on 2011 08 28 retrieved 2012 06 13 schlepperballett kaiserwalzer der kolosse spiegel online nachrichten spiegel tv der spiegel spiegel de 19 may 2002 retrieved 2012 02 18 waterford tugboat roundup tugboatroundup com retrieved 2022 03 08 hollands glorie imdb retrieved 2008 01 20 mel gussow september 24 2002 jan de hartog 88 author of his own life the new york times retrieved 2008 01 20 the key imdb retrieved 2008 01 20 hartog jan de 1914 2002 new york state library archived from the original on july 4 2008 retrieved 2008 01 20 references edit jane s ocean technology 1979 80 jane s yearbooks 1979 isbn 0 531 03902 1 on tugboats stories of work and life aboard virginia thorndike down east books 2004 under tow a canadian history of tugs and towing donal baird vanwell publishing 277 p 2003 isbn 1 55125 076 4 pacific tugboats gordon newell superior publishing company 1957 seattle washington primer of towing george h reid cornell maritime press 1992 further reading edit lehman charles f 2009 a riverman s lexicon in lehman s terms florissant mo j r simpson associates isbn 978 0 9841503 0 4 nautical terminology specific to towboating on inland waterways farrell paul 2016 tugboats illustrated history technology seamanship new york w w norton company isbn 978 0 393 06931 0 a gorgeously detailed guide to the evolution design and role of tugboats from the earliest days of steam to today s most advanced ocean going workboats external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to tugboat a site for boatmen at the port of felixstowe beacon finland ltd jak atb coupling system compagnie maritime chambon docking the world s great liners popular mechanics may 1930 article on docking large ships in the first half of the 20th century using tugboats intercon atb couplers archived 2012 03 18 at the wayback machine nyc s annual tugboat races tugboat enthusiasts society archived 2013 09 10 at the wayback machine university of wisconsin la crosse historic steamboat photographs archived 2010 09 27 at the wayback machine voith schneider propeller waterford tugboat round...