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the (155), #vidyapati (88), and (82), his (49), was (36), songs (35), with (28), from (26), love (25), edit (24), sanskrit (21), mithila (20), maithili (19), shiva (15), for (14), script (13), sivasimha (13), language (12), were (12), that (12), king (12), this (11), poet (11), literature (11), works (11), krishna (11), him (11), also (11), court (11), about (10), indian (10), century (10), history (10), known (10), wikipedia (9), bengali (9), devanagari (9), life (9), articles (8), links (8), hindi (8), political (8), village (8), 978 (8), isbn (8), have (8), banauli (8), these (8), her (8), all (7), retrieved (7), india (7), praise (7), composed (7), dih (7), after (7), influence (7), devotional (7), poets (6), literary (6), its (6), like (6), been (6), are (6), there (6), but (6), brajabuli (6), languages (5), toggle (5), view (5), page (5), nepali (5), written (5), english (5), 2025 (5), pankaj (5), jha (5), press (5), poems (5), has (5), bihar (5), during (5), early (5), not (5), 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mithila vidyapati returned to serve padmasimha at padma village the capital of the king padmasimha and continue writing primarily treatises on law and devotional manuals 12 17 entry gate named vidyapati pravesh dwar in the honor of the poet vidyapati at banauli village near janakpur city at about 1430 or earlier he is known to have returned to his village bisapi 12 he often visited its temple of shiva 12 he is recorded as having two wives three sons and four daughters political career edit the independence of the kings vidyapati worked for was often threatened by incursions by muslim sultans the kīrttilatā makes reference to an incident where the oiniwar king raja gaṇeśvara was killed by the turkish commander malik arsalan in 1371 by 1401 vidyapati requested the help of the jaunpur sultan in overthrowing arsalan and installing gaṇeśvara s sons vīrasiṃha and kīrttisiṃha on the throne with the sultan s assistance arsalan was deposed and kīrttisiṃha the oldest son became the ruler of mithila 5 the conflicts of his time are evident in his works in his early praise poem kīrttilatā he slyly criticises his patron for his perceived deference to muslims 12 love songs edit while working under his second patron devasimha and especially under his successor sivasimha vidyapati started composing maithili songs of the love of radha and krishna he seems to have only composed love songs between 1380 and 1406 though he kept writing until near his death in 1448 12 he seems to have ceased writing love songs after his patron and friend sivasimha went missing in a battle and his court had to go into exile 12 these songs which would eventually number five hundred broke with convention they were written in vernacular maithili as songs not as formal poems in literary sanskrit as was done before until vidyapati maithili wasn t employed as a literary medium he applied the tradition of sanskrit love poetry to the simple musical and direct maithili language 12 his inheritance from the sanskrit tradition include its repertory of standard images to describe beauty eyes large and tender like a doe s and standard settings to invoke certain moods and feelings spring with its increasing heat as an analogy for rising passion 12 vidyapati also drew from the beauty of his home in madhubani forest of honey with its mango groves rice fields sugar cane and lotus ponds 12 in the tradition of jayadeva s gita govinda vidyapati s songs were simultaneously praises of love making and praises of krishna praise of krishna involved praise of love making 12 the intensity and poetic virtuosity of the songs were integral to these songs function as a way to directly worship god and earn spiritual merit 12 vidyapati s continuation of jayadeva s program in a different language earned him the title the new jayadeva 12 his work did differ from his predecessor s in two ways his songs were independent from one another unlike the gita govinda which comprises twelve cantos telling an overarching story of the couple s separation and reunion 12 while jayadeva wrote from krishna s perspective vidyapati preferred radha s her career as a young girl her slowly awakening youth her physical charm her shyness doubts and hesitations her naive innocence her need for love her surrender to rapture her utter anguish when neglected all of these are described from a woman s point of view and with matchless tenderness 12 these songs frequently mention the queens of king sivasimha an indicator that they were meant to be enjoyed by the court 12 at times his poems identify krishna with king sivasimha and radha with the king s chief queen lakhima devi 12 they were sung by a court singer jayati who sent the songs to music 12 they were learned by dancing girls and eventually spread out of the court 12 his love songs have been collected into the padāvalī probably not by vidyapati himself 10 6 devotional songs edit though he wrote hundreds of love songs about the romance of radha and krishna he was not a special devotee of krishna or vishnu 12 instead he lavished attention on shiva and durga but also wrote songs about vishnu and ganga 12 he is particularly known for his songs of the love of shiva and parvati and prayers for shiva as the supreme brahman a song titled all my inhibition all my inhibition left me in a flash when he robbed me off my clothes but his body became my new dress like a bee hovering on a lotus leaf he was there in my night on me 2 shiva and parvati hymns vidyapati s deep devotion to lord shiva is evident in his compositions that explore the divine relationship between shiva and parvati these works are characterised by their poetic elegance and spiritual depth reflecting the poet s reverence for the divine couple gosaunik geet jai jai bhairavi among vidyapati s notable devotional songs is jai jai bhairavi a gosaunik geet dedicated to goddess bhairavi this composition is traditionally sung during auspicious ceremonies in the mithila region highlighting the poet s influence on regional devotional practices influence edit odia literature edit vidyapati s influence reached odisha through bengal the earliest composition in brajabuli an artificial literary language popularised by vidyapati is ascribed to ramananda raya the governor of godavari province of the king of odisha gajapati prataprudra dev he was an associate of chaitanya mahaprabhu he recited his brajabuli poems to chaitanya mahaprabhu when he first met him on the bank of river godavari at rajahmundry southern provincial capital of kingdom of odisha 18 bengali literature edit bengali vaishnavas like chitanya and chandidas adopted vidyapati s love songs about radha and krishna as vaishnava hymns 12 all major bengali poets of the medieval period were influenced by vidyapati as a result an artificial literary language known as brajabuli was developed in the sixteenth century brajabuli is basically maithili as prevalent during the medieval period but its forms are modified to look like bengali 19 the medieval bengali poets gobindadas kabiraj jnandas balaramdas and narottamdas composed their pada s poems in this language rabindranath tagore composed his bhanusingha thakurer padabali 1884 in a mix of western hindi braj bhasha and archaic bengali and named the language brajabuli as an imitation of vidyapati he initially promoted these lyrics as those of a newly discovered poet bhanusingha other 19th century figures in the bengal renaissance like bankim chandra chatterjee have also written in brajabuli tagore was much influenced by vidyapati he set the poet s bhara badara to his own tune citation needed legacy edit 1965 postage stamp postal stamp issued by the government of india in recognition of vidyapati vidyapati has been kept alive in popular memory over the past six centuries he is a household name in mithila 6 his love songs are sung at weddings in the region 12 many myths have arisen about him and people continue to sing his songs bidāpat nāch edit a form of folk dance drama street theatre bidāpat nāch where bidāpat is derived from vidyapati is performed in purnia district in north bihar 20 while several groups performed in multiple villages in that area in the 20th century there was just one group left in one village by 2012 6 20 in mythology edit vidyapati s life has been mythologised in different ways many of his admirers ascribe miracles to him and detail his interaction with the gods 13 among these stories is one which details that shiva came down to earth to speak with vidyapati after being impressed with his piety this incarnation of lord shiva is known as ugna ugna served as the servant of the poet vidyapati another story exists involving him and the goddess ganga 6 13 when his death was imminent he decided to go to the river ganga but was too tired to continue just a few miles away he resolves that if his piety was pure the river would come to him 6 and so it happens 6 the goddess obliges and the river rises to let him take a final dip in holy waters 6 at some point in the past the town where this is believed to have happened was renamed vidyapati nagar town of vidyapati and a shiva temple called as vidyapati dham was built there 6 in popular culture edit pahari sanyal played vidyapati in the 1937 bengali film vidyapati which received a lot of appreciation the film starred prithviraj kapoor as king shiva singha of mithila 21 another film also titled vidyapati was made in 1964 by prahlad sharma starring bharat bhushan and simi garewal in the lead roles 3 in december 2018 darbhanga airport was renamed kavi kokil vidyapati airport 22 banauli vidyapati dih edit in the himalayan nation of nepal there is a historical dih named after him at banauli village of the mithila region it is known as banauli vidyapati dih the location of the historical dih has been declared as a tourist destination by the madhech pradesh provincial government of nepal it is also considered as the location of the court of king puraditya in the dronwara dynasty of the raj banauli in mithila 23 24 the sacred peepal tree at the banauli vidyapati dih works edit texts edit maṇimañjarīnāṭikā sanskrit tirahuta script a conventional romantic play nāṭikā 6 bhūparikramaṇa around the world sanskrit devanagari script a collection of eight prose stories set in different locales 6 kīrttilatā avahaṭṭha devanagari script a praise biography in verse detailing the victory of vidyapati s patron kirttisimha s over his rival malik arsalan composed in the sanskrit genre ākhyāyikā 6 puruṣaparīkṣā sanskrit devanagari script the purushapariksha is a treatise on political ethics and ideal masculinity composed broadly in the sanskrit kathā genre 6 gorakṣavijaya sanskrit prakrit and maithili mithilākṣara script a musical play about tantric saint gorakṣanātha rescuing his teacher matsyendran ātha from a worldly life back to the life of a yogi 6 kīrttipatākā avahaṭṭha tirahutā script a partially extant praise biography in verse for another of vidyapati s patrons sivasimha 6 harikeli avahaṭṭha tirahutā script a partially extant allegorical love play between krishna and the gopis with raya arjuna jagat simha a cousin of sivasimha as protagonist 6 likhanāvalī sanskrit devanagari script a manual for scribes with model letters business documents and affidavits 6 śaivasarvasvasāra sanskrit one manuscript in mithilākṣara script two in devanagari describes the significance and merits of worshipping shiva with proscribed rituals citing extensively from the puranas 6 gaṅgāvākyāvalī sanskrit a text glorifying the religious significance of ganga with citations from the puranas 6 vibhāgasāra sanskrit tirahuta script a dharmaśāstra focusing on property law with citations from many smritis 6 dānavākyāvalī sanskrit devanagari script a guide to types of ritual donations and their spiritual merits 6 durgābhaktitaraṅgiṇī sanskrit devanagari script a guide to the proper worship of durga especially during navaratri or in the month of asvin 6 gayāpattalaka sanskrit devanagari script a text about funerary rituals 6 varṣakṛtya sanskrit a text describing the festivals that are to be observed through the year probably the festivals that were observed in mithila at that time 6 padāvalī maithili tirahuta bangla devanagari scripts depending on version a compilation of vidyapati s songs in praise of krishna likely not put together by him 6 20 translations edit his works have been translated to several languages including english 10 vidyapati s love songs were translated into english as part of the unesco collection of representative works 12 notes edit 1 2 vidyapati at the encyclopædia britannica 1 2 vidyapati poetry allpoetry com 1 2 firoze rangoonwalla vishwanath das 1970 indian filmography silent hindi films 1897 1969 j udeshi jha pankaj 2019 vidyapati and mithila a political history of literature delhi oxford university press pp 3 36 doi 10 1093 oso 9780199489558 003 0001 isbn 978 0 19 948955 8 retrieved 17 march 2022 dead link 1 2 3 pankaj jha 20 november 2018 a political history of literature vidyapati and the fifteenth century oup india p 2 isbn 978 0 19 909535 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 jha pankaj 14 february 2019 vidyapati and mithila a political history of literature oxford university press pp 3 36 doi 10 1093 oso 9780199489558 003 0001 isbn 978 0 19 948955 8 retrieved 7 march 2021 रस्तोगी डॉ शिखा 2 july 2024 लोक साहित्य एवं लोक संस्कृति hindi for b a sem 6 according to nep 2020 in hindi sbpd publishing house isbn 978 81 19142 82 8 kumar arun 2018 grierson bhasha aur sahitya chintan in hindi vani prakashan isbn 978 93 87889 33 0 pāṇḍeya rāsabihārī 1986 bhojapurī bhāshā kā itihāsa in hindi loka sāhitya saṅgama 1 2 3 coomaraswamy ananda kentish 1915 vidyāpati bangīya padābali songs of the love of rādhā and krishna london the old bourne press thakur ripunjay kumar 1 march 2022 historical geography of early medieval mithila from videha to tirhut new archaeological genological society kanpur india issn 2348 8301 retrieved 21 august 2025 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 love songs of vidyāpati translated by bhattacharya deben london g allen unwin 1963 1 2 3 4 5 pankaj jha 20 november 2018 a political history of literature vidyapati and the fifteenth century oup india pp 4 7 isbn 978 0 19 909535 3 ṭhākura vidyāpati 1961 विद्यापति पदावली in hindi बिहार राष्टभाषा परिषद् जिनके घर महादेव करते थे चाकरी शिव पर पत्नी चलाती थी हुक्म उन्हीं को भुला दिया hindustan upendra thakur 1956 history of mithila mithila institute pp 320 322 choudhary radhakrishna 1976 a survey of maithili literature ram vilas sahu isbn 978 93 80538 36 5 mallik basanta kumar 2004 paradigms of dissent and protest social movements in eastern india c ad 1400 1700 manohar publishers distributors isbn 978 81 7304 522 6 majumdar ramesh chandra pusalker a d majumdar a k eds 1960 the history and culture of the indian people vol vi the delhi sultanate bombay bharatiya vidya bhavan p 515 during the sixteenth century a form of an artificial literary language became established it was the brajabulī dialect brajabulī is practically the maithilī speech as current in mithilā modified in its forms to look like bengali 1 2 3 woolford ian alister may 2012 renu village an ethnography of north indian fiction phd thesis the university of texas at austin chandra balakrishnan pali vijay kumar 100 years of bollywood vidyapati 1937 indiavideo org invis multimedia pvt ltd archived from the original on 11 august 2014 retrieved 23 july 2014 darbhanga mp meets pm modi demands renaming of airport hindustan times 12 august 2021 retrieved 1 march 2023 prasad pushpa 2001 credit system in mithila credit system in 15th century bihar based on likhanavali documents proceedings of the indian history congress 62 192 198 issn 2249 1937 jstor 44155761 lamsal dhruba 15 june 2022 मधेश प्रदेशको बजेट पुरानै कार्यक्रमलाई 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