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urbanisation in india wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history toggle history subsection 1 1 modern india 2 causes of urbanisation in india 3 references 4 bibliography 5 external links toggle the table of contents urbanisation in india 3 languages العربية português සිංහල edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from urbanization in india this article needs to be updated please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information june 2016 level of urbanisation in india 2021 urbanisation in outskirts of kolkata urbanisation in india is the increase in the share of india s population living in cities and metropolitan areas the population residing in urban areas in india according to the 1901 census was 11 4 1 increasing to 28 53 by the 2001 census and stood at 35 69 in 2025 according to the world bank 2 according to a survey by the united nations in 2030 40 76 of country s population is expected to reside in urban areas 3 as per the world bank india along with china indonesia nigeria and the united states will lead the world s urban population surge by 2050 4 mumbai saw large scale rural urban migration in the 20th century in 2018 mumbai accommodated 22 1 million people and was the second largest metropolis by population in india delhi has 28 million inhabitants as per the 2011 census of india history edit navi mumbai is a planned city built to accommodate the growing urban population of mumbai post independence india faced high rates of poverty unemployment and a stagnant economy post independence india focused on the domain of science and technology 5 the mixed economy system was adopted resulting in the growth of the public sector in india crippling down the development of indian economy leading to what is popularly known as hindu rate of growth 6 the south asian region though predominantly rural accounting for 69 9 rural population as of 2010 has recorded much higher annual growth of urban population india the leading country in south asia has shown an unprecedented increase in the urban population in the last few decades and its urban population has increased about 14 fold from 1901 to 2011 this growth is mainly uneven but not skewed and not concentrated to a single city of the country india shares most characteristic features of urbanisation in the developing countries where the rate of urbanisation is faster than the developed countries for instance in 1971 there were only about 150 cities whose population was more than one lakh now this figure has reached to 500 the urban population of india has increased from 25 85 million in 1901 to 377 11 million in 2011 7 urban population of india 1960 2025 year population of total 1960 79 932 899 17 92 1965 93 946 480 18 79 1970 110 162 257 19 76 1975 133 010 186 21 33 1980 160 953 420 23 10 1985 189 973 343 24 35 1990 222 374 415 25 55 1995 256 565 748 26 61 2000 293 168 849 27 67 2005 337 558 628 29 24 2010 383 721 793 30 93 2015 433 595 954 32 78 2020 487 702 168 34 93 2025 542 742 539 37 08 modern india edit map of the urban total population ratio of indian states as per the 2011 census since 1941 india has witnessed the rapid growth of its four largest metropolitan cities kolkata delhi mumbai and chennai 8 the growth of the public sector resulted in development of public transport roads water supply electricity and other infrastructure of urban areas as the percentage contribution of the secondary sector to india s gdp has increased the percentage contribution from the agricultural sector has declined it is estimated that the agricultural sector provides employment to 50 of the country s workforce but accounts for only 18 of the gdp 9 many farmers in different states of india are leaving farming primarily because of high input cost and low income from agriculture also the prolonged use of fertilizers chemicals and hybrid seeds has led to a decline in land fertility struggling to make a living many farmers have committed suicide maharashtra was the most urbanized major state in india till 1991 stood behind tamil nadu in 2001 and third after it in 2011 with kerala being second 10 with the urban total state population ratio however maharashtra s urban population of 41 million far exceeds that of tamil nadu which is at 27 million as per the 2001 census 11 the spatial distribution of large cities in india is uneven as out of 100 most populous cities in the country more than 50 are confined to only 5 states namely uttar pradesh maharashtra tamil nadu kerala and andhra pradesh the world bank estimated in 2011 that two thirds of india s gdp was generated in cities 12 in 2014 world bank projected that by 2030 india s top five cities would have economies comparable to middle income countries in 2014 13 the rapid expansion of indian cities has frequently led to the encroachment of natural ecosystems wetlands in indian cities such as lakes floodplains and marshes have faced significant degradation due to unplanned construction and infrastructure development 14 while these water bodies provide essential services like flood mitigation and groundwater recharge they are often missing from formal urban planning discourse causes of urbanisation in india edit the main causes of urbanisation in india are expansion in government services as a result of the second world war migration of people during the partition of india 15 16 17 industrial development in urban areas india s eleventh five year plan which targeted urbanisation as a means to accelerate economic development 18 economic opportunities including employment better opportunities for education infrastructure facilities in urban areas 19 growth of the private sector after 1990 20 land fragmentation some villages have been erased due to construction of roads highways dams and other infrastructure non profitability of farming references edit kamaldeo narain singh 1 january 1978 urban development in india abhinav publications isbn 978 81 7017 080 8 retrieved 13 june 2012 urban population of total population india world bank retrieved 29 september 2026 urbanization in india faster than rest of the world hindustan times 27 june 2007 archived from the original on 26 november 2011 retrieved 13 june 2012 victims of urbanization india indonesia and china rediff com 15 june 2012 retrieved 15 june 2012 n m khilnani 1993 socio political dimensions of modern india m d publications pvt ltd pp 96 isbn 978 81 85880 06 8 retrieved 15 june 2012 tr jain mukesh trehan ranju trehan indian economy and business environment for bba fk publications pp 250 isbn 978 81 87344 71 1 retrieved 15 june 2012 nandy s n urbanization in india past present and future consequences cite journal cite journal requires journal help viswambhar nath surinder k aggarwal 1 january 2007 urbanization urban development and metropolitan cities in india concept publishing company pp 3 isbn 978 81 8069 412 7 retrieved 15 june 2012 the economic survey 2017 18 pdf the times of india rural urban distribution of population pdf census of india press release retrieved 19 november 2013 urbanization pdf planning commission india retrieved 15 june 2012 urbanization in india world bank retrieved 20 may 2023 why the world should be watching india s fast growing cities world economic forum 18 january 2019 retrieved 20 may 2023 chandra amal 2 february 2026 why india s wetlands matter more than ever down to earth retrieved 17 march 2026 viswambhar nath surinder k aggarwal 1 january 2007 urbanization urban development and metropolitan cities in india concept publishing company p 6 isbn 978 81 8069 412 7 retrieved 13 june 2012 the indian and pakistan year book bennett coleman co 1951 retrieved 15 june 2012 jonathan m harris tufts university global development and environment institute 1 march 2001 a survey of sustainable development social and economic dimensions island press pp 142 isbn 978 1 55963 863 0 retrieved 15 june 2012 amitabh kundu trends and processes of urbanization in india iied p 1 ggkey nnaeqj0wftw retrieved 13 june 2012 pradhan rudra prakash does infrastructure play role in urbanization evidence from india indian journal of economics and business archived from the original on 6 december 2019 retrieved 7 january 2019 role of private sector in india s growth business news this week businessnewsthisweek com 8 february 2009 archived from the original on 6 july 2012 retrieved 21 june 2012 bibliography edit ballhatchet kenneth harrison john 1980 the city in south asia pre modern and modern curzon press isbn 9780391011298 external links edit urbanet urbanisation in india infographics v t e social issues in india economy communications famine farmers suicides labour land reforms debt bondage national pension system poverty bpl public distribution system remittances slums clearance social security standard of living street vendors transport universal basic income urbanisation unemployment widening income gap education literacy ragging environment conservation climate change manual scavenging natural disasters water supply and sanitation water disputes family cohabitation domestic violence dowry system family planning joint family infertility nuclear family polyandry polygyny children abortion child labour child marriage child prostitution child trafficking female foeticide female infanticide street children women acid attack bride burning devadasi dowry death eve teasing women s health feminism menstrual taboo prostitution rape sati sexism caste system caste politics caste related violence dalit reservation communalism proposed states and territories ethnic relations religious violence secularism separatist movements crime corruption groom kidnapping human trafficking illegal housing illegal immigration illegal mining organised crime terrorism vigilantism cybercrime health diabetes epidemics hiv aids leprosy malnutrition obesity suicide tuberculosis media censorship internet films about social issues freedom of expression social impact of indian television drama fake news other issues colourism feudalism gambling sexuality lgbt homosexuality hijra human rights prohibition superstitions disability police brutality v t e urbanisation in asia sovereign states afghanistan armenia azerbaijan bahrain bangladesh bhutan brunei cambodia china cyprus egypt georgia india indonesia iran iraq israel japan jordan kazakhstan north korea south korea kuwait kyrgyzstan laos lebanon malaysia maldives mongolia myanmar nepal oman pakistan palestine philippines qatar russia saudi arabia singapore sri lanka syria tajikistan thailand timor leste east timor turkey turkmenistan united arab emirates uzbekistan vietnam yemen states with limited recognition abkhazia northern cyprus south ossetia taiwan dependencies and other territories british indian ocean territory christmas island cocos keeling islands hong kong macau category asia portal retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title urbanisation_in_india oldid 1377615520 categories urbanisation in india society of india economy of india geography of india hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata wikipedia articles in need of updating from june 2016 all wikipedia articles in need of updating use dmy dates from february 2020 use indian english from may 2013 all wikipedia articles written in indian english cs1 errors missing periodical this page was last edited on 30 september 2026 at 05 04 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents urbanisation in india 3 languages add topic