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cle talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia one of eighteen major puranas vayu purana information religion hinduism author vyasa language sanskrit period 4th 5th century ce verses 12 000 part of a series on hindu scriptures and texts shruti smriti list vedas rigveda samaveda yajurveda atharvaveda divisions samhita brahmana aranyaka upanishads upanishads rig vedic aitareya kaushitaki sama vedic chandogya kena yajur vedic brihadaranyaka isha taittiriya katha shvetashvatara maitri atharva vedic mundaka mandukya prashna other scriptures agamas bhagavad gita tantras related hindu texts vedangas shiksha chandas vyakarana nirukta kalpa jyotisha puranas brahma puranas brahma brahmānda markandeya bhavishya vaishnava puranas vishnu bhagavata naradiya garuda padma varaha brahmavaivarta agni matsya shaiva puranas shiva linga skanda vayu kurma vamana shakta puranas devi kalika devi bhagavata mahabhagavata itihasa ramayana historicity mahabharata historicity sangam literature saiva tirumurai divya prabandham tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai thiruppugazh tirukkuṟaḷ kamba ramayanam five great epics eighteen greater texts eighteen lesser texts aathichoodi iraiyanar akapporul abhirami anthadhi thiruvilaiyadal puranam vinayagar agaval shastras and sutras dharma shastra manusmriti yajnavalkya smriti nāradasmṛti vishnu smriti artha shastra kamasutra brahma sutras samkhya sutras mimamsa sutras nyāya sūtras vaiśeṣika sūtra yoga sutras pramana sutras charaka samhita sushruta samhita natya shastra vastu shastra panchatantra divya prabandha tirumurai ramcharitmanas yoga vasistha swara yoga shiva samhita gheranda samhita panchadasi vedantasara stotra timeline timeline of hindu texts v t e the vayu purana sanskrit वायुपुराण vāyu purāṇa is a sanskrit text and one of the eighteen major puranas of hinduism 1 2 3 vayu purana is mentioned in the manuscripts of the mahabharata and other hindu texts which has led scholars to propose that the text is among the oldest in the puranic genre 4 5 6 vayu and vayaviya puranas do share a large overlap in their structure and contents possibly because they once were the same but with continuous revisions over the centuries the original text became two different texts and the vayaviya text came also to be known as the brahmanda purana 7 the vayu purana according to the tradition and verses in other puranas contains 24 000 verses shlokas 8 however the surviving manuscripts have about 12 000 verses 9 the text was continuously revised over the centuries and its extant manuscripts are very different 10 some manuscripts have four padas parts with 112 chapters and some two khandas with 111 chapters 10 comparisons of the diverse manuscripts suggest that the following sections were slipped in later centuries into the more ancient vayu purana chapters on geography and temples related travel guides known as mahatmya 11 two chapters on varnas and individual ashramas three chapters on dharma and penances eleven chapters on purity and sanskara rite of passage and a chapter on hell in after life 12 the text is notable for the numerous references to it in medieval era indian literature 13 likely links to inscriptions such as those found on the mathura pillar and dated to 380 ce 14 as well as being a source for carvings and reliefs such as those at the elephanta caves a unesco world heritage site 15 history edit the vayu purana is mentioned in chapter 3 191 of the mahabharata and section 1 7 of the harivamsa suggesting that the text existed in the first half of the 1st millennium ce 4 5 the 7th century 16 sanskrit prose writer banabhatta refers to this work in his kadambari and harshacharita in chapter 3 of the harshacharita banabhatta remarks that the vayu purana was read out to him in his native village 17 18 alberuni 973 1048 the persian scholar who visited and lived in northwest indian subcontinent for many years in early 11th century quoted from the version of vayu purana that existed during his visit 19 the various mentions of the vayu purana in other texts have led scholars to recognize it as one of the oldest 4 the early 20th century scholar dikshitar known for his dating proposals that push many texts as very ancient and well into 1st millennium bce stated that the vayu purana started to take shape around 350 bce 4 later scholarship has proposed that the earliest version of the text is likely from the 300 to 500 ce period and broadly agreed that it is among the oldest puranas 4 20 the text like all puranas has likely gone through revisions additions and interpolations over its history rajendra hazra as well as other scholars for example consider gaya mahatmya which is an embedded travel guide to gaya as a later addition the gaya mahatmya replaced older sections of the vayu purana sometime before the 15th century 21 22 vayu purana like all puranas has a complicated chronology dimmitt and van buitenen state that each of the puranas is encyclopedic in style and it is difficult to ascertain when where why and by whom these were written 23 as they exist today the puranas are stratified literature each titled work consists of material that has grown by numerous accretions in successive historical eras thus no purana has a single date of composition it is as if they were libraries to which new volumes have been continuously added not necessarily at the end of the shelf but randomly cornelia dimmitt and j a b van buitenen classical hindu mythology a reader in the sanskrit puranas 23 editions and translations edit the asiatic society calcutta published this text in two volumes in 1880 and 1888 as a part of their bibliotheca indica series it was edited by rajendralal mitra the venkateshvara press bombay edition was published in 1895 it was followed by the publication of another edition by the anandashrama anandashrama sanskrit series 49 poona in 1910 the vangavasi press calcutta published an edition along with a bengali translation by panchanan tarkaratna the editor of the text 13 in 1960 motilal banarsidass published an english translation as part of its ancient indian traditions and mythology series 24 contents edit the yogin the yogin possesses these attributes self restraint quiescence truthfulness sinlessness silence straightforwardness towards all knowledge beyond simple perception uprightness composed in mind absorbed in the brahman delighting in the atman alert and pure such are the ones who master yoga vayu purana 16 22 16 23 25 the vayu purana exists in many versions structured in different ways for example in the anandashrama and vangavasi editions this text is divided into four padas parts prakriya pada chapters 1 6 anushanga pada chapters 7 64 upodghata pada chapter 65 99 and upasamhara pada chapters 100 112 the gayamahatmya chapters 105 112 in these editions praising the gaya tirtha in magadha is not found in all the manuscripts of this work and also found separately as an independent work 17 in the asiatic society and venkateshvara press editions this text is divided into two parts prathamakhanda comprising 61 chapters and dvitiyakhanda comprising 50 chapters the chapters 1 6 of prathamakhanda are titled prakriya pada and no title is provided for the chapters 7 61 the chapters 1 42 of dvitiyakhanda are titled anushanga pada and the chapters 43 50 are the gayamahatmya 13 the vayu purana discusses its theories of cosmology genealogy of gods and kings of solar and lunar dynasties mythology geography manvantaras the solar system and the movements of the celestial bodies 17 in addition to these the text has chapters which were inserted in the later centuries into the older version of the vayu purana such as chapters 16 17 which discuss duties of the varna caste or class and duties of a person during various ashrama chapter 18 which discusses penances for sannyasi monks yati chapters 57 59 on dharma chapters 73 to 83 on sanskaras rites of passage and chapter 101 on the theory of hell in after life 12 the text shares a large number of verses with the brahmanda purana and the two texts originated most likely from the same core text 10 the comparison of the two texts and specifics within the texts suggests states hazra that the split into two texts could not have happened before 400 ce 12 the chapters which were slipped into the vayu purana are missing in many versions of vayu and in brahmananda manuscripts chapter 18 on penances for those in monastic life was likely inserted before the 14th century 26 the travel guide to gaya bihar was likely inserted before the 15th century because the gaya mahatmya was referenced many times by the 15th century vacaspatimisra not to be confused with 9th century advaita scholar of the same name 22 the text also contains chapters on music 27 various shakhas of the vedas pashupata yoga and geographic mahatmya travel guides particularly about gaya in bihar 13 the vayu purana also features other topics such as those dealing with construction of mountain top hindu temples 28 the revakhanda of vayu purana since 1910 has been wrongly attributed to the skanda purana says juergen neuss but he adds that the manuscripts attest the revakhanda containing 232 chapters belongs to the vayu purana and was wrongly included in the skanda purana by veṅkateśvara steam press in 1910 and all publications of the skanda after it the one belonging to the skanda purana has 116 chapters 29 references edit swami bhaskarananda the essentials of hinduism 1994 the vedanta society of western washington p 18 swami harshananda a concise encyclopaedia of hinduism anna l dallapiccola dictionary of hindu lore and legend 2002 thames hudson ltd london p 158 1 2 3 4 5 rocher 1986 p 245 1 2 winternitz 1922 p 13 rocher 1986 pp 31 33 rocher 1986 p 244 winternitz 1922 p 14 wilson 1864 p xxxix 1 2 3 rocher 1986 pp 243 244 glucklich 2008 p 146 quote the earliest promotional works aimed at tourists from that era were called mahatmyas 1 2 3 hazra 1940 p 15 1 2 3 4 rocher 1986 pp 243 245 mark s g dyczkowski 1988 the canon of the saivagama and the kubjika tantras of the western kaula tradition state university of new york press pp 144 with notes 87 88 isbn 978 0 88706 494 4 collins 1988 p 37 49 149 150 banabhatta encyclopædia britannica 2012 1 2 3 hazra r c 1962 the puranas in s radhakrishnan ed the cultural heritage of india vol ii calcutta the ramakrishna mission institute of culture isbn 81 85843 03 1 pp 253 5 winternitz 1922 p 13 with footnote 10 winternitz 1922 p 13 with footnote 11 collins 1988 p 36 gietz 1992 p 548 with note 3015 1 2 hazra 1940 p 17 1 2 dimmitt van buitenen 2012 p 5 tagare g v and shastri j l ed 1960 the vāyu purāṇa 2 volumes delhi motilal banarsidass isbn 9788120803329 tagare g v 1987 vayu purana part 1 motilal banarsidass isbn 978 8120803329 page 112 hazra 1940 p 16 tagare g v vayu purana vol 2 pages 666 671 kramrisch 1976 p 169 with footnote 97 volume 1 jurgen neuss oliver hellwig revakhanda of the vayupurana bibliography edit gregory bailey 2003 arvind sharma ed the study of hinduism university of south carolina press isbn 978 1 57003 449 7 collins charles dillard 1988 the iconography and ritual of siva at elephanta on life illumination and being suny press isbn 978 0 88706 773 0 dalal rosen 2014 hinduism an alphabetical guide penguin isbn 978 8184752779 dimmitt cornelia van buitenen j a b 2012 classical hindu mythology a reader in the sanskrit puranas temple university press 1st edition 1977 isbn 978 1 4399 0464 0 gietz k p et al 1992 epic and puranic bibliography up to 1985 annoted and with indexes part i a r part ii s z indexes otto harrassowitz verlag isbn 978 3 447 03028 1 glucklich ariel 2008 the strides of vishnu hindu culture in historical perspective hindu culture in historical perspective oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 971825 2 gonda jan ed 1986 a history of indian literature vol ii epics and sanskrit religious literature fasc 3 wiesbaden otto harrassowitz verlag isbn 978 3447025225 hazra rajendra chandra 1940 studies in the puranic records on hindu rites and customs motilal banarsidass 1987 reprint isbn 978 81 208 0422 7 cite book isbn date incompatibility help kramrisch stella 1976 the hindu temple volume 1 2 motilal banarsidass isbn 81 208 0223 3 rocher ludo the puranas in gonda 1986 wilson h h 1864 the vishnu purana a system of hindu mythology and tradition volume 1 introduction book i read country books reprinted in 2006 isbn 1 84664 664 2 cite book isbn date incompatibility help winternitz maurice 1922 history of indian literature vol 1 original in german translated into english by vs sarma 1981 new delhi motilal banarsidass reprint 2010 isbn 978 8120802643 cite book isbn date incompatibility help external links edit vayu purana english translation by g v tagare part 1 vayu purana english translation by g v tagare part 2 v t e puranas mahapurana brahma brahmanda brahma vaivarta markendeya bhavishya vamana vishnu bhagavata naradiya garuda padma varaha vayu linga skanda agni matsya kurma shiva upapurana brihaddharma sanat kumara purana ganesha kalki kalika kapila mudgala narasimha samba saura shivarahasya vishnudharmottara v t e hinduism topics glossary index timeline philosophy concepts brahman om ishvara atman maya karma saṃsāra puruṣārthas dharma artha kama moksha niti ahimsa asteya aparigraha brahmacharya satya dāna damah dayā akrodha schools āstika samkhya yoga nyaya vaisheshika mīmāṃsā vedanta svābhāvika bhedābheda dvaita advaita vishishtadvaita nāstika charvaka texts classification śruti smṛti vedas rigveda yajurveda samaveda atharvaveda divisions samhita brahmana aranyaka upanishads aitareya kaushitaki brihadaranyaka isha taittiriya katha maitrayaniya shvetashvatara chandogya kena mundaka mandukya prashna upavedas ayurveda dhanurveda natyaveda sthapatyaveda vedanga shiksha chandas vyākaraṇa nirukta kalpa jyotisha other bhagavad gita agamas itihasas ramayana mahabharata puranas minor upanishads arthashastra nitisara dharmaśāstra manusmriti nāradasmṛti yājñavalkya smṛti sutras stotras subhashita tantras yoga vasistha yoga sutras of patanjali sangam literature tirumurai divya prabandham tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai thiruppugal thirukkural kamba ramayanam five great epics eighteen greater texts eighteen lesser texts athichudi iraiyanar akapporul abhirami antati thiruvilaiyadal puranam vinayagar agaval vedarthasamgraha deities gods trimurti brahma vishnu shiva agni dattatreya ganesha hanuman indra kartikeya krishna rama surya varuna vayu more goddesses tridevi saraswati lakshmi parvati bhumi durga kali mahavidya matrika radha rukmini sati shakti shashthi sita more practices worship temple murti puja bhakti japa bhajan naivedhya yajna homa tapas dhyāna tirthatana...