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vira nirvana samvat wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 usage 3 jain calendar 4 see also 5 references toggle references subsection 5 1 citations 5 2 sources toggle the table of contents vira nirvana samvat 2 languages ગુજરાતી हिन्दी edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia calendar used in jainism part of a series on jainism jains history timeline index food philosophy anekantavada cosmology ahimsa karma dharma mokṣa kevala jnana dravya tattva brahmacarya aparigraha gunasthana saṃsāra ethics ethics of jainism mahavratas major vows ahiṃsā non violence satya truth asteya non stealing brahmacarya chastity aparigraha non possession anuvratas further vows sāmāyika sallekhana jain prayers bhaktamara stotra micchami dukkadam navkar mantra ṇamōkāra mantra jai jinendra major figures the 24 tirthankaras rishabha pārśva mahavira arihant ganadhara kundakunda siddhasenadivākarasuri samantabhadra haribhadra yashovijaya major sects schools and branches digambara śvetāmbara jain literature samayasāra digambara pravachanasara digambara agama śvetāmbara tattvartha sutra dravyasamgraha digambara kalpa sūtra śvetāmbara uttaradhyayana śvetāmbara cīvaka cintāmaṇi silappatikaram valayapathi festivals diwali mahavir janma kalyanak paryushana samvatsari pilgrimages tirth abu palitana girnar shikharji shravanabelagola other ekendriya temples jain flag jain symbols parasparopagraho jivanam topics list religion portal v t e the vira nirvana samvat era is a calendar era beginning on 7 october 527 bce it commemorates the nirvana of mahavira the 24th jain tirthankara this is the oldest system of chronological reckoning which is still used in india history edit the earliest text to mention 527 bce as the year of mahavira s nirvana is yati vrishabha s tiloya pannatti 6th century ce 1 2 subsequent works such as jinasena s harivamśa 783 ce mention the vira nirvana era and give the difference between it and the shaka era beginning in 79 ce as 605 years 5 months 10 days 3 on 21 october 1974 the 2500th nirvana mahotsava was celebrated according to the indian national calendar by jains throughout india 4 and overseas 5 usage edit the jain year vira nirvana samvat is obtained by adding 469 or 470 years to the kartikadi vikram samvat for example the vira nirvana samvat 2544 started right after diwali of 20 october 2017 on vikram 2074 kartika krishna amavasya chaitradi and purnimanta 6 7 the new chaitradiadi vikram samvat common in north india starts seven months earlier in chaitra thus during chaitra kartika krishna the difference between vikram and vir nivana samvat is 469 years until kartik shukla 1 day following diwali when the difference becomes 470 years the jain business people traditionally started their accounting year from dipawali the relationship between the vir and shaka era is given in titthogali painnaya and dhavalaa by acharya virasena 8 पंच य मासा पंच य वास छच्चेव होन्ति वाससया परिणिव्वुअस्स अरिहितो तो उप्पन्नो सगो राया thus the nirvana occurred 605 years 5 months and 10 days before the saka era from vikram samvat vira nirvana samvat is obtained by adding 470 except during april to november when 469 should be added that is because the north indian chaitradi purnimanta vikram samvat increments with chaitra krishna to chaitra shukla transition where as vira nirvana samvat increments with kartika krishna to kartika shukla transition from the julian year vns is obtained by adding 526 from january to november and 527 during november to december jain calendar edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed april 2020 learn how and when to remove this message the jain calendar panchāng is a lunisolar calendar just like the traditional vikram or saka calendars the months based on the position of the moon with respect to the earth and it is adjusted by adding an extra month adhika masa once every three years to coincide with the sun to bring month in phase with the season its day or date which is known as tithi indicates the moon phase and the month indicates the approximate season of the solar year the lunisolar calendar has the following arrangement a regular or normal year has 12 months a leap year has 13 months a regular or normal year has 353 354 or 355 days a leap year has 383 384 or 385 days the months in a jain calendar are kartak maagsar posh maha faagan chaitra vaishakh jeth ashadh shravan bhadarvo aaso the average number of days in a month is 30 but the average number of days in a lunisolar year is 354 and not 360 12 months in a year because it takes the moon about 29 5 days not 30 days to complete the circle around the earth hence one tithi is eliminated in about duration of two months see also edit religion portal vikram samvat references edit citations edit kailash chand jain 1991 p 84 dundas 2002 p 24 d c sircar 1965 indian epigraphy motilal banarsidass pp 321 322 isbn 978 81 208 1166 9 upadhye a n upadhye a n january march 1982 cohen richard j ed mahavira and his teachings journal of the american oriental society 102 1 american oriental society 231 232 doi 10 2307 601199 jstor 601199 iconoclastic jain leader is likened to pope john support claimed long practice of silence short meditations offered george dugan the new york times 18 december 1973 jain tithi darpan vir nirvan samvat 2044 onlinejainpathshala com archived from the original on 1 december 2017 retrieved 5 december 2018 shri guru pushkar jain devendra calendar 2017 archived from the original on 1 december 2017 retrieved 22 november 2017 jain sahitya aur itihas par vrihad prakash jugalkishor mukhtar july 1956 p 28 sources edit dundas paul 2002 1992 the jains second ed routledge isbn 0 415 26605 x jain kailash chand 1991 lord mahāvīra and his times motilal banarsidass isbn 978 81 208 0805 8 sangave vilas adinath 1980 jain community a social survey 2nd ed bombay popular prakashan isbn 978 0 317 12346 3 v t e jainism topics gods arihant ganadhara tirthankara mahavira rishabhanatha philosophy five vows ahimsa anekantavada cosmology deva naraka siddhashila death dravya jīva ajiva pudgala dharma epistemology kevala jnana gunasthana karma causes types kashaya ratnatraya samsara tattva asrava bandha moksha nirjara samvara branches digambara bispanthi kanji panth mula sangha balatkara gana kashtha sangha taran panth terapanth svetambara murtipujaka gaccha kharatara tapa tristutik sthanakavasi śvetāmbara terapanth practices fasting festivals paryushana kshamavani mahamastakabhisheka meditation monasticism pratikramana samayika rituals sallekhana tapas upadhan vegetarianism literature agama aptamimamsa bhaktamara stotra civaka cintamani culamani kalpa sūtra kasayapahuda naga kumara kaviyam neelakesi namokar mantra pravachanasara samayasāra shatkhandagama tattvartha sutra uttaradhyayana udayana kumara kaviyam valayapathi yashodhara kaviyam symbols ashtamangala auspicious dreams jain flag siddhachakra shrivatsa nandavarta swastika ascetics acharya aryika digambara monk kshullak pattavali scholars bal patil champat rai jain chandabai colette caillat hampana hermann jacobi jeffery d long john e cort nalini balbir padmanabh jaini paul dundas virchand gandhi community sravaka sarak tamil jain organisations digambar jain mahasabha jaina vishwa jain sangathan jainism in india bundelkhand delhi goa gujarat haryana karnataka north kerala maharashtra mumbai punjab rajasthan tamil nadu uttar pradesh west bengal overseas africa australia belgium canada europe hong kong japan pakistan singapore southeast asia united states jainism and buddhism hinduism islam non creationism sikhism dynasties and empires chalukya ganga hoysala ikshvaku kadamba kalinga maurya pandya rashtrakuta santara related art ekendriya history timeline law mathematics panca paramesthi nigoda panch kalyanaka pratima salakapurusa samavasarana sexual differences statue of ahimsa sculpture stupa temple terms and concepts tirtha units of time vira nirvana samvat samvatsari lists jains jain temples jain ascetics digambar topics units of time navboxes caves gods history literature monks nuns scholars temples america bengal religion portal v t e calendars systems lunar lunisolar solar in wide use bengali buddhist chinese ethiopian gregorian hebrew hindu islamic śaka solar hijri in limited use akan armenian assamese assyrian baháʼí bali pawukon saka bangladeshi berber borana burmese germanic heathen georgian hmong igbo iranian jalali zoroastrian irish islamic fasli tabular jain japanese javanese korean kurdish lithuanian maithili malayalam mandaean manipuri meitei melanau minguo mizo lushai mongolian nepali nepal sambat yele sambat nanakshahi nisg̱a a odia punjabi romanian shona somali sesotho slavic slavic native faith macedonian sundanese tamil thai lunar solar tibetan tripuri tulu vietnamese vikram samvat wicca xhosa yoruba zulu types runic mesoamerican long count calendar round christian variants coptic ethiopian and eritrean julian revised liturgical year eastern orthodox saints historical arabian attic aztec tōnalpōhualli xiuhpōhualli babylonian bulgar byzantine cappadocian celtic cham culāsakaraj coligny egyptian enoch florentine french republican germanic greek inca juche macedonian maya haabʼ tzolkʼin muisca pentecontad pisan qumran rapa nui roman rumi sexagenary soviet swedish turkmen by specialty astronomical darian martian dreamspell new age fiscal holocene anthropological iso week proleptic gregorian proleptic julian historiographical pataphysical unix time reform proposals hanke henry permanent international fixed pax positivist symmetry454 world displays and applications electronic perpetual wall year naming and numbering terminology era epoch leap year new year regnal name regnal year year zero systems ab urbe condita anka year anno domini common era anno lucis anno martyrum anno mundi assyrian before present chinese imperial discordian english and british regnal year hijri year japanese korean nirayana system samvatsara seleucid sexagenary spanish yugas satya treta dvapara kali vietnamese fictional discworld discworld greyhawk dungeons dragons middle earth the lord of the rings stardate star trek list of calendars category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title vira_nirvana_samvat oldid 1323057038 categories calendar eras jain philosophical concepts lunisolar calendars time in india hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use dmy dates from january 2023 use indian english from may 2016 all wikipedia articles written in indian english articles needing additional references from april 2020 all articles needing additional references this page was last edited on 19 november 2025 at 12 19 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of 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