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ents move to sidebar hide top 1 summary 2 united kingdom toggle united kingdom subsection 2 1 abolition 2 2 notable members 2 3 list of members 3 ireland toggle ireland subsection 3 1 list of members 3 1 1 dáil éireann 3 1 2 seanad éireann 4 other countries 5 see also 6 references toggle the table of contents university constituency 5 languages العربية deutsch español 한국어 svenska edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from university constituencies parliamentary constituency representing a university a university constituency is a constituency used in elections to a legislature that represents the members of one or more universities rather than residents of a geographical area these may or may not involve plural voting in which voters are eligible to vote in or as part of this entity and their home area s geographical constituency when james vi inherited the english throne in 1603 the system was adopted by the parliament of england the system was continued in the parliament of great britain from 1707 to 1800 and the united kingdom parliament until 1950 it was also used in the parliament of ireland in the kingdom of ireland from 1613 to 1800 and in the irish free state from 1922 to 1936 such constituencies have also existed in japan and in some countries of the british empire such as india at present there are four instances in two countries of university constituencies two in seanad éireann the upper and in general less powerful house of the legislature of the republic of ireland and two in the senate of rwanda summary edit constituency parliament years no of representatives cambridge university england 1603 1707 2 great britain 1707 1800 2 united kingdom 1801 1950 2 oxford university england 1603 1707 2 great britain 1707 1800 2 united kingdom 1801 1950 2 dublin university ireland 1613 1800 2 united kingdom of great britain and ireland 1801 1922 1 1801 1832 2 1832 1922 irish republic 1918 1922 2 1918 1921 4 1921 1922 southern ireland uk 1921 1922 4 irish free state 1922 1937 3 republic of ireland seanad éireann 1938 present 3 edinburgh and st andrews universities united kingdom 1868 1918 1 between glasgow and aberdeen universities united kingdom 1868 1918 1 between london university united kingdom 1868 1950 1 combined english universities united kingdom 1918 1950 2 between combined scottish universities united kingdom 1918 1950 3 between national university of ireland united kingdom 1918 1922 1 irish republic 1918 1922 1 1918 1921 4 1921 1922 southern ireland uk 1921 1922 4 irish free state 1922 1937 3 republic of ireland seanad éireann 1938 present 3 queen s university of belfast united kingdom 1918 1950 1 irish republic 1918 1921 1 university of wales united kingdom 1918 1950 1 queen s university of belfast ni northern ireland uk 1921 1969 4 irish republic 1921 1922 4 as shown at westminster in the english then successor british parliaments 4 seats were incepted in 1603 and the final total 12 were abolished in 1950 the northern irish body was the last in the uk to abolish such seats it abolished its four for queens belfast in 1969 six such seats continue in seanad éireann the upper chamber of the oireachtas legislature of the republic of ireland they are the sole directly elected members of the seanad with the remainder of the seats being elected by a combination of members of oireachtas incoming tds and outgoing senators and local councillors along with 11 members appointed by the taoiseach 1 united kingdom edit king james vi of scotland on ascending the english throne brought to the english parliament a practice of allowing the universities to elect members the king believed that the universities were often affected by the decisions of parliament and ought therefore to have representation in it james gave the university of cambridge and the university of oxford two seats each from 1603 the voters were the graduates of the university whether they were resident or not 2 they could vote for the university seats in addition to any other vote that they might have citation needed after the act of union 1800 with ireland the university of dublin trinity college which had elected two mps to the parliament of ireland since 1613 was allowed one member from 1801 and two from 1832 in 1868 three new one member seats were created university of london glasgow and aberdeen universities combined and st andrews and edinburgh universities combined in 1918 the queen s university of belfast and the national university of ireland each received seats both these as well as the university of dublin also received four seats in the devolved stormont parliament and the southern ireland parliament respectively that were established in 1920 and first used in elections in 1921 also in 1918 the scottish universities switched to all electing three members jointly see combined scottish universities in 1918 all the other english universities i e except for cambridge oxford and london were enfranchised as a single constituency with two seats as combined english universities they were birmingham bristol durham leeds liverpool manchester and sheffield reading was added in august 1928 the university of wales also received one seat in 1918 1918 also saw the introduction of the single transferable vote for university constituencies 3 abolition edit the labour government in 1930 attempted to abolish the university constituencies but was defeated in the house of commons although the members for the university constituencies were usually conservatives in the later years independent candidates began to win many of the seats the labour government finally abolished the university constituencies via the representation of the people act 1948 with effect from the dissolution of parliament in 1950 along with all other examples of plural voting 4 the queen s university belfast constituency survived in the parliament of northern ireland until it was abolished in 1968 with effect from the dissolution of parliament in 1969 by the electoral law act northern ireland 1968 c 20 n i 5 6 7 this was one of several measures by the then northern ireland prime minister terence o neill to reform elements of the election franchise and deal with many long standing civil rights grievances citation needed notable members edit the members for the university constituencies include many notable statesmen william pitt the younger and lord palmerston both served as mps for cambridge university and robert peel and william ewart gladstone each served as mp for oxford university for portions of their careers in his last years ramsay macdonald was mp for combined scottish universities after losing his previous seat in the 1935 general election many criticised this as he had previously sought to abolish the seats whilst labour prime minister and many now felt the seats were being used to provide a failed politician with a seat he could not find elsewhere the humorist and law reform activist a p herbert sat as an independent member for oxford university from 1935 to 1950 he described the counting of the votes at the 1935 election in a chapter entitled p r or standing for oxford in his 1936 book mild and bitter 8 list of members edit only members after 1885 are shown election members cambridge uni oxford uni london uni edinburgh st andrews uni glasgow aberdeen uni dublin uni 1885 raikes con hope con talbot con mowbray con lubbock lib lib u j macdonald con campbell con holmes con plunket con iua 1886 1887 b stokes con madden iua 1888 b darling con 1890 b pearson con 1891 b jebb con 1892 gorst con carson iua 1895 1895 b lecky lib u 1896 b priestley con 1899 b anson lib u con 1900 b foster lib u lib tuke con 1900 1903 b campbell iua 1906 butcher con rawlinson con magnus lib u con craik con jan 1910 cecil con finlay lib u con dec 1910 1911 b larmor con 1912 b 1914 b prothero con 1916 b johnston con 1917 b cheyne con samuels iua combined english uni uni of wales combined scottish uni queen s uni of belfast national uni of ireland woods ind con 1918 conway con fisher co lib nat lib lib j lewis co lib cowan lib cheyne con craik con whitla uup macneill sf 1919 b oman con jellett iua 1922 j butler ind lib russell wells con t lewis nat lib berry con abolished 1923 g butler con davies christ pacifist lab sinclair uup 1924 b 1924 graham little ind nat ind evans lib 1926 b withers con hopkinson con 1927 b buchan con 1929 wilson con rathbone ind 1931 craddock con skelton con 1934 b morrison lib nat lib 1935 b pickthorn con kerr con 1935 herbert ind 1936 b r macdonald nat lab 1937 b salter ind harvey ind prog 1938 b anderson nat ind 1940 b hill ind con savory uup 1943 b gruffydd lib 1945 b boyd orr ind 1945 harris ind lindsay ind 1946 b strauss con elliot con 1950 abolished ireland edit there are two university constituencies in seanad éireann with graduates of the dublin university and national university of ireland entitled to elect three senators each only graduates who are irish citizens are entitled to vote in these elections there is no residency requirement so those qualifying who are resident outside the state may vote elections are conducted under the single transferable vote and by postal ballot 9 when the irish free state seceded from the uk in 1922 its new lower house of parliament the free state dáil had three seats each for the two university constituencies however under the electoral act 1923 voters registered in a university constituency were not permitted to also vote in a geographical one both university constituencies were ultimately abolished by the constitution amendment no 23 act 1936 and the electoral university constituencies act 1936 which took effect on the dissolution of the dáil in 1937 these two constituencies were recreated in seanad éireann under the constitution of ireland adopted in 1937 with the first seanad election in 1938 10 some politicians have called for university representation to be abolished on the ground that it is unacceptable that possession of a degree should confer greater electoral rights than those available to other voters an example of this view can be found in the green party submission on seanad reform in 2004 11 list of members edit a cell marked has a different colour background to the preceding cell and denotes an incumbent who defected or won a re election for another party dáil éireann edit independent unionist sinn féin ulster unionist cumann na ngaedheal independent fianna fáil ceann comhairle constituency 1918 19 1921 1922 1923 23 jun 1927 sep 1927 1932 1933 33 36 queen s university of belfast whitla campbell not represented in irish free state dáils robb not represented in irish free state dáils johnstone not represented in irish free state dáils morrison not represented in irish free state dáils dublin university woods alton samuels jellett craig rowlette thrift fitzgibbon national university of ireland macneill mcgilligan english magennis clery tierney maguire hayes concannon stockley seanad éireann edit independent fianna fáil labour fine gael human dignity alliance constituency 1938 1943 1944 47 1948 1951 52 53 1954 1957 60 1961 1965 1969 70 1973 1977 79 1981 1982 1983 1987 1989 1993 1997 2002 2007 09 2011 2016 18 2020 dublin university alton kingsmill moore bigger budd jessop sheehy skeffington j ross sheehy skeffington west s ross barrett ruane rowlette johnston stanford robinson hederman henry bacik johnston fearon jessop browne c c o brien mcguinness west mcguinness norris national university of ireland barniville ó conalláin horgan hussey dooge o toole crown mcdowell tierney m j ryan g o brien alton martin l ryan b ryan lee b ryan mullen concannon cunningham mchugh quinlan murphy m d higgins murphy quinn a m higgins other countries edit australia the electoral district of university of sydney returned one member of the new south wales legislative assembly between 1876 and 1880 it was abolished one year after the second member elected edmund barton took his seat graduates of the university of sydney wore academic gowns while voting 12 india india had university constituencies before independence but these were abolished with the adoption of the modern constitution of india nevertheless today the president of india has the authority to appoint not more than twelve scientists artists or other persons who have special knowledge in similar fields to the rajya sabha the upper house in the parliament of india currently the upper houses of the state legislatures in the six states that have them have graduates constituencies that elect one twelfth of their members each graduates constituency is defined geographically rather than by university graduates of any approved indian university may choose to register in the graduates constituency of their place of residence instead of registering in the ordinary constituency citation needed rwanda two members of the senate of rwanda are elected by the staff of universities citation needed sweden the non theological faculties at the universities of uppsala and lund as well as the royal swedish academy of sciences had the right to send two members to the estate of the clergy in the riksdag of the estates from 1828 to its abolition in 1866 13 thirteen colonies the college of william mary held a seat in the house of burgesses of the virginia colony in 1693 and was supported by taxes on tobacco and furs this seat was revoked after the house of burgesses became the house of delegates of the commonwealth of virginia within the newly independent united states of america 14 bavaria from 1946 to 1999 the bavarian upper house the bavarian senate had reserved three seats to universities and colleges see also edit category members of the parliament of the united kingdom for university constituencies functional constituency references edit seanad citizens information ratcliffe mike the history of university representation wonkhe wonkhe ltd retrieved 7 august 2021 the history of university representation wonkhe 28 january 2015 retrieved 7 august 2021 registrar general 1954 the registrar general s statistical review of england and wales for the five years 1946 1950 london her majesty s stationery office p 175 electoral law act northern ireland 1968 legislation gov uk 28 november 1968 retrieved 19 january 2018 whitten lisa claire 2021 northern ireland and brexit an explanation pdf the constitution society archived pdf from the original on 1 november 2021 retrieved 17 july 2026 statutory legislation irish jurist 1966 3 2 408 412 1968 issn 0021 1273 herbert a p 1936 xv pr or standing for oxford mild and bitter london methuen ...