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ebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia soviet politician and chairman of the kgb 1924 2007 for the soviet cyclist see vladimir kryuchkov cyclist in this name that follows east slavic naming customs the patronymic is aleksandrovich and the family name is kryuchkov you can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in russian december 2019 click show for important translation instructions machine translation like deepl or google translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must follow the llm translation guideline revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the english wikipedia do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality if possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article you must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation a model attribution edit summary is content in this edit is translated from the existing russian wikipedia article at ru крючков владимир александрович see its history for attribution you may also add the template translated ru крючков владимир александрович to the talk page for more guidance see wikipedia translation vladimir kryuchkov владимир крючков kryuchkov in 1993 7th chairman of the committee for state security in office 1 october 1988 28 august 1991 premier nikolai ryzhkov valentin pavlov preceded by viktor chebrikov succeeded by vadim bakatin head of the first chief directorate of the kgb in office 13 january 1974 1 october 1988 preceded by fyodor mortin succeeded by vadim kirpichenko full member of the 27th politburo in office 20 september 1989 14 july 1990 personal details born 1924 02 29 29 february 1924 tsaritsyn russian sfsr soviet union died 23 november 2007 2007 11 23 aged 83 moscow russia resting place troyekurovskoye cemetery party cpsu 1944 1991 military service allegiance soviet union branch service kgb years of service 1967 1991 rank army general battles wars soviet afghan war kryuchkov center being interviewed by journalists following the fourth convocation of the congress of people s deputies vladimir aleksandrovich kryuchkov russian влади́мир алекса́ндрович крючко́в 29 february 1924 23 november 2007 was a soviet lawyer diplomat and head of the kgb member of the politburo of the central committee of the cpsu initially working in the soviet justice system as a prosecutor s assistant kryuchkov then graduated from the diplomatic academy of the soviet foreign ministry and became a diplomat during his years in the foreign service he met yuri andropov who became his main patron from 1974 until 1988 kryuchkov headed the foreign intelligence branch of the kgb the first chief directorate pgu during these years the directorate was involved in funding and supporting various communist socialist and anti colonial movements across the world some of which came to power in their countries and established pro soviet governments in addition under kryuchkov s leadership the directorate had major triumphs in penetrating western intelligence agencies acquiring valuable scientific and technical intelligence and perfecting the techniques of disinformation and active measures 1 at the same time during his tenure the directorate became plagued with defectors and had the major responsibility for encouraging the soviet government to invade afghanistan and its ability to influence western european communist parties diminished even further 1 from 1988 to 1991 kryuchkov served as the 7th chairman of the kgb he was the leader of the abortive august coup and its governing committee early life and career edit kryuchkov was born in february 1924 in tsaritsyn later called stalingrad now volgograd 2 to a working class family his parents were strong supporters of joseph stalin he joined the communist party of the soviet union in 1944 and became a full time employee of the communist youth league komsomol after earning a law degree kryuchkov embarked on a career in the soviet justice system working as an investigator for the prosecutor s office in his home city of stalingrad 3 diplomatic service edit kryuchkov then when joined the soviet diplomatic service stationed in hungary until 1959 he next worked for the communist party central committee for eight years before joining the kgb in 1967 together with his patron yuri andropov he was appointed head of the first chief directorate in the summer of 1971 upon the order of andropov and deputy chairman in 1978 according to whom in june 1978 he traveled to afghanistan and in july 1978 became the kgb rezident in kabul where he took a very active part in the overthrow of its government at the beginning of the soviet afghan war 4 in 1988 he was promoted to the rank of general of the army and became kgb chairman 5 in 1989 1990 he was a member of the politburo citation needed a political hard liner kryuchkov was among the members of the soviet intelligence community who misinterpreted the 1983 nato exercise able archer 83 as a prelude to a pre emptive nuclear strike many historians such as robert cowley and john lewis gaddis believe the able archer incident was the closest the world has come to nuclear war since the cuban missile crisis of 1962 citation needed kgb chairmanship edit after kgb chairman viktor chebrikov sided with general secretary mikhail gorbachev s rival yegor ligachev in opposition to glasnost and perestroika he was replaced by kryuchkov in october 1988 6 kryuchkov also opposed gorbachev s reforms and in his memoirs defended stalinism and condemned most reforms to the soviet political system since the rule of nikita khrushchev his appointment by gorbachev despite this was because he had specialized primarily in foreign intelligence rather than domestic services kryuchkov had also been recommended by gorbachev s predecessor and mentor andropov and his reformist colleague alexander yakovlev 7 after the 1990 soviet constitutional reforms kryuchkov began working with other hardline officials in the new presidential cabinet such as boris pugo valentin pavlov and gennady yanayev to undermine gorbachev s rule 8 this group of eight ministers eventually became the state committee on the state of emergency gkchp citation needed gorbachev attempted to appease kryuchkov with a presidential decree expanding the powers of the kgb and ordered him to keep the anti communist rsfsr president boris yeltsin and the dissident leader andrei sakharov under surveillance 9 10 11 kryuchkov s intelligence may have deceived gorbachev into underestimating the risk to his rule and distancing himself from his reformist colleagues in favor of the hardliners 12 clarification needed according to sergei tretyakov kryuchkov secretly sent us 50 billion worth of communist party funds to an unknown location in the lead up to the collapse of the soviet union 13 august coup edit main article 1991 soviet coup attempt kryuchkov s strategy eventually shifted to a coup d état in which a state of emergency would enable the kgb to restore the soviet union s hardline communist political system 14 15 during the august coup of 1991 kryuchkov was the initiator of creation of the gkchp which arrested president gorbachev however the coup failed because of the indecisiveness of kryuchkov and the other conspirators kryuchkov notably mobilized the alpha group to arrest yeltsin but then refused to give it the order to do so 16 kryuchkov had also allowed the russian soviet federative socialist republic to assume control of domestic kgb activity under its jurisdiction after chairman yeltsin s declaration of state sovereignty of russia many russian kgb agents had demonstrated their loyalty to the new government by defying kryuchkov s order to vote against yeltsin in the 1991 russian presidential election 17 after the defeat of the committee kryuchkov was imprisoned for his participation kryuchkov was replaced as chairman of the kgb by vadim bakatin released on recognizance not to leave in january 1993 18 many analysts of the soviet union at the time and since including former u s ambassador jack f matlock jr have held that kryuchkov was inadvertently responsible for the collapse of the soviet union by staging the coup and destroying the communist party s authority matlock wrote in his memoir people do make a difference and vladimir kryuchkov made a big difference the soviet union might exist in some modified form today if another person had been running the kgb in 1990 and 1991 19 7 immediately after the collapse of the coup kryuchkov unsuccessfully requested a pardon for himself and his co conspirators on the basis of their old age 7 on 3 july 1992 kryuchkov appealed to russian president boris yeltsin 20 accusing him of laying the blame for the dissolution of the soviet union on members of the state committee on the state of emergency 21 kryuchkov was finally freed in 1994 with a pardon by the state duma he subsequently returned to public life with writings condemning gorbachev s rule his writings improved his reputation with the russian public with a 2007 levada center poll revealing that only 12 percent of respondents would have actively opposed his coup 7 on 7 may 2000 kryuchkov attended the first inauguration of vladimir putin as president of russia 22 family edit kryuchkov s son was a resident of switzerland in the 1990s where very large sums were transiting during the 1990s looting of russia yevgeny primakov blocked the duma s ponomarev investigative commission from accessing kgb fcd and svr documents 23 death edit kryuchkov died at the age of 83 on 23 november 2007 5 his body is buried at the troyekurovskoye cemetery in moscow references edit 1 2 robert w pringle historical dictionary of russian and soviet intelligence kryuchkov vladimir soviet union s hawkish kgb chief kryuchkov dies at 83 reuters 25 november 2007 gale encyclopedia of russian history vladimir alexandrovich kryuchkov mlechin leonid mikhailovich 2004 служба внешней разведки foreign intelligence service in russian moscow eksmo isbn 5 699 08094 5 archived from the original on 18 september 2021 retrieved 21 february 2021 1 2 levy clifford j 26 november 2007 vladimir kryuchkov 83 ex chief of k g b the new york times p 21 marples david r 2004 the collapse of the soviet union 1985 1991 1 ed harlow england pearson pp 12 16 hdl 2027 mdp 39015059113335 isbn 1 4058 9857 7 oclc 607381176 1 2 3 4 brown archie 30 november 2007 obituary vladimir kryuchkov the guardian retrieved 1 july 2022 marples 2004 p 71 kyriakodis harry g 1991 the 1991 soviet and 1917 bolshewk coups compared causes consequences and legality russian history 18 1 4 323 328 doi 10 1163 187633191x00137 issn 0094 288x marples 2004 p 83 marples 2004 p 123 marples 2004 p 105 wise david 27 january 2008 spy vs spy the washington post retrieved 30 january 2008 dunlop john b 1995 the rise of russia and the fall of the soviet empire 1st pbk printing with new postscript ed princeton n j princeton university press isbn 978 1 4008 2100 6 oclc 761105926 dunlop john b 1995 the rise of russia and the fall of the soviet empire 1st pbk printing with new postscript ed princeton n j princeton university press isbn 978 1 4008 2100 6 oclc 761105926 hardline coup set the stage for soviet collapse 30 years ago ap news 18 august 2021 retrieved 1 july 2022 azrael jeremy r rahr alexander g 1993 the formation and development of the russian kgb 1991 1994 pdf 1 ed santa monica california national defense research institute pp 2 3 isbn 0 8330 1491 9 press konferentsiya po delu gkchp пресс конференция по делу гкчп press conference on the gkchp case kommersant in russian no 13 27 january 1993 retrieved 21 september 2021 marples 2004 p 135 biografiya vladimira kryuchkova sotrudnichayet s luzhkovym биография владимира крючкова сотрудничает с лужковым biography of vladimir kryuchkov in collaboration with luzhkov temadnya in russian archived from the original on 12 august 2023 retrieved 21 september 2021 kryuchkov vladimir aleksandrovich крючков владимир александрович kryuchkov vladimir aleksandrovich biografija in russian retrieved 21 september 2021 gessen masha 2012 the man without a face the unlikely rise of vladimir putin internet archive new york riverhead books p 152 isbn 978 1 59448 842 9 leach james a ed 21 september 1999 russian money laudering united states congressional hearing serial number 106 38 diane publishing p 318 isbn 9780756712556 retrieved 15 december 2020 bibliography edit kryuchkov vladimir alexandrovich 1996 personal business moscow olympus pp 872 government offices preceded by viktor chebrikov head of soviet committee of state security 1988 1991 succeeded by leonid shebarshin acting v t e chiefs of soviet secret police agencies cheka 1917 1922 felix dzerzhinsky 1917 18 jēkabs peterss 1918 felix dzerzhinsky 1918 22 gpu ogpu 1922 1934 felix dzerzhinsky 1922 26 vyacheslav menzhinsky 1926 34 genrikh yagoda 1934 nkvd 1934 1941 genrikh yagoda 1934 36 nikolai yezhov 1936 38 lavrentiy beria 1938 41 nkgb 1941 vsevolod merkulov nkvd 1941 1943 lavrentiy beria nkgb 1943 1946 vsevolod merkulov mgb 1946 1953 vsevolod merkulov 1946 viktor abakumov 1946 51 sergei ogoltsov 1951 semyon ignatiev 1951 53 mvd 1953 1954 lavrentiy beria 1953 sergei kruglov 1953 54 kgb 1954 1991 ivan serov 1954 58 konstantin lunev ru alexander shelepin 1958 61 pyotr ivashutin 1961 vladimir semichastny 1961 67 yuri andropov 1967 82 vitaly fedorchuk 1982 viktor chebrikov 1982 88 vladimir kryuchkov 1988 91 leonid shebarshin 1991 vadim bakatin 1991 acting v t e 27th politburo of the communist party of the soviet union 1986 1990 full members heydar aliyev vitaly vorotnikov mikhail gorbachev andrei gromyko lev zaykov dinmukhamed kunaev yegor ligachyov nikolai ryzhkov mikhail solomentsev viktor chebrikov eduard shevardnadze volodymyr shcherbytsky alexander yakovlev viktor nikonov nikolay slyunkov vadim medvedev yuri maslyukov vladimir kryuchkov vladimir ivashko candidate members pyotr demichev vladimir dolgikh boris yeltsin nikolay slyunkov sergey sokolov nikolai talyzin yuri solovyev alexander yakovlev dmitry yazov yuri maslyukov georgy razumovsky alexandra biryukova alexander vlasov anatoly lukyanov yevgeny primakov boris pugo v t e generals of the army of the soviet union altunin andropov antonov apanasenko arkhipov batov belik ru belikov ru beloborodov betekhtin bobkov varennikov vasyagin ru vatutin voloshin ru galitsky gareev gerasymov getman govorov gorbatov grachev ru gribkov gusakovsky yemokhonov ru yepishev yermakov ru zhadov zait...