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nčina српски srpski தமிழ் اردو tiếng việt 吴语 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia tungsten trioxide sample of tungsten vi oxide names iupac name tungsten trioxide other names tungstic anhydride tungsten vi oxide tungstic oxide identifiers cas number 1314 35 8 y 3d model jsmol interactive image chemspider 14127 echa infocard 100 013 848 ec number 215 231 4 pubchem cid 14811 rtecs number yo7760000 unii 940e10m08m y comptox dashboard epa dtxsid7032262 inchi inchi 1s 3o w key znokgrxaccsdpy uhfffaoysa n smiles o w o o properties chemical formula wo 3 molar mass 231 84 g mol appearance canary yellow powder density 7 16 g cm 3 melting point 1 473 c 2 683 f 1 746 k boiling point 1 700 c 3 090 f 1 970 k approximation solubility in water insoluble solubility slightly soluble in hf magnetic susceptibility χ 15 8 10 6 cm 3 mol structure crystal structure monoclinic mp32 space group p12 1 n1 no 14 coordination geometry octahedral w vi trigonal planar o 2 hazards occupational safety and health ohs osh main hazards irritant flash point non flammable safety data sheet sds external msds related compounds other anions tungsten trisulfide other cations chromium trioxide molybdenum trioxide related tungsten oxides tungsten iii oxide tungsten iv oxide except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 c 77 f 100 kpa n verify what is y n infobox references chemical compound tungsten vi oxide also known as tungsten trioxide is a chemical compound of oxygen and the transition metal tungsten with formula wo 3 the compound is also called tungstic anhydride reflecting its relation to tungstic acid h 2 wo 4 it is a light yellow crystalline solid 1 tungsten vi oxide occurs naturally in the form of hydrates which include minerals tungstite wo 3 h 2 o meymacite wo 3 2h 2 o and hydrotungstite of the same composition as meymacite however sometimes written as h 2 wo 4 these minerals are rare to very rare secondary tungsten minerals history edit in 1841 a chemist named robert oxland gave the first procedures for preparing tungsten trioxide and sodium tungstate 2 he was granted patents for his work soon after and is considered to be the founder of systematic tungsten chemistry 2 structure and properties edit the crystal structure of tungsten trioxide is temperature dependent it is tetragonal at temperatures above 740 c orthorhombic from 330 to 740 c monoclinic from 17 to 330 c triclinic from 50 to 17 c and monoclinic again at temperatures below 50 c 3 the most common structure of wo 3 is monoclinic with space group p2 1 n 2 the pure compound is an electric insulator but oxygen deficient varieties such as wo 2 90 w 20 o 58 are dark blue to purple in color and conduct electricity they can be prepared by combining the trioxide and the dioxide wo 2 at 1000 c in vacuum 1 4 possible signs of superconductivity with critical temperatures t c 80 90 k were claimed in sodium doped and oxygen deficient wo 3 crystals if confirmed these would be the first superconducting materials containing no copper with t c higher than the boiling point of liquid nitrogen at normal pressure 4 5 crystallography edit tungsten trioxide exists in multiple polymorphs whose structures have been precisely determined using x ray crystallography and neutron diffraction each phase exhibits a distinct arrangement of distorted wo 6 octahedra which affect its electronic and optical behavior tungsten trioxide wo 3 is a polymorphic compound whose crystal structure changes depending on temperature it adopts several forms including tetragonal above 740 c orthorhombic from 330 to 740 c monoclinic from 17 to 330 c triclinic from 50 to 17 c a second monoclinic phase below 50 c a hexagonal form synthesized under specific conditions the most common ambient phase is monoclinic with space group p2 1 n featuring distorted wo 6 octahedra linked at their corners each polymorph exhibits variations in symmetry lattice parameters and atomic positions making structural determination important for understanding the material s physical and electronic properties tetragonal wo 3 edit this high temperature phase is observed above 740 c but specific crystallographic data are often not tabulated separately in modern studies it exhibits relatively symmetric wo 6 octahedra orthorhombic wo 3 edit space group pmnb no 62 lattice parameters å a 7 341 4 b 7 570 4 c 7 754 4 angles α β γ 90 cell volume 430 90 å 3 z 8 temperature 873 k pressure atmospheric r value 0 061 reference salje e 1977 acta crystallographica section b 33 2 574 577 6 monoclinic wo 3 edit space group p1 c1 no 7 lattice parameters å a 5 27710 1 b 5 15541 1 c 7 66297 1 angles α γ 90 β 91 7590 2 cell volume 208 38 å 3 z 4 temperature 5 k pressure atmospheric r value 0 09 reference salje e k h et al 1997 journal of physics condensed matter 9 6563 6577 6 wo 3 triclinic structure triclinic wo 3 edit space group p 1 no 2 lattice parameters å a 7 309 2 b 7 522 2 c 7 678 2 angles α 88 81 2 β 90 92 2 γ 90 93 2 cell volume 421 92 å 3 z 8 temperature room temperature pressure atmospheric r value 0 05 reference diehl r et al 1978 acta crystallographica section b 34 1105 1111 6 hexagonal wo 3 edit a less common hexagonal polymorph of wo 3 has been reported and characterized using powder x ray diffraction it exhibits higher symmetry and potentially distinct electronic properties space group p6 mmm no 191 lattice parameters å a 7 298 2 c 3 899 2 angles α β 90 γ 120 cell volume 179 84 å 3 z 3 temperature room temperature pressure atmospheric r value 0 055 reference gérand b et al 1979 journal of solid state chemistry 29 429 434 6 preparation edit industrial edit tungsten trioxide is obtained as an intermediate in the recovery of tungsten from its minerals 7 tungsten ores can be treated with alkalis to produce soluble tungstates alternatively cawo 4 or scheelite is allowed to react with hcl to produce tungstic acid which decomposes to wo 3 and water at high temperatures 7 cawo 4 2 hcl cacl 2 h 2 wo 4 h 2 wo 4 h 2 o wo 3 laboratory edit another common way to synthesize wo 3 is by calcination of ammonium paratungstate apt under oxidizing conditions 2 nh 4 10 h 2 w 12 o 42 4 h 2 o 12 wo 3 10 nh 3 10 h 2 o reactions edit tungsten trioxide can be reduced with carbon or hydrogen gas yielding the pure metal 2 wo 3 3c 2 w 3 co 2 high temperature wo 3 3 h 2 w 3 h 2 o 550 850 c 8 uses edit tungsten trioxide is a starting material for the synthesis of tungstates barium tungstate bawo 4 is used as an x ray screen phosphors alkali metal tungstates such as lithium tungstate li 2 wo 4 and cesium tungstate cs 2 wo 4 give dense solutions that can be used to separate minerals 1 other applications actual or potential include fireproofing fabrics 9 gas and humidity sensors 10 1 ceramic glazes where it gives a rich yellow color 7 1 electrochromic glass such as in smart windows whose transparency can be changed by an applied voltage 11 12 1 photocatalytic water splitting 13 14 15 16 substrate for surface enhanced raman spectroscopy replacing noble metals 17 18 19 20 references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 j christian r p singh gaur t wolfe and j r l trasorras 2011 tungsten chemicals and their applications brochure by international tungsten industry association 1 2 3 4 lassner erik and wolf dieter schubert 1999 tungsten properties chemistry technology of the element alloys and chemical compounds new york kluwer academic isbn 978 0 306 45053 2 h a wriedt 1898 the o w oxygen tungsten system bulletin of alloy phase diagrams volume 10 pages 368 384 doi 10 1007 bf02877593 1 2 a shengelaya k conder and k a müller 2020 signatures of filamentary superconductivity up to 94 k in tungsten oxide wo 2 90 journal of superconductivity and novel magnetism volume 33 pages 301 306 doi 10 1007 s10948 019 05329 9 s reich and y tsabba 1999 possible nucleation of a 2d superconducting phase on wo single crystals surface doped with na european physical journal b volume 9 pages 1 4 doi 10 1007 s100510050735 s2cid 121476634 1 2 3 4 sundberg m 1976 07 15 the crystal and defect structures of w25o73 a member of the homologous series wno3n 2 acta crystallographica section b structural crystallography and crystal chemistry 32 7 2144 2149 bibcode 1976accrb 32 2144s doi 10 1107 s0567740876007280 issn 0567 7408 1 2 3 patnaik pradyot 2003 handbook of inorganic chemical compounds mcgraw hill isbn 978 0 07 049439 8 retrieved 2009 06 06 how to make tungsten from ore to finished metal biology insights 2025 08 28 retrieved 2025 09 03 merck 2006 tungsten trioxide the merck index volume 14 david e williams simon r aliwell keith f e pratt daren j caruana roderic l jones r anthony cox graeme m hansford and john halsall 2002 modelling the response of a tungsten oxide semiconductor as a gas sensor for the measurement of ozone measurement science and technology volume 13 pages 923 931 doi 10 1088 0957 0233 13 6 314 lee w j fang y k ho jyh jier hsieh w t ting s f huang daoyang ho fang c 2000 effects of surface porosity on tungsten trioxide wo3 films electrochromic performance journal of electronic materials 29 2 183 187 bibcode 2000jemat 29 183l doi 10 1007 s11664 000 0139 8 s2cid 98302697 k j patel m s desai c j panchal h n deota and u b trivedi 2013 all solid thin film electrochromic devices consisting of layers ito nio zro2 wo3 ito journal of nano electronics and physics volume 5 issue 2 article 02023 yugo miseki hitoshi kusama hideki sugihara and kazuhiro sayama 2010 cs modified wo3 photocatalyst showing efficient solar energy conversion for o2 production and fe iii ion reduction under visible light journal of physical chemistry letters volume 1 issue 8 pages 1196 1200 doi 10 1021 jz100233w é karácsonyi l baia a dombi v danciu k mogyorósi l c pop g kovács v coşoveanu a vulpoi s simon zs pap 2013 the photocatalytic activity of tio2 wo3 noble metal au or pt nanoarchitectures obtained by selective photodeposition catalysis today volume 208 pages 19 27 doi 10 1016 j cattod 2012 09 038 istván székely gábor kovács lucian baia virginia danciu zsolt pap 2016 synthesis of shape tailored wo3 micro nanocrystals and the photocatalytic activity of wo3 tio2 composites materials volume 9 issue 4 pages 258 271 doi 10 3390 ma9040258 lucian baia eszter orbán szilvia fodor boglárka hampel endre zsolt kedves kata saszet istván székely éva karácsonyi balázs réti péter berki adriana vulpoi klára magyari alexandra csavdári csaba bolla veronica coșoveanu klára hernádi monica baia andrás dombi virginia danciu gábor kovácz zsolt pap 2016 preparation of tio2 wo3 composite photocatalysts by the adjustment of the semiconductors surface charge materials science in semiconductor processing volume 42 part 1 pages 66 71 doi 10 1016 j mssp 2015 08 042 g ou 2018 tuning defects in oxides at room temperature by lithium reduction nature communications 9 1302 1302 bibcode 2018natco 9 1302o doi 10 1038 s41467 018 03765 0 pmc 5882908 pmid 29615620 s hurst 2011 utilizing chemical raman enhancement a route for metal oxide support based biodetection the journal of physical chemistry c 115 3 620 630 doi 10 1021 jp1096162 w liu 2018 improved surface enhanced raman spectroscopy sensitivity on metallic tungsten oxide by the synergistic effect of surface plasmon resonance coupling and charge transfer the journal of physical chemistry letters 9 14 4096 4100 doi 10 1021 acs jpclett 8b01624 pmid 29979872 s2cid 49716355 c zhou 2019 electrical tuning of the sers enhancement by precise defect density control pdf acs applied materials interfaces 11 37 34091 34099 doi 10 1021 acsami 9b10856 pmid 31433618 s2cid 201278374 external links edit international tungsten industry association preparation of tungsten trioxide electrochromic films sigma aldrich supplier v t e tungsten compounds tungsten 0 w co 6 w pme 3 6 tungsten ii wsi 2 wcl 2 wi 2 w oh 2 w 2 hpp 4 tungsten iii w 2 o 3 wcl 3 wi 3 w 2 o t bu 6 tungsten iv wc wo 2 ws 2 wse 2 wte 2 wf 4 wcl 4 wbr 4 wi 4 tungsten v wbr 5 w 2 cl 10 liwf 6 tungsten v vi w 2 o 5 tungsten vi wo 2 cl 2 wbr 6 wcl 6 wf 6 wn 2 wo 3 ws 3 was 2 wobr 4 wocl 4 wof 4 h 2 wo 4 organotungsten vi compounds w ch 3 6 polytungstate salts h 3 pw 12 o 40 nh 4 10 h 2 w 12 o 42 na 6 h 2 w 12 o 40 v t e salts and covalent derivatives of the oxide ion h 2 o he li 2 o beo b 6 o bo b 2 o 3 c 2 o c 12 o 9 c 3 o 2 co co 2 co 3 c x o y n 2 o no n 2 o 2 n 2 o 3 n 2 o 4 no 2 n 2 o 5 n x o y o 2 2 f ne na 2 o mgo al 2 o alo al 2 o 3 sio sio 2 po p 4 o 6 p 4 o 10 so s 2 o 2 so 2 so 3 cl 2 o clo cl 2 o 4 clo 2 cl 2 o 5 cl 2 o 6 cl 2 o 7 ar k 2 o cao sc 2 o 3 tio ti 2 o 3 tio 2 vo v 2 o 3 vo 2 v 2 o 5 cro cr 2 o 3 cro 2 cro 3 mno mn 3 o 4 mn 2 o 3 mno 2 mn 2 o 7 feo fe 3 o 4 fe 2 o 3 coo co 3 o 4 co 2 o 3 nio ni 2 o 3 cu 2 o cuo zno ga 2 o ga 2 o 3 geo geo 2 as 2 o 3 as 2 o 5 seo 2 seo 3 br 2 o bro bro 2 br 3 o 8 kr rb 2 o sro yo y 2 o 3 zro zro 2 nbo nbo 2 nb 2 o 5 moo 2 moo 3 tco 2 tc 2 o 7 ruo 2 ruo 4 rh 2 o 3 rho 2 pdo ag 2 o ag 4 o 4 ag 2 o 3 cdo in 2 o 3 sno sno 2 sb 2 o 3 sb 2 o 4 sb 2 o 5 teo 2 teo 3 i 2 o io io 2 i 2 o 5 xeo 3 xeo 4 cs 2 o bao lu 2 o 3 hfo 2 ta 2 o 5 w 2 o 3 wo 2 w 2 o 5 wo 3 reo 2 reo 3 re 2 o 7 oso 2 oso 4 iro 2 iro 4 pto 2 au 2 o 3 hg 2 o hgo tl 2 o tl 2 o 3 pbo pb 3 o 4 pbo 2 bi 2 o 3 bi 2 o 5 poo poo 2 poo 3 at rn fr rao lr rfo 2 db 2 o 5 sgo 3 bh 2 o 7 hso 4 mt ds rg cn nh fl mc lv ts og la 2 o 3 ce 2 o 3 ceo 2 pr 2 o 3 pr 6 o 11 pro 2 ndo nd 2 o 3 pm 2 o 3 smo sm 2 o 3 euo eu 2 o 3 gd 2 o 3 tb 2 o 3 tb 4 o 7 tbo 2 dy 2 o 3 ho 2 o 3 er 2 o 3 tm 2 o 3 ybo yb 2 o 3 ac 2 o 3 tho tho 2 pao pao 2 pa 2 o 5 uo 2 u 2 o 5 u 3 o 8 uo 3 np 2 o 3 npo 2 np 2 o 5 npo 3 pu 2 o 3 puo 2 puo 3 am 2 o 3 amo 2 cm 2 o 3 cmo 2 bko bk 2 o 3 bko 2 cf 2 o 3 cfo 2 es 2 o 3 fm md no retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title tungsten_trioxide oldid 1371236261 categories tungsten compounds transition metal oxides acidic oxides hidden categories articles without ebi source articles without kegg source echa infocard id from wikidata articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes chembox image size set articles with short description short description matches wikidata this page was last edited on 25 august 2026 at 10 18 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers 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