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valanginian wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 stratigraphic definitions toggle stratigraphic definitions subsection 1 1 subdivision 2 climate 3 references toggle references subsection 3 1 literature 4 external links toggle the table of contents valanginian 33 languages afrikaans العربية asturianu bosanski català čeština deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español euskara فارسی français galego magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 қазақша 한국어 latina nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski português русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски svenska українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia second age of the early cretaceous valanginian 137 05 0 2 132 6 0 6 ma preꞓ ꞓ o s d c p t j k pg n chronology 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 mesozoic c z j cretaceous p g l j early late p c tithonian berriasian valanginian hauterivian barremian aptian albian cenomanian turonian coniacian santonian campanian maastrichtian danian k pg mass extinction subdivision of the cretaceous according to the ics as of 2024 1 vertical axis scale millions of years ago etymology name formality formal usage information celestial body earth regional usage global ics time scale s used ics time scale definition chronological unit age stratigraphic unit stage time span formality formal lower boundary definition fad of thurmanniceras pertransiens ammonite 2 lower boundary gssp montbrun les bains drôme france 44 12 11 n 5 25 03 e 44 2031 n 5 4175 e 44 2031 5 4175 lower gssp ratified december 2024 3 upper boundary definition fad of the ammonite genus acanthodiscus upper boundary gssp la charce drôme france 44 28 10 n 5 26 37 e 44 4694 n 5 4437 e 44 4694 5 4437 upper gssp ratified december 2019 4 in the geologic timescale the valanginian is an age or stage of the early or lower cretaceous it spans between 137 05 0 2 ma and 132 6 0 2 ma million years ago 5 the valanginian stage succeeds the berriasian stage of the lower cretaceous and precedes the hauterivian stage of the lower cretaceous 6 stratigraphic definitions edit the valanginian was first described and named by édouard desor in 1853 it is named after valangin a small town north of neuchâtel in the jura mountains of switzerland the base of the valanginian is at the first appearance of ammonite species thurmanniceras pertransiens 2 with a global reference section a gssp appointed in december 2024 3 the top of the valanginian the base of the hauterivian is at the first appearance of the ammonite genus acanthodiscus citation needed subdivision edit the valanginian is often subdivided in lower and upper substages the upper substage begins at the first appearance of ammonite species saynoceras verrucosum and the major marine transgression va3 in the tethys domain the valanginian stage contains five ammonite biozones zone of criosarasinella furcillata zone of neocomites peregrinus zone of saynoceras verrucosum zone of busnardoites campylotoxus zone of tirnovella pertransiens citation needed climate edit the valanginian saw several episodes of significant environmental changes the potential causes of these changes came from the formation and volcanic activity from the paraná etendeka traps large igneous provinces lips located in south america and africa the main difficulty of confirming the cause of these environmental changes and the role of volcanism is due to difficulties in dating when things occurred the volcanism that occurred released large amounts of mercury into the atmosphere which disrupted the carbon cycle disrupting ratios of mercury compared to iron organic matter and phyllosilicates it also enriched the surrounding sediments the highest periods of mercury enrichment was during the weissert episode a sudden warming of the planet where humidity was high 7 the effect that the eruptions had on the biosphere of earth had different effects with marine life most severely impacted the increase weatherability of basalts produced from large igneous provinces enhanced global silicate weathering causing nutrient runoff into the oceans 8 the terrestrial ecosystem were less severely impacts and even potentially benefited from the eruptions the warm and humid conditions brought by the traps lead to the development of widespread vegetation covers this allowed for the evolution of herbivorous life and brought favorable conditions for the evolution of flowering plants 7 references edit international chronostratigraphic chart pdf international commission on stratigraphy december 2024 retrieved october 23 2025 1 2 gssp of the valanginian stage subcommission on cretaceous stratigraphy international commission on stratigraphy retrieved 22 october 2025 1 2 valanginian gssp ratified by iugs subcommission on cretaceous stratigraphy international commission on stratigraphy retrieved 23 october 2025 mutterlose jörg rawson peter reboulet stéphane baudin françois bulot luc emmanuel laurent gardin silvia martinez mathieu renard maurice september 2020 the global boundary stratotype section and point gssp for the base of the hauterivian stage lower cretaceous la charce southeast france episodes 44 2 129 150 doi 10 18814 epiiugs 2020 020072 retrieved 24 december 2020 cohen k m finney s c gibbard p l fan j x 2013 updated the ics international chronostratigraphic chart episodes 36 199 204 see gradstein et al 2004 for a detailed geologic timescale 1 2 charbonnier guillaume morales chloé duchamp alphonse stéphanie westermann stéphane adatte thierry föllmi karl b 2017 01 20 mercury enrichment indicates volcanic triggering of valanginian environmental change scientific reports 7 1 40808 bibcode 2017natsr 740808c doi 10 1038 srep40808 issn 2045 2322 pmc 5247756 l m e percival e ownsworth s a robinson d selby s goderis p claeys valanginian climate cooling and environmental change driven by paraná etendeka basalt erosion geology 2023 51 8 753 757 doi https doi org 10 1130 g51202 1 literature edit gradstein f m ogg j g smith a g 2004 a geologic time scale 2004 cambridge university press external links edit geowhen database valanginian mid cretaceous timescale and ühttp stratigraphy science purdue edu charts timeslices 5_jurcret pdf jurassic cretaceous timescale at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ics stratigraphic chart of the lower cretaceous at the website of norges network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy v t e cretaceous period lower early cretaceous upper late cretaceous berriasian valanginian hauterivian barremian aptian albian cenomanian turonian coniacian santonian campanian maastrichtian v t e geological history of earth cenozoic era present 66 0 ma quaternary present 2 58 ma holocene present 11 7 ka pleistocene 11 7 ka 2 58 ma neogene 2 58 23 0 ma pliocene 2 59 5 33 ma miocene 5 33 23 0 ma paleogene 23 0 66 0 ma oligocene 23 0 33 9 ma eocene 33 9 56 0 ma paleocene 56 0 66 0 ma mesozoic era 66 0 252 ma cretaceous 66 0 145 ma late 66 0 100 ma early 100 145 ma jurassic 145 201 ma late 145 164 ma middle 164 174 ma early 174 201 ma triassic 201 252 ma late 201 237 ma middle 237 247 ma early 247 252 ma paleozoic era 252 539 ma permian 252 299 ma lopingian 252 260 ma guadalupian 260 272 ma cisuralian 272 299 ma carboniferous 299 359 ma pennsylvanian 299 323 ma mississippian 323 359 ma devonian 359 419 ma late 359 383 ma middle 383 393 ma early 393 419 ma silurian 419 444 ma pridoli 419 423 ma ludlow 423 427 ma wenlock 427 433 ma llandovery 433 444 ma ordovician 444 485 ma late 444 458 ma middle 458 470 ma early 470 485 ma cambrian 485 539 ma furongian 485 497 ma miaolingian 497 509 ma series 2 509 521 ma terreneuvian 521 539 ma proterozoic eon 539 ma 2 5 ga neoproterozoic 539 ma 1 ga ediacaran 539 635 ma cryogenian 635 720 ma tonian 720 ma 1 ga mesoproterozoic 1 1 6 ga stenian 1 1 2 ga ectasian 1 2 1 4 ga calymmian 1 4 1 6 ga paleoproterozoic 1 6 2 5 ga statherian 1 6 1 8 ga orosirian 1 8 2 05 ga rhyacian 2 05 2 3 ga siderian 2 3 2 5 ga archean eon 2 5 4 ga neoarchean 2 5 2 8 ga mesoarchean 2 8 3 2 ga paleoarchean 3 2 3 6 ga eoarchean 3 6 4 ga hadean eon 4 4 6 ga ka kiloannum thousand years ago ma megaannum million years ago ga gigaannum billion years ago see also geologic time scale geology portal world portal retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title valanginian oldid 1369645151 categories valanginian early cretaceous geological ages cretaceous geochronology hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages using gadget wikiminiatlas all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from february 2024 this page was last edited on 16 august 2026 at 06 40 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents valanginian 33 languages add topic