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jority during the political crisis of the next few years he was recognized by the opportunist republicans as the successor of jules ferry and gambetta and at the crisis of 1899 on the fall of the charles dupuy cabinet he was asked by president émile loubet to form a government 1 coalition cabinet edit after an initial failure he succeeded in forming a coalition cabinet of republican defense supported by the radical socialists and the socialists which included such widely different politicians as the socialist alexandre millerand and the general de galliffet dubbed the repressor of the commune he himself returned to his former post at the ministry of the interior and set to work to quell the discontent with which the country was seething to put an end to the various agitations which under specious pretences were directed against republican institutions far right leagues boulangist crisis etc and to restore independence to the judicial authority his appeal to all republicans to sink their differences before the common peril met with some degree of success and enabled the government to allow the second court martial of alfred dreyfus at rennes a completely free hand and then to find a compromise by negotiating a presidential pardon for dreyfus waldeck rousseau achieved a considerable personal success in october by his successful intervention in the strikes at le creusot 1 with the condemnation in january 1900 of paul deroulède and his nationalist followers by the high court the worst of the danger was past and waldeck rousseau kept order in paris without having recourse to irritating displays of force the senate was staunch in support of waldeck rousseau and in the chamber he displayed remarkable astuteness in winning support from various groups the amnesty bill passed on 19 december chiefly through his unwearied advocacy went far to smooth down the acerbity of the preceding years with the object of aiding the industry of wine producing and of discouraging the consumption of spirits and other deleterious liquors the government passed a bill suppressing the octroi duties on the three hygienic drinks wine cider and beer the act came into force at the beginning of 1901 3 a year earlier in 1900 seats had been mandated for female clerks 4 social policy edit various reforms were carried out during the course of waldeck rousseau s premiership decrees were issued in august 1899 that obliged the state and allowing communes and departments to stipulate conditions of work on public contracts such as periods of rest hours of work and regional pay scales 5 while a department of labour was set up that same month 6 a law of march 1900 introduced an 11 hour day in the manufacturing sector 7 the daily working hours were set at eight in most postal and telegraph sectors and the creation of a workers union was authorized 8 a weekly rest period was also introduced in state run institutions 9 in february 1902 a major public health law was passed 10 a law was passed in march 1900 that limited the working hours of female workers and young persons under 18 years of age to 10 daily hours of travail effectif 11 the higher council of labor was turned into a tripartite body composed of employer and worker representatives alongside members of parliament with the aim to as noted by one study strengthen the fruitful collaboration of workers employers and the government in scientific inquiries followed by adversarial discussions 12 departmental councils were encouraged as noted by one study to introduce direct representatives of employers and workers into the departmental labor commissions associated with the labor inspectorate 13 a suggestion to cover the travel expenses of the worker representatives was also accepted by 35 departmental councils 14 while workplace inspections were encouraged 15 regional labor councils were also organized via decrees made in september 1900 and january 1901 16 one study from 1910 noted the importance of the new labour councils as follows the labour councils which are composed equally of representatives of employers and workers advise at the request of those concerned or of the government on all questions regarding conditions of work and take part in inquiries ordered into them for every district and the branches of industry that they represent they fix the standard of wages and hours and this fixing at once governs contracts of work or supplies for the state or in certain cases for other public authorities they make suggestions for the allotment and expenditure of the public grants to trade organizations they investigate the causes of prevailing unemployment and suggest remedies to the authorities they report annually on the state of the protection of workers and the execution of laws decrees and instructions concerning labour and suggest improvements 17 associations bill of 1901 edit the most important measure of waldeck rousseau s later administration was the associations bill of 1901 with his anti clerical sentiment he was convinced that the stability of the republic demanded restraining religious associations all previous attempts in this direction had failed in his speech in the chamber waldeck rousseau recalled the fact that he had tried to pass an associations bill in 1882 and again in 1883 he declared that religious associations were now being subjected for the first time to the regulations common to all others and that the object of the bill was to ensure the supremacy of the civil power royalist sympathies given to the pupils in the religious seminaries was a principal cause of the passing of this bill citation needed and the government took strong measures to secure the presence of officers of undoubted fidelity to the republic in the higher positions on the staff his speeches on the religious question were published in 1901 under the title of associations et congregations following a volume of speeches on questions sociales 1900 18 all conservative parties opposed waldeck rousseau s policies especially the mass closure of church schools as a persecution of religion he led the anti clerical coalition on the left facing opposition primarily organized by the pro catholic action libérale populaire alp the alp had a stronger popular base with better financing and a stronger network of newspapers but had far fewer seats in parliament 19 as the general election of 1902 approached all sections of the opposition united their efforts under the bloc des gauches and the name of waldeck rousseau served as a battle cry for one side and on the other as a target for abuse the result was a decisive victory for the left and waldeck rousseau considered his task ended therefore on 3 june 1902 he resigned office having proved himself the strongest personality in french politics since the death of gambetta 1 he emerged from his retirement to protest in the senate against the construction put on his associations bill by émile combes who refused en masse the applications of the teaching and preaching congregations for official recognition clarification needed 20 death edit in january 1904 waldeck rousseau announced that he was suffering from calculus of the liver 21 in may he underwent surgery 22 and as was later revealed attempted suicide 23 he died on august 11 1904 after further surgery 24 publication of speeches edit his speeches were published as discours parlementaires 1889 pour la république 1883 1903 1904 edited by h leyret l état et la liberté 1906 and his plaidoyers 1906 were edited by h barboux see also h leyret waldeck rousseau et la troisième république 1908 18 honours edit norway order of st olav grade unknown july 1902 during a lunch with king oscar ii of sweden and norway 25 waldeck rousseau s ministry 22 june 1899 7 june 1902 edit pierre waldeck rousseau president of the council and minister of the interior and worship théophile delcassé minister of foreign affairs marquis de galliffet minister of war joseph caillaux minister of finance ernest monis minister of justice jean marie de lanessan minister of the navy georges leygues minister of public instruction and fine arts jean dupuy minister of agriculture albert decrais minister of colonies pierre baudin minister of transport alexandre millerand minister of commerce industry posts and telegraphs changes 20 may 1900 louis andré succeeds gallifet as minister of war in popular culture edit waldeck rousseau appears in council with president loubet in the master key 1901 an urban fantasy novel by l frank baum where his rank as interior minister is anachronistically referred to as minister of police see also edit history of the left in france references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 chisholm 1911 p 253 marc renneville la criminologie perdue d alexandre lacassagne 1843 1924 archived 26 april 2010 at the wayback machine criminocorpus centre alexandre koyré crhst umr n 8560 of the cnrs 2005 in french chisholm 1911 pp 253 254 mary lynn stewart 1 july 1989 women work and the french state labour protection and social patriarchy 1879 1919 mcgill queen s press mqup pp 59 isbn 978 0 7735 6205 9 the history of labour intermediation institutions and finding employment in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries editors sigrid wadauer alexander mejstrik thomas buchner 2015 p 167 p 54 strikes in france 1830 1968 by edward shorter charles tilly 1974 p 145 146 jean louis rizzo alexandre millerand socialiste discuté ministre contesté et président déchu 1859 1943 l harmattan coll chemins de la mémoire 2013 p 111 112 vincent duclert la république imaginée 1870 1914 paris belin coll histoire de france 2010 864 p the history of public health and the modern state editor dorothy porter 2020 originally published in 1994 p 82 83 childhood in nineteenth century france work health and education among the classes populaires by colin heywood 2002 p 319 les circulaires millerand de 1900 extraits des cahiers du chatefp n 5 mai 2001 p 1 les circulaires millerand de 1900 extraits des cahiers du chatefp n 5 mai 2001 p 1 les circulaires millerand de 1900 extraits des cahiers du chatefp n 5 mai 2001 p 1 modern socialism as set forth by socialists in their speeches writings and programmes edited with an introduction by r c k ensor third edition revised and enlarged london and new york harper brothers 45 albemarle street w 1910 p 155 entry millerand alexandre millerand étienne alexandre by justinien raymond version published online on november 30 2010 last modified on october 7 2024 in french modern socialism as set forth by socialists in their speeches writings and programmes edited with an introduction by r c k ensor third edition revised and enlarged london and new york harper brothers 45 albemarle street w 1910 p 155 1 2 chisholm 1911 p 254 benjamin f martin the creation of the action libérale populaire an example of party formation in third republic france french historical studies 9 4 1976 660 689 online robert l fuller the origins of the french nationalist movement 1886 1914 2011 p 202 m waldeck rousseau s illness in the new york times january 11 1904 page 2 m waldeck rousseau worse in the new york times may 5 1904 p 2 ex premier tried suicide in the new york times july 1 1904 p 2 m waldeck rousseau dies after operation in the new york times august 11 1904 p 7 court news the times no 36824 london 19 july 1902 p 12 attribution this article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain chisholm hugh ed 1911 waldeck rousseau pierre marie rené ernest encyclopædia britannica vol 28 11th ed cambridge university press pp 253 254 further reading edit mcmanners john church and state in france 1870 1914 harper row 1972 pp 125 55 mayeur jean marie and madeleine rebirioux the third republic from its origins to the great war 1871 1914 cambridge up 1987 passim partin malcolm o waldeck rousseau combes and the church the politics of anticlericalism 1899 1905 duke up 1969 political offices preceded by charles dupuy prime minister of france 1899 1902 succeeded by émile combes v t e heads of government of france restoration talleyrand richelieu dessolles decazes richelieu villèle martignac polignac mortemart prince louis philippe july monarchy louis philippe i laffitte perier soult gérard maret mortier v de broglie thiers molé soult thiers soult guizot molé second republic dupont de l eure arago cavaignac barrot hautpoul faucher second empire ollivier cousin montauban government of national defense trochu third republic dufaure a de broglie cissey buffet dufaure simon a de broglie rochebouët dufaure waddington freycinet ferry gambetta freycinet duclerc fallières ferry brisson freycinet goblet rouvier floquet tirard freycinet loubet ribot dupuy casimir perier dupuy ribot bourgeois méline brisson dupuy waldeck rousseau combes rouvier sarrien clemenceau briand monis caillaux poincaré briand barthou doumergue ribot viviani briand ribot painlevé clemenceau millerand leygues briand poincaré françois marsal herriot painlevé briand herriot poincaré briand tardieu chautemps tardieu steeg laval tardieu herriot paul boncour daladier sarraut chautemps daladier doumergue flandin bouisson laval sarraut blum chautemps blum daladier reynaud pétain vichy france pétain laval flandin darlan laval provisional government de gaulle gouin bidault blum fourth republic ramadier schuman marie schuman queuille bidault queuille pleven queuille pleven faure pinay mayer laniel mendès france faure mollet bourgès maunoury gaillard pflimlin de gaulle fifth republic de gaulle debré pompidou couve de murville chaban delmas messmer chirac barre mauroy fabius chirac rocard cresson bérégovoy balladur juppé jospin raffarin villepin fillon ayrault valls cazeneuve philippe castex borne attal barnier bayrou lecornu related chief minister of france pre revolution deputy prime minister defunct authority control databases international isni viaf gnd fast worldcat national united states france bnf data italy netherlands norway greece poland vatican israel belgium artists musée d orsay people sycomore deutsche biographie other idref open library yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title pierre_waldeck rousseau oldid 1375680274 categories 1846 births 1904 deaths politicians from nantes republican union france politicians democratic republican alliance politicians prime ministers of france french interior ministers members of the 2nd chamber of deputies of the french third republic members of the 3rd chamber of deputies of the french third republic members of the 4th chamber of deputies of the french third republic french senators of the third republic senators of loire department burials at montmartre cemetery hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata wikipedia introduction cleanup from january 2012 all pages needing cleanup articles covered by wikiproject wikify from january 2012 all articles covered by wikiproject wikify use dmy 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