Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

virama, contents, names, usage, end, of, word, glyph, comparison, unicode, see, also, references, external, links,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (62), #virama (55), sign (46), language (33), text (30), articles (30), containing (29), and (24), from (16), consonant (16), form (16), sanskrit (15), diacritics (15), thai (12), used (12), edit (12), unicode (11), other (11), scripts (11), letter (11), virāma (11), brahmi (10), not (10), may (9), with (9), halanta (9), devanagari (9), are (9), for (9), this (8), malayalam (8), also (8), tai (8), script (8), vowel (8), that (8), wikipedia (7), ipa (7), see (7), indic (7), derived (7), ligature (7), terms (6), batak (6), khmer (6), burmese (6), bengali (6), marks (6), character (6), diacritic (6), gondi (6), forms (6), word (6), when (6), languages (5), use (5), page (5), was (5), sundanese (5), pages (5), tamil (5), glyph (5), full (5), tibetan (5), such (5), example (5), conjoined (5), only (5), contents (4), search (4), non (4), rejang (4), balinese (4), javanese (4), sinhala (4), kannada (4), telugu (4), assamese (4), gujarati (4), english (4), links (4), writing (4), sukun (4), kawi (4), masaram (4), pangkon (4), adeg (4), mark (4), were (4), kushana (4), have (4), pronounced (4), end (4), instead (4), inherent (4), written (4), kṣa (4), half (4), result (4), dead (4), pinthu (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), table (3), view (3), northern (3), sylheti (3), odia (3), brahmic (3), retrieved (3), tilde (3), arabic (3), hook (3), double (3), all (3), pdf (3), tham (3), ทัณฑฆาต (3), การันต์ (3), soyombo (3), zanabazar (3), square (3), dives (3), akuru (3), chakma (3), panongonan (3), pangolat (3), tagalog (3), pali (3), abugida (3), but (3), although (3), one (3), hangul (3), does (3), old (3), middle (3), comparison (3), vowels (3), what (3), ligated (3), fully (3), preferred (3), some (3), generally (3), which (3), visible (3), attached (3), represents (3), two (3), many (3), syllable (3), name (3), consonants (3), thanthakhat (3), हलन्त (3), names (3), article (3), tools (3), main (3), toggle (2), code (2), contact (2), about (2), privacy (2), policy (2), under (2), you (2), wikimedia (2), inc (2), commons (2), japanese (2), dhivehi (2), simalungun (2), karo (2), toba (2), nepali (2), marathi (2), punjabi (2), hindi (2), short (2), description (2), different (2), wikidata (2), category (2), punctuation (2), umlaut (2), stop (2), period (2), bar (2), greek (2), visarga (2), nuqta (2), chandrabindu (2), avagraha (2), anusvara (2), cyrillic (2), breathing (2), above (2), grave (2), dot (2), breve (2), acute (2), external (2), zero (2), standard (2), longdo (2), dict (2), คำศัพท์ (2), แปลว่าอะไร (2), references (2), killer (2), gunjala (2), bhaiksuki (2), subjoiner (2), nandinagari (2), ahom (2), takri (2), modi (2), tirhuta (2), newa (2), grantha (2), khojki (2), sharada (2), kaithi (2), candrabindu (2), saurashtra (2), hasanta (2), limbu (2), pamudpod (2), myanmar (2), lao (2), gurmukhi (2), ranjana (2), basic (2), canadian (2), syllabics (2), letters (2), phags (2), left (2), pyu (2), mon (2), probably (2), either (2), pallava (2), kadamba (2), tocharian (2), gupta (2), notes (2), nagari (2), lue (2), ashoka (2), cases (2), orthography (2), schwa (2), top (2), second (2), ligate (2), क्ष (2), invisible (2), actually (2), iscii (2), conjoining (2), modified (2), another (2), like (2), side (2), without (2), usage (2), srog (2), med (2), bunuhan (2), pamaeh (2), adəg (2), rahaam (2), originally (2), closed (2), following (2), nikkhahit (2), point (2), karan (2), toandeakheat (2), viream (2), hal (2), chandrakkala (2), pulli (2), pollu (2), hosonto (2), হসন্ত (2), halant (2), characters (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), history (2), read (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, available, additional, apply, using, site, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, september, 2026, utc, hidden, categories, tigrinya, macrolanguage, plain, https, org, index, php, title, oldid, 1376853331, metal, diacritical, combining, ranges, placeholder, dotted, circle, mathematics, degree, symbol, caret, uses, prime, hyphen, comma, colon, apostrophe, syriac, dakuten, handakuten, kana, hebrew, gurmukhī, titlo, pokrytie, palatalization, early, smooth, rough, vietnamese, perispomene, sicilicus, underring, overring, nosinė, ogonek, macron, iota, subscript, horn, retroflex, palatal, diaeresis, circumflex, cedilla, caron, háček, inverted, roman, apex, latin, blog, sorting, out, akira, nakanishi, systems, world, 8048, 1654, isbn, constable, peter, 2004, 2009, clarification, width, joiner, 2022, july, similar, conjoiner, 11f42, 11f41, 11d97, 11d45, 11d44, 11c3f, 11a99, 11a47, 11a34, 119e0, 1193e, 1193d, dogra, 11839, 1172b, 116b6, 1163f, siddham, 115bf, 114c2, 11442, 1134d, khudawadi, 112ea, 11235, 111c0, maayyaa, 11134, 11133, 110b9, 11046, kharoshthi, 10a3f, a9c0, a953, a8f4, a8f3, a8c4, syloti, nagri, a806, 1bf3, 1bf2, 1bab, pamaaeh, 1baa, 1b44, sakot, 1a60, 193b, viriam, 17d1, hanunoo, 1734, 1715, 1714, asat, 103a, 1039, 0f84, 0eba, phinthu, 0e3a, lakuna, 0dca, 0d4d, circular, 0d3c, vertical, 0d3b, 0ccd, 0c4d, 0bcd, oriya, 0b4d, 0acd, 0a4d, 09cd, 094d, acts, its, letterforms, any, single, precursor, aboriginal, handwritten, indicates, sounds, rotations, rather, than, abugidas, limited, influence, inspiring, most, few, shapes, function, origin, devangari, bottom, precursors, artifacts, time, plentiful, enough, establish, definite, succession, later, style, emerged, beginning, proliferate, definitely, stylistic, descendant, descended, earlier, hanuno, buhid, multani, tagbanwa, mahajani, khudabadi, baybayin, laṇḍā, dogri, makasar, buginese, aksara, viet, new, marchen, gaudi, meitei, mayek, kayah, lepcha, cham, siddhaṃ, kharoṣṭhī, aramaic, always, particular, suppression, based, where, leaves, reader, modern, delete, appropriate, deletion, sequences, ङ्क, ङ्ख, ङ्ग, ङ्घ, common, should, conjuncts, cross, line, disappear, joined, ṅka, ṅkha, ṅɡa, ṅɡha, possible, leaving, they, sequence, thus, work, control, basically, those, differences, variants, three, identical, there, given, cluster, each, kind, ligatures, acceptable, nonligature, even, latter, font, whether, just, matter, taste, semantically, conceptual, made, becomes, logically, existing, scheme, encoding, original, further, followed, might, look, case, elements, simply, placed, alternatively, can, therefore, cancel, represent, transcribing, derives, ސުކުން, ꤷꥈꤵꥈꥁꥐ, ᮕᮙᮆᮂ, ᯈᯉᯬᯝᯬᯉᯉ᯳, pənəngən, ᯇᯧᯉᯧᯝᯧᯉ᯳, penengen, pakpak, ᯇᯝᯬᯞᯖ᯲, mandailing, ᬳᬤᭂᬕ᭄ᬳᬤᭂᬕ᭄, variations, exist, suppressed, subjoined, stack, next, pasangan, ꦥꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀, wirāma, wirama, khün, ᩁᩉ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨾ, lanna, nasalized, realized, nasal, anusvāra, นฤคหิต, นิคหิต, akin, means, bindu, พินทุ, while, refers, marked, these, often, interchangeably, silent, become, silenced, pronunciation, mostly, sometimes, loanwords, european, final, clusters, want, วอนท์, kārạnt, ទណ្ឌឃាដ, វិរាម, lit, nonexistence, ʔa̰θaʔ, sat, အသတ်, kirīma, හල්, කිරිම, sinhalese, kirima, suruḷi, ಸುರುಳಿ, ardhākṣara, cihne, ಅರ್ಧಾಕ್ಷರ, ಚಿಹ್ನೆ, ardhakshara, chihne, unlike, finally, virāmaṁ, വിരാമം, ചന്ദ്രക്കല, puḷḷi, புள்ளி, పొల్లు, hośonto, ꠢꠡꠘ꠆ꠔꠧ, হছন্ত, hoxonto, hôsôntô, hālānta, હાલાંત, hôḷôntô, ହଳନ୍ତ, हलंत, ਹਲੰਤ, native, books, cessation, termination, place, several, specific, phonology, modeled, schemes, group, functions, together, mainland, southeast, asia, संयुक्ताक्षर, implicit, conjunct, saṃyuktākṣara, explicit, including, phonological, concept, suppress, otherwise, occurs, every, commonly, generic, term, codepoint, representing, ʋiraːmɐ, ɦɐlɐn̪t̪ɐ, romanized, विराम, laghava, daṇḍa, vedic, accent, bha, dha, ḍha, jha, gha, pha, tha, ṭha, cha, kha, proper, intended, question, boxes, symbols, rendering, support, contains, uncommon, 232, iast, transliteration, phonemic, representation, properties, glyphs, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, information, permanent, link, related, here, general, actions, talk, shqip, simple, සිංහල, русский, português, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, မြန်မာဘာသာ, മലയാളം, lietuvių, ភាសាខ្មែរ, қазақша, 日本語, italiano, ilokano, हिन्दी, français, suomi, español, čeština, català, বাংলা, भोजपुरी, العربية, personal, special, recent, community, portal, learn, help, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,

Text of the page (random words):
virama wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 names 2 usage 3 end of word 4 glyph comparison 5 unicode 6 see also 7 references 8 external links toggle the table of contents virama 25 languages العربية भोजपुरी বাংলা català čeština español suomi français हिन्दी ilokano italiano 日本語 қазақша ភាសាខ្មែរ lietuvių മലയാളം မြန်မာဘာသာ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ português русский සිංහල simple english shqip tagalog 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia diacritic in many brahmic scripts virama example glyphs bengali assamese ্ tibetan ྄ thai ฺ malayalam ് sinhala ් ashoka brahmi 𑁆 devanagari ् properties phonemic representation iast transliteration iscii code point e8 232 this article contains uncommon unicode characters without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of the intended characters indic letters consonants ka ca ṭa ta pa ya śa kha cha ṭha tha pha ra ṣa ga ja ḍa da ba la sa gha jha ḍha dha bha va ha ṅa ña ṇa na ma ḻa ṟa vowels a i u ṛ ḷ e o ā ī ū ṝ ḹ ai au other marks chandrabindu anusvara visarga virama nuqta avagraha vedic accent punctuation daṇḍa laghava v t e virama sanskrit विराम हलन्त romanized virāma halanta ् ipa ʋiraːmɐ ɦɐlɐn̪t̪ɐ see names for other terms is a sanskrit phonological concept to suppress the inherent vowel that otherwise occurs with every consonant letter commonly used as a generic term for a codepoint in unicode representing either halanta hasanta or explicit virāma a diacritic in many brahmic scripts including the devanagari and bengali scripts or saṃyuktākṣara sanskrit संयुक्ताक्षर or implicit virama a conjunct consonant or ligature in tamil phonology the pulli is modeled as a stop following the consonant unicode schemes of scripts writing mainland southeast asia languages such as that of burmese script and of tibetan script generally do not group the two functions together names edit the name is sanskrit for cessation termination end as a sanskrit word it is used in place of several language specific terms such as name in english books language in native language form notes halant hindi हलन्त halant ् halanta punjabi ਹਲੰਤ halanta ੍ marathi हलंत halanta ् nepali हलन्त halanta ् odia ହଳନ୍ତ hôḷôntô ୍ gujarati હાલાંત hālānta ્ hosonto bengali হসন্ত hôsôntô ্ assamese হসন্ত hoxonto হছন্ত hosonto ্ sylheti ꠢꠡꠘ꠆ꠔꠧ hośonto ꠆ pollu telugu పొల్లు pollu ్ pulli tamil புள்ளி puḷḷi ் chandrakkala malayalam ചന്ദ്രക്കല chandrakkala വിരാമം virāmaṁ ് unlike other virama diacritics it is pronounced ə̆ word finally ardhakshara chihne kannada ಅರ್ಧಾಕ್ಷರ ಚಿಹ್ನೆ ardhākṣara cihne ಸುರುಳಿ suruḷi ್ hal kirima sinhalese හල් කිරිම hal kirīma ් a that burmese အသတ် a sat ipa ʔa̰θaʔ ် lit nonexistence viream khmer វិរាម viream ៑ toandeakheat ទណ្ឌឃាដ toandeakheat ៍ karan thanthakhat thai การันต์ kārạnt 1 2 ทัณฑฆาต thanthakhat 3 4 ์ thanthakhat is the name of the diacritic while karan refers to the character that was marked these two terms are often used interchangeably it is used to mark as silent vowels or consonants that were originally pronounced but have become silenced in thai pronunciation mostly from sanskrit and old khmer this diacritic is sometimes used in loanwords from european languages to mark final consonants in consonant clusters e g want as วอนท์ pinthu พินทุ pinthu ฺ pinthu is akin to sanskrit bindu and means point or dot it is used to mark a syllable as closed and it is only used in thai script when writing pali or sanskrit nikkhahit นฤคหิต นิคหิต ํ nikkhahit represents what was originally anusvāra in sanskrit like pinthu it is also only used when writing pali or sanskrit in thai script it marks a syllable as nasalized realized in thai as a nasal closed consonant following the vowel rahaam northern thai lanna ᩁᩉ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨾ rahaam 5 ᩺ tai khün ᩼ tai lue ᩼ wirama kawi wirāma pangkon javanese ꦥꦁꦏꦺꦴꦤ꧀ pangkon ꧀ other variations of the pangkon exist if the suppressed syllable is in the middle of a word a subjoined pasangan form to stack the next consonant instead adeg adeg balinese ᬳᬤᭂᬕ᭄ᬳᬤᭂᬕ᭄ adəg adəg ᭄ pangolat mandailing ᯇᯝᯬᯞᯖ᯲ pangolat ᯲ pakpak toba penengen karo ᯇᯧᯉᯧᯝᯧᯉ᯳ pənəngən ᯳ panongonan simalungun ᯈᯉᯬᯝᯬᯉᯉ᯳ panongonan pamaeh sundanese ᮕᮙᮆᮂ pamaeh ᮪ bunuhan rejang ꤷꥈꤵꥈꥁꥐ bunuhan ꥓ sukun dhivehi ސުކުން sukun ް derives from arabic sukun srog med tibetan srog med ྄ only used when transcribing sanskrit usage edit in devanagari and many other indic scripts a virama is used to cancel the inherent vowel of a consonant letter and represent a consonant without a vowel a dead consonant for example in devanagari क is a consonant letter ka ् is a virāma therefore क् ka virāma represents a dead consonant k if this k क् is further followed by another consonant letter for example ṣa ष the result might look like क् ष which represents kṣa as ka visible virāma ṣa in this case two elements k क् and ṣa ष are simply placed one by one side by side alternatively kṣa can be also written as a ligature क्ष which is actually the preferred form generally when a dead consonant letter c 1 and another consonant letter c 2 are conjoined the result may be a fully conjoined ligature of c 1 c 2 half conjoined c 1 conjoining a modified form half form of c 1 attached to the original form full form of c 2 c 2 conjoining a modified form of c 2 attached to the full form of c 1 or non ligated full forms of c 1 and c 2 with a visible virama 6 if the result is fully or half conjoined the conceptual virama which made c 1 dead becomes invisible logically existing only in a character encoding scheme such as iscii or unicode if the result is not ligated a virama is visible attached to c 1 actually written basically those differences are only glyph variants and the three forms are semantically identical although there may be a preferred form for a given consonant cluster in each language and some scripts do not have some kind of ligatures or half forms at all it is generally acceptable to use a nonligature form instead of a ligature form even when the latter is preferred if the font does not have a glyph for the ligature in some other cases whether to use a ligature or not is just a matter of taste the virāma in the sequence c 1 virāma c 2 may thus work as an invisible control character to ligate c 1 and c 2 in unicode for example ka क virāma ṣa ष kṣa क्ष is a fully conjoined ligature it is also possible that the virāma does not ligate c 1 and c 2 leaving the full forms of c 1 and c 2 as they are ka क virama ṣa ष kṣa क् ष is an example of such a non ligated form the sequences ङ्क ङ्ख ङ्ग ङ्घ ṅka ṅkha ṅɡa ṅɡha in common sanskrit orthography should be written as conjuncts the virāma and the top cross line of the second letter disappear and what is left of the second letter is written under the ङ and joined to it end of word edit the inherent vowel is not always pronounced in particular at the end of a word schwa deletion no virāma is used for vowel suppression in such cases instead the orthography is based on sanskrit where all inherent vowels are pronounced and leaves to the reader of modern languages to delete the schwa when appropriate 7 glyph comparison edit comparison of virama in different scripts aramaic kharoṣṭhī 𐨿 ashoka brahmi 𑁆 kushana brahmi a 𑁆 tocharian b gupta brahmi 𑁆 pallava kadamba bhaiksuki 𑰿 siddhaṃ 𑖿 grantha 𑍍 cham sinhala ් pyu old mon c tibetan ྄ newa 𑑂 ahom 𑜫 malayalam ് ഻ ഼ telugu ్ burmese ် ္ lepcha ranjana saurashtra ꣄ dives akuru kannada ್ kayah li limbu ᤻ soyombo d 𑪙 khmer ៑ tamil ் chakma 𑄳 𑄴 tai tham ᩠ meitei mayek gaudi thai ฺ lao tai le marchen tirhuta 𑓂 new tai lue tai viet aksara kawi phags pa odia ୍ sharada 𑇀 rejang ꥓ batak ᯲ ᯳ buginese zanabazar square 𑩇 bengali assamese ্ takri 𑚶 javanese ꧀ balinese ᭄ makasar hangul e northern nagari dogri 𑠹 laṇḍā sundanese ᮪ ᮫ baybayin ᜔ modi 𑘿 gujarati ્ khojki 𑈵 khudabadi 𑋪 mahajani tagbanwa devanagari ् nandinagari kaithi 𑂹 gurmukhi ੍ multani buhid canadian syllabics f soyombo g 𑪙 sylheti nagari ꠆ gunjala gondi 𑶗 masaram gondi h 𑵄 𑵅 hanuno o ᜴ notes the middle kushana form of brahmi is a later style that emerged as brahmi scripts were beginning to proliferate gupta brahmi was definitely a stylistic descendant from kushana but other brahmi derived scripts may have descended from earlier forms tocharian is probably derived from the middle period kushana form of brahmi although artifacts from that time are not plentiful enough to establish a definite succession pyu and old mon are probably the precursors of the burmese script and may be derived from either the pallava or kadamba script may also be derived from devangari see bottom left of table the origin of hangul from phags pa is one of limited influence inspiring at most a few basic letter shapes hangul does not function as an indic abugida although the basic letter forms of the canadian aboriginal syllabics were derived from handwritten devanagari letters this abugida indicates vowel sounds by rotations of the letter form rather than the use of vowel diacritics as is standard in indic abugidas may also be derived from ranjana see above masaram gondi acts as an indic abugida but its letterforms were not derived from any single precursor script unicode edit u 094d ् devanagari sign virama u 09cd ্ bengali sign virama u 0a4d ੍ gurmukhi sign virama u 0acd ્ gujarati sign virama u 0b4d ୍ oriya sign virama u 0bcd ் tamil sign virama u 0c4d ్ telugu sign virama u 0ccd ್ kannada sign virama u 0d3b ഻ malayalam sign vertical bar virama u 0d3c ഼ malayalam sign circular virama u 0d4d ് malayalam sign virama u 0dca ් sinhala sign al lakuna u 0e3a ฺ thai character phinthu u 0eba lao sign pali virama u 0f84 ྄ tibetan mark halanta u 1039 ္ myanmar sign virama u 103a ် myanmar sign asat u 1714 ᜔ tagalog sign virama u 1715 tagalog sign pamudpod u 1734 ᜴ hanunoo sign pamudpod u 17d1 ៑ khmer sign viriam u 193b ᤻ limbu sign sa i u 1a60 ᩠ tai tham sign sakot u 1b44 ᭄ balinese adeg adeg u 1baa ᮪ sundanese sign pamaaeh u 1bab ᮫ sundanese sign virama u 1bf2 ᯲ batak pangolat u 1bf3 ᯳ batak panongonan u a806 ꠆ syloti nagri sign hasanta u a8c4 ꣄ saurashtra sign virama u a8f3 ꣳ devanagari sign candrabindu virama u a8f4 ꣴ devanagari sign double candrabindu virama u a953 ꥓ rejang virama u a9c0 ꧀ javanese pangkon u 10a3f 𐨿 kharoshthi virama u 11046 𑁆 brahmi virama u 110b9 𑂹 kaithi sign virama u 11133 𑄳 chakma virama u 11134 𑄴 chakma maayyaa u 111c0 𑇀 sharada sign virama u 11235 𑈵 khojki sign virama u 112ea 𑋪 khudawadi sign virama u 1134d 𑍍 grantha sign virama u 11442 𑑂 newa sign virama u 114c2 𑓂 tirhuta sign virama u 115bf 𑖿 siddham sign virama u 1163f 𑘿 modi sign virama u 116b6 𑚶 takri sign virama u 1172b 𑜫 ahom sign killer u 11839 𑠹 dogra sign virama u 1193d dives akuru sign halanta u 1193e dives akuru virama u 119e0 nandinagari sign virama u 11a34 𑨴 zanabazar square sign virama u 11a47 𑩇 zanabazar square subjoiner u 11a99 𑪙 soyombo subjoiner u 11c3f 𑰿 bhaiksuki sign virama u 11d44 𑵄 masaram gondi sign halanta u 11d45 𑵅 masaram gondi virama u 11d97 𑶗 gunjala gondi virama u 11f41 kawi sign killer u 11f42 kawi conjoiner see also edit sukun a similar diacritic in arabic script zero consonant references edit คำศัพท์ การันต์ แปลว่าอะไร longdo dict th การันต์ คำศัพท์ ทัณฑฆาต แปลว่าอะไร longdo dict th ทัณฑฆาต tai tham pdf the unicode standard retrieved 30 july 2022 constable peter 2004 clarification of the use of zero width joiner in indic scripts pdf unicode inc retrieved 2009 11 19 akira nakanishi writing systems of the world isbn 0 8048 1654 9 pp 48 external links edit blog sorting it all out v t e diacritics in latin cyrillic and greek ́ ̋ acute and roman apex double acute ̆ ̑ breve inverted breve ̌ caron háček ̧ cedilla ̂ circumflex ̈ diaeresis umlaut other ̇ ̣ dot ̀ ̏ grave double grave ̉ hook above ̡ ̢ palatal hook retroflex hook ̛ horn ͅ iota subscript ̄ macron ̨ ogonek nosinė ̊ ̥ overring underring ͗ sicilicus ̃ tilde perispomene ᷃ vietnamese tilde rough breathing smooth breathing in early cyrillic ҄ palatalization sign ҇ pokrytie ҃ titlo in indic ं ং ଂ ം anusvara ऽ ঽ ଽ ఽ ഽ avagraha ँ ఁ ྃ chandrabindu ़ nuqta ् ് ్ ್ ් ် virama ः ঃ ଃ ஃ visarga in other scripts arabic diacritics greek diacritics gurmukhī diacritics hebrew diacritics diacritics in ipa japanese kana diacritics ゙ ゚ dakuten handakuten khmer diacritics syriac diacritics thai diacritics marks used as diacritics apostrophe bar colon comma full stop period hyphen prime non diacritic uses caret degree symbol tilde mathematics in unicode dotted circle placeholder glyph character combining character unicode ranges see also english terms with diacritical marks metal umlaut punctuation marks category diacritics retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title virama oldid 1376853331 category brahmic diacritics hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata pages with plain ipa articles containing sanskrit language text pages with sanskrit ipa articles containing hindi language text articles containing punjabi language text articles containing marathi language text articles containing nepali macrolanguage language text articles containing odia language text articles containing gujarati language text articles containing bengali language text articles containing assamese language text articles containing sylheti language text articles containing telugu language text articles containing tamil language text articles containing malayalam language text pages with malayalam ipa articles containing kannada language text articles containing sinhala language text articles containing burmese language text pages with burmese ipa articles containing khmer language text articles containing thai language text articles containing northern thai language text articles containing javanese language text articles containing balinese language text articles containing batak toba language text articles containing batak karo language text articles containing batak simalungun language text articles containing sundanese language text articles containing rejang language text articles containing dhivehi language text articles containing tigrinya language text articles containing japanese language text this page was last edited on 26 september 2026 at 16 40 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attri...