Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

operations, united, states, european, command, contents, history, and, significant, timeline, structure, list, of, commanders, notes, references, external, links, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2020s, service, components, subordinate, unified, commands, additional, supporting, units,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (256), and (142), command (106), #united (79), #europe (77), states (71), army (67), from (58), eucom (55), germany (45), forces (44), for (43), air (42), force (41), operation (41), european (35), operations (34), military (30), defense (27), general (27), was (26), corps (26), support (26), 000 (25), commander (24), retrieved (22), edit (22), war (22), nato (22), with (21), days (21), unified (19), july (19), years (19), joint (17), africa (17), june (17), responsibility (17), special (16), may (15), headquarters (15), combatant (14), department (14), base (14), crisis (14), this (13), service (13), november (13), 2025 (13), 1952 (13), august (13), east (13), over (13), all (12), established (12), commands (12), its (12), born (12), were (12), iraq (12), soviet (12), american (11), units (11), brigade (11), troops (11), wing (11), site (10), stuttgart (10), israel (10), 2014 (10), new (10), useucom (10), are (10), during (10), barracks (10), after (10), october (9), national (9), 2013 (9), that (9), article (9), navy (9), marine (9), kaserne (9), 1998 (9), area (9), wikipedia (8), articles (8), west (8), other (8), chief (8), security (8), allied (8), deployed (8), center (8), afghanistan (8), task (8), two (8), provided (8), including (8), agency (8), links (7), 2020 (7), based (7), has (7), archived (7), mil (7), combat (7), plan (7), history (7), 1967 (7), james (7), 1993 (7), staff (7), ramstein (7), italy (7), fleet (7), kaiserslautern (7), theater (7), patch (7), mediterranean (7), kosovo (7), lebanon (7), first (7), union (7), link (6), cs1 (6), citations (6), march (6), atlantic (6), space (6), northern (6), 2002 (6), original (6), february (6), move (6), january (6), include (6), changes (6), 1997 (6), 1992 (6), far (6), chiefs (6), main (6), kingdom (6), help (6), also (6), within (6), provide (6), evacuation (6), 1999 (6), middle (6), congo (6), personnel (6), countries (6), toggle (5), search (5), additional (5), page (5), maint (5), references (5), september (5), april (5), control (5), central (5), cinc (5), secretary (5), one (5), president (5), december (5), john (5), trump (5), centcom (5), 2006 (5), 1953 (5), 1983 (5), held (5), following (5), commanders (5), raf (5), panzer (5), bases (5), airlift (5), sixth (5), but (5), while (5), planning (5), cold (5), been (5), had (5), structure (5), 1995 (5), guard (5), hostage (5), 1990 (5), terrorist (5), berlin (5), 1980s (5), end (5), 1970s (5), transferred (5), moved (5), treaty (5), assistance (5), contents (4), under (4), terms (4), use (4), commons (4), 2011 (4), sources (4), external (4), 2015 (4), geographic (4), 1989 (4), arkin (4), 2012 (4), depots (4), cite (4), web (4), poland (4), 2022 (4), mission (4), 2016 (4), announced (4), sustainment (4), shape (4), year (4), 1964 (4), 1960 (4), 1955 (4), 2003 (4), 1987 (4), 2008 (4), 1974 (4), previously (4), than (4), list (4), subordinate (4), sites (4), reserve (4), their (4), ground (4), naples (4), naval (4), when (4), more (4), components (4), headquartered (4), rotational (4), significant (4), against (4), divisions (4), vii (4), program (4), strikes (4), desert (4), deployment (4), kuwait (4), 1991 (4), cyprus (4), transported (4), since (4), stationed (4), activities (4), called (4), eastern (4), north (4), began (4), continued (4), french (4), would (4), eisenhower (4), supreme (4), grew (4), hide (4), sidebar (4), view (3), code (3), about (3), text (3), non (3), wikimedia (3), 2026 (3), wikidata (3), url (3), deprecated (3), archival (3), italian (3), dead (3), english (3), short (3), title (3), france (3), authority (3), inactivated (3), strategic (3), southern (3), website (3), press (3), out (3), dod (3), only (3), america (3), names (3), monitor (3), will (3), aviation (3), eur (3), located (3), news (3), stars (3), stripes (3), ceremony (3), wiesbaden (3), return (3), allies (3), ansa (3), 2021 (3), withdrawal (3), 2019 (3), continental (3), pdf (3), where (3), alexus (3), grynkewich (3), christopher (3), cavoli (3), tod (3), wolters (3), 1956 (3), curtis (3), scaparrotti (3), philip (3), breedlove (3), 2009 (3), admiral (3), stavridis (3), 1949 (3), jones (3), 2000 (3), joseph (3), george (3), 1979 (3), 1969 (3), matthew (3), ridgway (3), office (3), took (3), however (3), right (3), change (3), armed (3), intelligence (3), supporting (3), böblingen (3), some (3), equipment (3), near (3), marforeur (3), usafe (3), fighter (3), 10th (3), coordination (3), multinational (3), airborne (3), learn (3), remove (3), community (3), usaf (3), unit (3), group (3), sea (3), both (3), strength (3), flying (3), role (3), presence (3), squadron (3), most (3), enduring (3), freedom (3), sahara (3), active (3), formerly (3), seventh (3), providing (3), gulf (3), areas (3), embassy (3), 2001 (3), macedonia (3), 2000s (3), anvil (3), response (3), zone (3), bosnia (3), release (3), 1990s (3), beirut (3), 1973 (3), 1970 (3), 1960s (3), 1958 (3), 1950s (3), which (3), saudi (3), arabia (3), 120 (3), time (3), timeline (3), later (3), initially (3), increased (3), off (3), coast (3), bloc (3), such (3), post (3), warsaw (3), pact (3), intermediate (3), range (3), gen (3), missiles (3), noncombatant (3), missions (3), 1961 (3), deputy (3), senior (3), tools (3), subsection (3), languages (2), table (2), statement (2), conduct (2), contact (2), privacy (2), policy (2), organization (2), categories (2), wayback (2), status (2), lacking (2), needing (2), 2023 (2), description (2), relations (2), org (2), international (2), strike (2), transportation (2), cyber (2), indo (2), pacific (2), official (2), related (2), installations (2), term (2), sunk (2), donald (2), rumsfeld (2), put (2), leaders (2), there (2), william (2), com (2), open (2), 12th (2), global (2), www (2), forward (2), times (2), colors (2), cut (2), politics (2), york (2), biden (2), cnn (2), withdraw (2), cost (2), billions (2), 1966 (2), operational (2), council (2), notes (2), bantz (2), craddock (2), 1943 (2), ralston (2), wesley (2), clark (2), joulwan (2), shalikashvili (2), galvin (2), bernard (2), rogers (2), alexander (2), haig (2), andrew (2), goodpaster (2), 1962 (2), 1899 (2), 1988 (2), lyman (2), lemnitzer (2), lauris (2), norstad (2), alfred (2), gruenther (2), left (2), position (2), chairman (2), second (2), assumed (2), soceur (2), underground (2), built (2), according (2), ammunition (2), munitions (2), storage (2), hospital (2), 500 (2), israeli (2), his (2), book (2), locations (2), not (2), turkey (2), incirlik (2), mildenhall (2), third (2), region (2), usareur (2), financial (2), management (2), field (2), 1st (2), 7th (2), sembach (2), medical (2), grafenwoehr (2), missile (2), team (2), 2nd (2), stryker (2), cavalry (2), regiment (2), how (2), message (2), please (2), improve (2), largest (2), wounded (2), soldiers (2), vaihingen (2), aor (2), warfare (2), serves (2), component (2), execution (2), black (2), reduced (2), high (2), many (2), aircraft (2), ships (2), involved (2), maritime (2), along (2), trans (2), brigades (2), several (2), controlled (2), deactivated (2), returning (2), certain (2), afghan (2), present (2), monitoring (2), bombings (2), kenya (2), albania (2), flight (2), rescue (2), lift (2), watch (2), enforcement (2), fly (2), 1996 (2), rapid (2), herzegovina (2), somalia (2), 1994 (2), border (2), restore (2), efforts (2), storm (2), supported (2), 1986 (2), bombing (2), 1984 (2), administrative (2), marines (2), returned (2), 1982 (2), 1978 (2), airlifted (2), counter (2), invasion (2), peacekeepers (2), yom (2), kippur (2), 265 (2), 350 (2), takes (2), redeploying (2), below (2), becomes (2), 1951 (2), fort (2), 1980 (2), reported (2), wanted (2), troop (2), map (2), facilities (2), belgium (2), into (2), 2020s (2), plans (2), rotating (2), romania (2), have (2), retained (2), part (2), iceland (2), russia (2), syria (2), early (2), major (2), subsequent (2), attacks (2), waters (2), included (2), same (2), hosted (2), annual (2), religious (2), peace (2), alliances (2), partners (2), former (2), contract (2), assigned (2), partnership (2), citizens (2), negotiations (2), pershing (2), goldwater (2), nichols (2), south (2), became (2), responded (2), actions (2), humanitarian (2), peacekeeping (2), country (2), groups (2), conducted (2), red (2), because (2), soon (2), sent (2), build (2), farben (2), building (2), frankfurt (2), 400 (2), western (2), uscinceur (2), korean (2), saceur (2), thomas (2), activated (2), separate (2), 1950 (2), three (2), eleven (2), threat (2), designated (2), prior (2), 1945 (2), 1947 (2), information (2), departments (2), insignia (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), read (2), norsk (2), беларуская (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statistics, developers, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, available, apply, using, you, agree, registered, trademark, profit, foundation, inc, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, utc, hidden, category, webarchive, template, language, dmy, dates, written, different, establishments, formations, organisations, https, index, php, united_states_european_command, oldid, 1379391583, yale, lux, idref, bnf, data, gnd, viaf, isni, databases, functional, media, duke, simon, sipri, oxford, university, memo, oct, saying, 139, via, machine, comes, archive, 12cab, 2cr, pike, poznan, rempfer, kyle, resurrected, associated, abc, head, matt, millham, cases, bittersweet, big, ago, defence, pentagon, spokesman, sean, parnell, aims, compel, subsidies, report, says, agenzia, wants, expands, cooper, helene, 0362, 4331, issn, freezes, lite, nearly, take, gov, strong, scale, laboratory, aco, finds, home, 2018, adp, symbols, 2004, graphics, foreign, 102, incumbent, 1971, 364, 357, 315, 207, 324, 259, 297, 1944, 262, 1939, 121, 1936, 363, 1929, 360, 1921, 198, 1924, 2010, 167, 1915, 2005, 242, 346, 1907, 132, 1895, duration, name, portrait, branch, order, dated, cincs, retitled, acronym, anyone, forbidden, outgoing, background, obscured, applaud, dunford, ash, carter, attendants, playing, medley, leadership, huntingdonshire, molesworth, analytic, oberammergau, school, garmisch, marshall, studies, numbered, others, hangars, holds, vehicles, emergency, tel, aviv, beds, administers, low, profile, revealed, writes, appear, maps, exact, classified, nevatim, herzliya, pituah, ovda, ben, gurion, airport, spaceforeur, hungary, pápa, heavy, 39th, fairford, 501st, 435th, 406th, expeditionary, 100th, refueling, 86th, spangdahlem, 52nd, lakenheath, 48th, aviano, 31st, naveur, 266th, 409th, contracting, daenner, 405th, human, resources, 30th, 18th, police, smith, baumholder, 16th, 21st, 19th, battlefield, detachment, heuberg, training, katterbach, ansbach, vicenza, 173rd, rose, vilseck, lucius, clay, includes, precise, introducing, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, outside, overseas, treating, landstuhl, regional, seals, 352nd, integral, warfighting, they, now, much, pool, airpower, closer, trouble, spots, provides, deterring, threats, shipping, remainder, fighting, growing, around, shores, direction, function, effectively, sized, powerful, striking, flank, 5th, aztec, silence, straits, gibraltar, endeavour, controls, although, almost, each, upon, surface, refuge, risk, civilians, particularly, coalition, interpreters, employees, kabul, prospective, applicants, immigrant, visa, siv, avid, recovery, explosive, ordance, disposal, nigeria, terrorism, successful, disarm, nla, essential, harvest, jtf, noble, serbia, fox, compliance, nations, resolution, 1199, eagle, eye, flexible, sky, balkan, resolute, tanzania, calm, diplomatic, observer, determined, falcon, show, auburn, endeavor, relocation, uranium, fuel, tbilisi, georgia, phoenix, scorpion, weapons, inspectors, effort, windhoek, namibia, assured, liberian, cease, fire, deliberate, bosnian, serb, nomad, vigil, predator, unmanned, aerial, vehicle, quick, reaction, croatia, shield, vigilant, warrior, iraqi, buildup, able, sentry, sabre, attached, preventive, activity, sharp, deny, hope, assisted, somali, comfort, kurdish, proven, situation, americans, kidnapped, steel, box, golden, python, chemical, delivery, transport, johnson, atoll, eldorado, canyon, usn, libya, retaliation, belle, disco, bridge, logistical, coordinated, treatment, identified, conus, remains, 241, killed, arid, farmer, chad, brigadier, dozier, iranian, 1981, hostages, 444, zaire, angola, nimrod, spar, 1975, cleared, suez, canal, night, reach, nickel, grass, jordan, supplies, congolese, refugees, 1965, belgian, paratroopers, positioned, island, deterrent, needed, cargo, million, tons, details, inception, moves, withdrawn, fall, element, 15th, lead, engaged, leaving, without, reactivated, poznań, knox, multi, shifted, usnorthcom, greenland, reduce, contributions, remaining, ordered, shifting, expected, never, effect, canceled, mark, esper, presidency, reorganized, establish, epoc, helped, stand, africom, nearby, kelley, through, bulgaria, intended, developed, apparently, facility, originally, planned, stresses, deployments, provision, replaced, known, mihail, kogălniceanu, airfield, constanţa, portion, portuguese, formed, until, disestablished, azores, immediately, washington, invoked, warning, skies, stepped, protect, interests, madrid, london, prompted, launch, 2007, continuing, algiers, casablanca, made, effective, presently, amendments, already, land, gave, kind, world, working, foster, cooperation, among, understanding, religion, chaplains, conference, competitors, denoted, flags, agreements, supranational, bodies, schengen, pesco, euler, diagram, supports, programs, balkans, lowered, state, bureau, sign, tensions, alert, meanwhile, primarily, collapsed, came, tearing, down, wall, level, arms, limitation, inf, 20s, iis, glcms, members, signed, conventional, cfe, nuclear, together, who, served, further, strengthened, led, activation, sub, colin, powell, act, formally, thus, islands, littoral, excluding, egypt, sudan, ethiopia, djibouti, ireland, late, ballistic, invaded, track, decision, step, deploying, glcm, launched, cruise, throughout, well, disaster, relief, traditional, example, independent, joined, again, shaba, stanleyville, mutiny, dragon, rouge, protection, concerns, targeted, kidnappings, assassinations, organizations, terror, munich, 1972, summer, olympics, kidnapping, athletes, palestinian, faction, prepare, series, exercises, crises, 1968, number, slowly, declined, fell, vietnam, czechoslovakia, reforger, disagreements, policies, stated, borders, come, afterward, must, leave, territory, merged, renovated, buildings, modernized, communications, infrastructure, heidelberg, mons, charles, gaulle, civil, broke, due, mounting, political, conflicts, see, contingency, blue, bat, request, stability, government, 148, twelve, months, duty, these, squadrons, augment, 112, reservists, bring, full, used, capabilities, german, renamed, operating, silk, purse, bundeswehr, shared, 1954, distance, prepared, framework, paris, camp, des, loges, just, eighth, point, dual, hatted, handy, unconventional, proposed, continue, recommended, giving, maximum, delegated, four, star, bad, tölz, bragg, wings, 136, doubled, warships, infantry, division, constabulary, regiments, five, mobilized, perceived, retirement, become, massive, reinforcements, deter, dwight, subsequently, expanded, southwest, asia, iran, need, address, wrought, demobilization, occupation, questions, arose, commitment, ussr, common, great, concern, especially, 1948, blocked, access, divided, city, unprecedented, respective, titles, line, creation, redesignated, maintained, directly, referred, single, etousa, 1942, usfet, then, focus, covers, territories, simultaneously, alliance, caucasus, square, miles, geospatial, reduction, logistics, systems, health, agencies, services, homeland, executive, flag, symbol, shoulder, sleeve, usa, holland, csm, enlisted, leader, usmc, robert, fulford, ltgen, nickname, size, type, founded, emblem, unsourced, material, challenged, jstor, scholar, books, newspapers, find, removed, adding, reliable, needs, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, permanent, what, here, talk, українська, türkçe, ไทย, svenska, shqip, slovenščina, русский, português, polski, bokmål, nynorsk, bahasa, melayu, 한국어, 日本語, italiano, עברית, français, suomi, فارسی, eesti, español, deutsch, тарашкевіца, azərbaycanca, العربية, top, personal, pages, recent, portal, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
ain menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history and significant operations toggle history and significant operations subsection 1 1 1950s 1 2 1960s 1 3 1970s 1 4 1980s 1 5 1990s 1 6 2000s 1 7 2020s 2 timeline toggle timeline subsection 2 1 operations 3 structure toggle structure subsection 3 1 service components 3 2 subordinate unified commands 3 3 additional supporting units 4 list of commanders 5 notes 6 references 7 external links toggle the table of contents united states european command 27 languages العربية azərbaycanca беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская deutsch español eesti فارسی suomi français עברית italiano 日本語 한국어 bahasa melayu norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski português русский slovenščina shqip svenska ไทย türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia u s military unified combatant command this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources united states european command news newspapers books scholar jstor march 2023 learn how and when to remove this message united states european command emblem of the united states european command founded 1 august 1952 1952 08 01 country united states type unified combatant command role geographic combatant command size 85 500 1 part of department of defense headquarters patch barracks stuttgart germany nickname eucom website official website commanders commander gen alexus g grynkewich usaf deputy commander ltgen robert c fulford usmc command senior enlisted leader csm thomas j holland usa insignia shoulder sleeve insignia nato map symbol 2 3 us european command headquarters flag military unit united states armed forces executive departments department of defense department of homeland security staff office of the secretary of defense joint chiefs of staff military departments department of the army department of the navy department of the air force military services united states army united states marine corps united states navy united states air force united states space force united states coast guard command structure unified combatant commands africa command central command european command indo pacific command northern command southern command cyber command space command special operations command strategic command transportation command combat support agencies defense contract management agency defense health agency defense information systems agency defense intelligence agency defense logistics agency defense threat reduction agency national geospatial intelligence agency national security agency central security service v t e the united states european command eucom is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the united states military headquartered in stuttgart germany its area of focus covers 21 000 000 square miles 54 000 000 km 2 and 51 countries and territories including europe the caucasus and russia 4 the commander of the united states eucom simultaneously serves as the supreme allied commander europe saceur within nato a military alliance during the gulf war and operation northern watch eucom controlled the forces flying from incirlik air base history and significant operations edit prior to 1952 the title european command eucom referred to a single service united states army command the senior u s army administrative command in the european region had previously been designated european theater of operations united states army etousa from 8 june 1942 1 july 1945 united states forces european theater usfet from 1 july 1945 15 march 1947 and then european command eucom 15 march 1947 1 august 1952 1950s edit the first unified command in the european area was established by the joint chiefs of staff on 1 august 1952 designated the u s european command useucom it was established to provide unified command and authority over all u s forces in europe 5 prior to 1 august 1952 the u s air force u s navy and u s army presence in europe maintained separate commands that reported directly to the joint chiefs of staff the respective titles of the service commands were commander in chief u s air forces in europe usafe commander in chief u s naval forces eastern atlantic and mediterranean and commander in chief u s european command in line with the creation of the joint service european command the army command in europe has redesignated u s army europe on 1 august 1952 the unified command structure was born of the need to address changes wrought not only by america s rapid post war demobilization but the end of the occupation of germany in 1949 questions arose over the u s commitment to the defense of western europe against the soviet union ussr providing for the common defense was a great concern especially after the berlin crisis of 1948 49 when the soviet union blocked access to the divided city and the u s and united kingdom responded with an unprecedented airlift in 1949 the allies established the north atlantic treaty organization nato in 1952 the area of responsibility included continental europe the united kingdom north africa and turkey the aor was subsequently expanded to include southwest asia as far east as iran and as far south as saudi arabia the eucom headquarters in the ig farben building frankfurt 1952 after the korean war began the perceived threat to europe grew in early 1951 nato established allied command europe general dwight d eisenhower was called from retirement to become the first supreme allied commander europe the united states sent massive reinforcements to europe to deter the soviet union from 1950 to 1953 united states military personnel in europe grew from 120 000 to over 400 000 united states air forces in europe grew from three groups with 35 000 personnel to eleven wings with 136 000 personnel sixth fleet in the mediterranean doubled to more than 40 warships united states army europe grew from one infantry division and three constabulary regiments to two corps with five divisions including two mobilized national guard divisions and in november 1950 activated a new field army seventh army at patch barracks stuttgart the army activated the 10th special forces group at fort bragg in 1952 and deployed it to bad tölz in november 1953 for unconventional warfare missions in the soviet bloc countries to provide for national command within nato and to help control this build up of forces gen eisenhower proposed a separate command for all united states forces in europe because the senior united states commander would continue as supreme allied commander europe eisenhower recommended giving a maximum of delegated authority to a four star deputy eisenhower returned to the united states just as the new command was established the first united states commander in chief europe uscinceur was general matthew ridgway former commander of eighth army and the far east command during the korean war his deputy was general thomas t handy commander of united states army europe at this point the position of uscinceur was dual hatted with supreme allied commander europe saceur headquarters eucom initially shared the i g farben building in frankfurt germany with headquarters united states army europe by 1953 over 400 000 u s troops were stationed in europe in 1954 the headquarters moved to camp des loges a french army base west of paris and a short distance from shape there eucom prepared plans for the defense of western europe within the nato framework against the soviet union and warsaw pact eucom used the military assistance program to help its nato partners build their military capabilities including after 1955 the german bundeswehr in 1955 eucom established a support operations command europe soon renamed support operations task force europe later special operations command europe for special operations missions in 1961 eucom began operating an airborne command post operation silk purse 1960s edit during the 1961 berlin crisis on 25 august 1961 the department of defense announced 148 000 reserve personnel would be called on 1 october for twelve months of active duty service 27 000 of these would be from air force reserve and air national guard flying squadrons and support units to augment the air force and 112 000 were u s army reserve many army reservists were sent to europe to bring ground combat units up to full strength civil war broke out in lebanon in 1958 due to mounting religious and political conflicts see 1958 lebanon crisis eucom conducted a major contingency operation operation blue bat in response to lebanon s request to restore stability within the government in 1966 following disagreements by the french with certain nato military policies president charles de gaulle stated that all forces within france s borders would have to come under french control by april 1969 soon afterward france announced that shape and its subordinate headquarters must leave french territory by april 1967 6 the following year shape moved to mons belgium while headquarters eucom moved to patch barracks in stuttgart germany headquarters seventh army moved to heidelberg where it merged with headquarters united states army europe at patch barracks eucom renovated the buildings built a new operations center and modernized communications infrastructure eucom continued to prepare for the defense of europe and began a series of annual reforger return of forces to germany exercises in 1967 cold war crises continued including the 1968 warsaw pact invasion of czechoslovakia but because of the vietnam war the number of the american forces in europe slowly declined troop strength in europe fell to 265 000 by 1970 1970s edit during the 1970s force protection concerns in europe increased as terrorist groups such as the red army faction and the red brigades targeted american facilities and personnel with bombings kidnappings and assassinations palestinian terrorist organizations conducted terror operations in europe such as the kidnapping of israeli athletes during the 1972 summer olympics in munich eucom and its components continued to provide military assistance throughout europe as well as humanitarian assistance disaster relief noncombatant evacuation support to peacekeeping operations and other non traditional missions in europe africa and the middle east for example after the congo became independent in 1960 eucom joined in several multinational operations in that country including peacekeeping humanitarian assistance and noncombatant evacuation in 1960 november 1964 operation dragon rouge the 1967 second stanleyville mutiny and again in 1978 during shaba ii in the middle east eucom provided military assistance to israel and noncombatant evacuation of american citizens in 1967 1973 and 1982 1984 in the late 1970s the soviet union deployed ss 20 intermediate range ballistic missiles into eastern europe and in 1979 invaded afghanistan nato responded with a two track decision to step up negotiations while deploying american intermediate range pershing ii missiles and ground launched cruise missiles glcm to counter soviet actions 1980s edit us army units in west germany 1987 during the 1980s american forces in europe increased to over 350 000 eucom established fleet marine force europe later marforeur in 1980 the 1983 unified command plan transferred responsibility for the middle east from eucom to a new combatant command u s central command centcom but eucom retained responsibility for israel lebanon and syria at the same time eucom was formally assigned responsibility for africa south of the sahara thus the area of responsibility became europe including the united kingdom and ireland the mediterranean sea including the islands and the mediterranean littoral excluding egypt sudan kenya ethiopia somalia and djibouti the goldwater nichols act of 1986 together with chairman of the joint chiefs of staff gen colin l powell who served from 1989 to 1993 further strengthened the role of combatant commanders goldwater nichols also established united states special operations command which led to the activation of a new sub unified command special operations command europe during the 1980s negotiations continued with the soviet union on strategic and theater level arms limitation in 1987 the intermediate range nuclear forces treaty inf treaty called an end to the deployment of ss 20s pershing iis and glcms in 1990 nato and warsaw pact members signed a treaty on conventional armed forces in europe cfe in 1989 the soviet union and other soviet bloc countries in eastern europe collapsed and the cold war came to an end the citizens from both east and west berlin began tearing down the berlin wall on 9 november 1989 1990s edit as a sign of reduced tensions in 1991 eucom took its airborne command post off alert meanwhile in 1991 eucom and its components provided forces primarily vii corps to centcom for operation desert storm eucom supports programs in former soviet bloc countries such as the joint contract team program nato partnership for peace and the national guard bureau state partnership program it was also active in operations in the balkans including bosnia macedonia and kosovo during this time eucom s assigned forces were lowered below 120 000 an euler diagram of european alliances partners and competitors denoted by their national flags 7 in eucom s area of responsibility the alliances and agreements include the following supranational bodies pesco schengen area eu and nato since 1990 eucom has hosted or co hosted the annual international military chiefs of chaplains conference the only one of its kind in the world working to foster cooperation among religious leaders and understanding of religion as both a force for war and a force for peace in 1999 changes to the command s area of responsibility were announced after amendments to the unified command plan the united states atlantic command areas that had included the waters off europe and the west coast of africa were to be transferred to european command 8 u s european command already had responsibility for all u s land and air military planning in europe and most of africa the change gave eucom the responsibility for maritime planning in the same general area of operations 2000s edit the changes were made effectiv...