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l bucharest 2 388 4 history edit see also islam in romania turkic settlement has a long history in the dobruja region various groups such as bulgars pechenegs cumans and turkmen settling in the region between the 7th and 13th centuries and probably contributing to the formation of a christian autonomous polity in the 14th century 5 the existence of a strictly turkish population in the territories of modern romania can possibly be tracked down to the 13th century in 1243 the seljuk turks in anatolia most of modern turkey were defeated by the mongols in the battle of kösedağ the mongols subordinated the seljuk turks and divided their lands between two brothers kilij arslan iv and kaykaus ii kaykaus ii having been forced to obey his brother opposed this for which he had to leave anatolia together with a large group of partisans and look for refuge in the byzantine empire 6 he and his partisans were settled by byzantine emperor michael viii palaiologos in a region between varna and the danube delta which is known as dobruja today later kaykaus ii would attempt an unsuccessful rebellion in the byzantine empire and went into exile in crimea but his partisans remained in dobruja and he would be succeeded as leader by sarı saltık 7 in 1307 some of the dobrujan seljuk turks would return to anatolia 6 nevertheless some would stay in the area and while they kept their language they would convert to christianity 7 it has been suggested that these seljuk turks eventually evolved into the modern gagauz people the name of which would supposedly come from kaykaus ii 8 another important event in the history of the turkish population in romania was the ottoman conquest of the region in the early 15th century hence by the 17th century most of the settlements in dobruja had turkish names either due to colonisations 5 or through assimilation of the islamised pre ottoman turkic populations in the nineteenth century turks and tatars were more numerous in dobruja than the romanians 9 turks dark purple in northern dobruja 1903 demographic history in northern dobruja ethnicity 1880 10 1899 10 1913 11 1930 1 12 1956 13 1966 13 1977 13 1992 13 2002 13 2011 14 all 139 671 258 242 380 430 437 131 593 659 702 461 863 348 1 019 766 971 643 897 165 romanian 43 671 31 118 919 46 216 425 56 8 282 844 64 7 514 331 86 6 622 996 88 7 784 934 90 9 926 608 90 8 883 620 90 9 751 250 83 7 bulgarian 24 915 17 38 439 14 51 149 13 4 42 070 9 6 749 0 13 524 0 07 415 0 05 311 0 03 135 0 01 58 0 01 turkish 18 624 13 12 146 4 20 092 5 3 21 748 5 11 994 2 16 209 2 3 21 666 2 5 27 685 2 7 27 580 2 8 22 500 2 5 tatar 29 476 21 28 670 11 21 350 5 6 15 546 3 6 20 239 3 4 21 939 3 1 22 875 2 65 24 185 2 4 23 409 2 4 19 720 2 2 russian lipovan 8 250 6 12 801 5 35 859 9 4 26 210 6 ² 29 944 5 30 509 4 35 24 098 2 8 26 154 2 6 21 623 2 2 13 910 1 6 ruthenian ukrainian from 1956 455 0 3 13 680 5 33 0 01 7 025 1 18 5 154 0 73 2 639 0 3 4 101 0 4 1 465 0 1 1 177 0 1 dobrujan germans 2 461 1 7 8 566 3 7 697 2 12 023 2 75 735 0 12 599 0 09 648 0 08 677 0 07 398 0 04 166 0 02 greek 4 015 2 8 8 445 3 9 999 2 6 7 743 1 8 1 399 0 24 908 0 13 635 0 07 1 230 0 12 2 270 0 23 1 447 0 16 roma 702 0 5 2 252 0 87 3 263 0 9 3 831 0 88 1 176 0 2 378 0 05 2 565 0 3 5 983 0 59 8 295 0 85 11 977 1 3 demographics edit hunchiar mosque in constanța completed in 1869 by abdulaziz ottoman clock tower in giurgiu statue of mustafa kemal atatürk calea victoriei bucharest the majority of turks live in the historical region of northern dobruja turkish dobruca particularly in constanța county where they number 21 014 and make up 3 3 of the population tulcea county with 1 891 0 94 and bucharest with 2 388 0 14 dobromir a commune in constanța county is the only one in romania with a turkish majority 61 93 as an officially recognised ethnic minority turks have one seat reserved for them in the romanian chamber of deputies which has been held by the democratic turkish union of romania since 1992 an important turkish community also used to live until 1967 on the island of ada kaleh after 1989 a significant number of turkish entrepreneurs started investing and establishing business ventures in romania and a certain proportion chose to take up residence in romania unofficial sources estimate there are 12 thousand turkish citizens in bucharest 15 religion edit the romanian census of 2011 counted 27 698 ethnic turks of which 26 903 were muslims or 97 1 percent around 505 turks were orthodox 1 8 percent while 147 turks 0 5 percent belonged to other religions 16 diaspora edit traditionally large scale turkish romanian migration has been to the republic of turkey where most arrived as muhacirs refugees during the first world war and the second world war furthermore during the early 20th century some turkish romanians also migrated to north america according to dr eleanor bujea the early history of turkish romanians in canada began in the 1910s and is similar to that of jewish romanians many initially homesteaded and raised their families on farms whilst some went into the grocery businesses or opened street carts however after the first world war many of these people moved to large cities where some intermarried and assimilated 17 in more recent years since romania s admission into the european union the turkish minority in romania has decreased significantly due to the relaxation of travelling and migration regulations thus since the first decade of the 2000s turkish romanians have joined other romanian citizens e g ethnic romanians tatars etc in migrating mostly to germany austria italy spain and the united kingdom 18 notable people edit kazak abdal tr ottoman poet veliyullah akbaşlı tr turkish politician nejla ateş turkish belly dancer mehmet rüştü bekit tr turkish politician aylin cadîr ro actress and singer marcu cercel adventurer who served as prince of moldavia in july september 1600 turkish mother hamdi cerchez ro actor metin cerchez ro member of the chamber of deputies 2000 04 ömer cerrahoğlu gold medal winner of the international mathematical olympiad i̇brahim hilmi çığıraçan tr one of the first turkish publishers in turkey basri dirimlili football player ludmilla dudarova actress elena farago poet maternally of turkish greek and romanian origin iusein ibram member of the chamber of deputies 2004 20 kemal karpat turkish historian fedbi osman ro president of democratic turkish union of romania 1994 97 2004 present member of the chamber of deputies 1996 2000 19 county councilor of constanța 2004 2016 20 director of hakses the voice of hope negiat sali member of the chamber of deputies 2000 04 enes sali turkish romanian footballer rıza saltuğ tr turkish politician sevil shhaideh economist civil servant and politician turkish father and crimean tatar mother numan ustalar tr turkish politician see also edit turkey portal romania portal turkish minorities in the former ottoman empire turks in the balkans turks in europe ada kaleh tatars of romania islam in romania romania turkey relations romanians in turkey gagauz people references edit 1 2 national institute of statistics 2011 10 phinnemore 2006 157 constantin goschin dragusin 2008 59 national institute of statistics 2011 6 1 2 brozba 2010 48 1 2 prof yaşar yüce prof ali sevim türkiye tarihi cilt i akdtykttk yayınları i̇stanbul 1991 1 2 kate fleet machiel kiel cambridge history of turkey vol 1 cambridge press isbn 978 0 521 62093 2 p 141 claude cahen pre ottoman turkey j jones willims taplinger publishing co new york 1968 p 279 boia 2001 20 1 2 g dănescu dobrogea la dobroudja étude de géographie physique et ethnographique roman i n 1919 la population de la dobrogea d apres le recensement du 1 er janvier 1913 in demetrescu a ed la dobrogea roumaine études et documents in french bucarest bulletin de l institut pour l étude de l europe sud orientale oclc 80634772 calculated from results of the 1930 census per county taken from mănuilă sabin 1939 la population de la dobroudja in french bucarest institut central de statistique oclc 1983592 1 2 3 4 5 calculated from statistics for the counties of tulcea and constanța from populaţia după etnie la recensămintele din perioada 1930 2002 pe judete pdf in romanian guvernul româniei agenţia naţională pentru romi pp 5 6 13 14 archived from the original pdf on 2015 09 23 retrieved 2007 05 02 2011 census results per county cities and towns populaţia stabilă pe sexe după etnie categorii de localităţi macroregiuni regiuni de dezvoltare şi judeţe in romanian institutul național de statistică archived from the original xls on 2019 08 15 retrieved 2015 11 20 turci archived 2021 07 09 at the wayback machine at noile minorități din bucurești romanian census 2011 bujea eleanor 2009 romanians in canada the romanian orthodox episcopate of america p 43 isbn 9781929200146 catalina andreea mihai 2016 cultural resilience or the interethnic dobrujan model as a black sea alternative to euroislam in the romanian turkish tatar community university of bergamo activitate parlamentară fedbi osman activitate cjc fedbi osman bibliography edit boia lucian 2001 history and myth in romanian consciousness budapest central european university press isbn 963 9116 96 3 brozba gabriela 2010 between reality and myth a corpus based analysis of the stereotypic image of some romanian ethnic minorities grin verlag isbn 978 3 640 70386 9 constantin daniela l goschin zizi dragusin mariana 2008 ethnic entrepreneurship as an integration factor in civil society and a gate to religious tolerance a spotlight on turkish entrepreneurs in romania journal for the study of religions and ideologies 7 20 28 41 national institute of statistics 2002 population by ethnic groups regions counties and areas pdf romania national institute of statistics national institute of statistics 2011 comunicat de presă privind rezultatele provizorii ale recensământului populaţiei şi locuinţelor 2011 pdf romania national institute of statistics archived from the original pdf on 2019 08 02 retrieved 2012 02 02 phinnemore david 2006 the eu and romania accession and beyond the federal trust for education research isbn 1 903403 78 2 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to turks in romania turkish democratic union of romania uniunea democrată turcă din românia v t e ethnic groups in romania dominant group romanians 16 792 868 officially recognised minorities hungarians 1 227 623 romani 621 573 ukrainians 50 920 germans 36 042 turks 27 698 lipovans 23 487 tatars divided into crimean tatars and nogais 20 282 serbs 18 076 slovaks 13 654 bulgarians 7 336 croats 5 408 greeks 3 668 jews 3 271 italians 3 203 poles 2 543 czechs 2 477 armenians 1 361 macedonians 1 264 albanians 520 rusyns 262 non recognized minorities aromanians 26 500 hutsuls self declared 3 890 csángós self declared 1 536 megleno romanians 1 200 2 000 székelys self declared 532 krashovani self declared 207 slovenes 175 gagauz 5 historical ethnic groups circassians approximately 10 000 in the mid 19th century dobrujan arabs 145 in 1850 immigrant groups citizens of the republic of moldova 177 000 arabs 5 000 chinese 2 243 indians 362 iranians 610 bangladeshis 100 subgroups of officially recognized ethnicities that are not treated by the romanian authorities as separate minorities v t e turkish people by country traditional areas of turkish settlement turkish majorities turkey muhacirs northern cyprus turkish cypriot diaspora mainland turks turkish minorities in the balkans bosnia and herzegovina bulgaria croatia greece crete dodecanese western thrace kosovo north macedonia montenegro romania serbia turkish minorities in the caucasus azerbaijan georgia abkhazia meskhetia turkish minorities in the levant iraq turkmeneli israel jews jordan lebanon palestine syria turkmen mountain turkish minorities in north africa algeria kouloughlis egypt libya tunisia other regions saudi arabia yemen africa south africa americas argentina brazil pt canada mexico united states south carolina venezuela asia afghanistan azerbaijan india japan kazakhstan kyrgyzstan kuwait pakistan qatar turkmenistan uzbekistan europe austria belgium czech republic denmark finland france germany berlin hungary ireland italy liechtenstein netherlands norway poland russia spain sweden switzerland ukraine united kingdom london oceania australia new zealand anti turkish sentiment persecution of muslims during the ottoman contraction exodus of muslims from serbia 1862 1924 kirkuk massacre 1944 deportation of the meskhetian turks gavurbağı massacre exodus of turks from bulgaria 1950 1951 bloody christmas 1963 akritas plan afrikaanderwijk riots revival process tochni massacre maratha santalaris and aloda massacre turkish diplomats assassinated by armenian militant organisations assassination of taha carım assassination of orhan gündüz assassination of erkut akbay assassination of galip balkar 1983 orly airport attack 1989 fergana massacre 1990 komotini events 1991 altun kupri massacre 1993 solingen arson attack national socialist underground murders murder of enver şimşek 2004 cologne bombing banya bashi mosque clashes iraqi turkmen genocide see also turkish communities in the former ottoman empire turkish diaspora turkish population turks in the arab world kouloughlis turks in the balkans turks in the former soviet union v t e turkic peoples peoples azerbaijani communities javanshir armenian azerbaijanis georgian azerbaijanis karapapakhs iranian azerbaijanis küresünni rumlu shahsevans qajars russian azerbaijanis dagestani azerbaijanis turkish azerbaijanis kazakh communities chinese kazakhs iranian kazakhs mongolian kazakhs kyrgyz communities chinese kyrgyz akto turkmen afghan kyrgyz tajik kyrgyz turkish kyrgyz turkmen 1 communities ali ili afghan turkmens ansarlu chowdur ersari saryk iranian turkmens teke yomut turkish communities 2 turks gajal muhacirs tahtacıs yörüks abkhazian turks algerian turks kouloughlis bosnian turks bulgarian turks croatian turks cretan turks cypriot turks dodecanese turks egyptian turks iraqi turkmen turkoman 1 israeli turks kosovan turks lebanese turks libyan turks macedonian turks meskhetian ahiska turks montenegrin turks palestinian turks romanian turks serbian turks syrian turkmen turkoman 1 tunisian turks uzbekistani turks western thracian turks turkic peoples in uzbekistan uzbeks karakalpaks azerbaijanis turks uyghurs kashgartsy yomut turkic minorities in china äynu dolan fuyu kyrgyz ili turks chinese kazakhs chinese kyrgyz akto turkmen salar taranchi chinese tatars tor tajiks uyghurs chinese uzbeks yugurs turkic minorities in crimea armeno kipchaks crimean karaites crimean tatars crimean roma subgroups krymchaks urums turkic minorities in iran iranian azerbaijanis afshar chaharmahali turks khalajs khorasani turks qarai turks qashqai iranian turkmens iranian kazakhs turkic minorities in russia altaians chelkans telengits tubalars balkars bashkirs besermyan chulyms chuvash dolgans karachays khakas koibal kumandins kumyks nogais sho...