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events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 definition 2 unit representations 3 electricity sales 4 examples 5 conversions 6 watt hour multiples 7 distinction between kwh energy and kw power toggle distinction between kwh energy and kw power subsection 7 1 annualized power 7 2 misuse of watts per hour 8 other related energy units 9 related units 10 see also 11 references toggle the table of contents kilowatt hour 50 languages العربية azərbaycanca беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български বাংলা català کوردی deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti فارسی français gaeilge galego עברית हिन्दी hrvatski magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia íslenska 日本語 ქართული қазақша 한국어 лезги lietuvių latviešu македонски bahasa melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ नेपाली nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski русский русиньскый slovenčina slovenščina shqip தமிழ் türkçe українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from watt hour unit of energy often used for electrical billing kwh redirects here for other uses see kwh disambiguation kilowatt hour residential electricity meter located in canada general information unit system non si metric unit of energy symbol kw h kw h conversions 1 kw h in is equal to si units 3 6 mj cgs units 3 6 10 13 erg imperial units 85 429 300 ft pdl english engineering units us only 2 655 224 ft lbf a kilowatt hour unit symbol kw h or kw h commonly written as kwh is a non si unit of energy equal to 3 6 megajoules mj in si units which is the energy delivered by one kilowatt of power for one hour kilowatt hours are a common billing unit for electrical energy supplied by electric utilities metric prefixes are used for multiples and submultiples of the basic unit the watt hour definition edit the kilowatt hour is a composite unit of energy equal to one kilowatt kw multiplied by i e sustained for one hour the international system of units si unit of energy is the joule symbol j because a watt is by definition one joule per second and because there are 3 600 seconds in an hour one kwh equals 3 600 kilojoules or 3 6 mj 1 2 unit representations edit a widely used symbol for the kilowatt hour is kwh obtained by compounding the symbols kw for kilowatt and h for hour this unit and symbol is commonly used in billing for delivered energy to consumers by electric utility companies and in commercial educational and scientific publications and in the media 3 4 it is also the usual unit representation in electrical power engineering 5 this common representation however does not comply with the style guide of the international system of units si 6 other representations of the unit may be encountered kw h and kw h are less commonly used but they are consistent with the si the si brochure 6 states that in forming a compound unit symbol multiplication must be indicated by a space or a half high centred dot since otherwise some prefixes could be misinterpreted as a unit symbol this is supported by a standard 7 issued jointly by an international ieee and national astm organization and by a major style guide 8 however the ieee astm standard allows kwh but does not mention other multiples of the watt hour one guide published by nist specifically recommends against kwh to avoid possible confusion 9 in 2014 the united states official fuel economy window sticker for electric vehicles used the abbreviation kw hrs 10 variations in capitalization are sometimes encountered kwh kwh kwh etc which are inconsistent with the international system of units the notation kw h for the kilowatt hour is incorrect as it denotes kilowatt per hour the hour is a unit of time listed among the non si units accepted by the international bureau of weights and measures for use with the si 6 an electric heater consuming 1 000 watts 1 kilowatt operating for one hour uses one kilowatt hour of energy as does a television consuming 100 watts operating continuously for 10 hours or a 40 watt electric appliance operating continuously for 25 hours electricity sales edit electrical energy is typically sold to consumers in kilowatt hours the cost of running an electrical device with a constant power consumption rate is calculated by multiplying the device s power consumption in kilowatts by the operating time in hours and by the price per kilowatt hour numerical integration is needed when the power consumption is not constant over the time period the unit price of electricity charged by utility companies may depend on the customer s consumption profile over time prices vary considerably by locality in the united states prices in different states can vary by a factor of three 11 while smaller customer loads are usually billed only for energy transmission services and the rated capacity larger consumers also pay for peak power consumption the greatest power recorded in a fairly short time such as 15 minutes this compensates the power company for maintaining the infrastructure needed to provide peak power these charges are billed as demand changes 12 industrial users may also have extra charges according to the power factor of their load major energy production or consumption is often expressed as terawatt hours twh for a given period often a calendar year or financial year a 365 day year equals 8 760 hours so one gigawatt sustained over a year corresponds to 8 76 terawatt hours of energy conversely one terawatt hour is equal to the sustained power of about 114 megawatts for a period of one year examples edit in 2020 the average household in the united states consumed 893 kwh per month 13 corresponding to an ongoing average power consumption per household of 1 22 kw raising the temperature of 1 litre of water from room temperature to the boiling point with an electric kettle takes about 0 1 kwh a 12 watt led lamp lit constantly uses about 0 3 kwh per 24 hours and about 9 kwh per month in terms of human power a healthy adult male manual laborer performs work equal to about half a kilowatt hour over an eight hour day 14 conversions edit further information conversion of units energy to convert a quantity measured in a unit in the left column to the units in the top row multiply by the factor in the cell where the row and column intersect joule watt hour kilowatt hour electronvolt calorie 1 j 1 kg m 2 s 2 1 2 77778 10 4 2 77778 10 7 6 241 10 18 0 239 1 wh 3 6 10 3 1 0 001 2 247 10 22 859 8 1 kwh 3 6 10 6 1 000 1 2 247 10 25 8 598 10 5 1 ev 1 602 10 19 4 45 10 23 4 45 10 26 1 3 827 10 20 1 cal 4 184 1 162 10 3 1 162 10 6 2 612 10 19 1 watt hour multiples edit further information metric prefix si multiples of watt hour w h value symbol name 10 6 μw h microwatt hour 10 3 mw h milliwatt hour 10 0 w h watt hour 10 3 kw h kilowatt hour 10 6 mw h megawatt hour 10 9 gw h gigawatt hour 10 12 tw h terawatt hour 10 15 pw h petawatt hour si prefixes are commonly applied to the watt hour a kilowatt hour kwh is 1 000 wh a megawatt hour mwh is 1 million wh and so on the kilowatt hour is commonly used by electrical energy providers for purposes of billing since the monthly energy consumption of a typical residential customer ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand kilowatt hours megawatt hours mwh gigawatt hours gwh and terawatt hours twh are often used for metering larger amounts of electrical energy to industrial customers and in power generation the terawatt hour and petawatt hour pwh units are large enough to conveniently express the annual electricity generation for whole countries and the world energy consumption distinction between kwh energy and kw power edit a kilowatt is a unit of power rate of flow of energy per unit of time a kilowatt hour is a unit of energy kilowatt per hour would be a rate of change of power flow with time work is the amount of energy transferred to a system power is the rate of delivery of energy energy is measured in joules or watt seconds power is measured in watts or joules per second for example a battery stores energy when the battery delivers its energy it does so at a certain power that is the rate of delivery of the energy the higher the power the quicker the battery s stored energy is delivered a higher power output will cause the battery s stored energy to be depleted in a shorter time period annualized power edit electric energy production and consumption are sometimes reported on a yearly basis in units such as megawatt hours per year mwh yr gigawatt hours year gwh yr or terawatt hours per year twh yr these units have dimensions of energy divided by time and thus are units of power they can be converted to si power units by dividing by the number of hours in a year about 8760 h yr thus 1 gwh yr 1 gwh 8760 h 114 12 kw misuse of watts per hour edit many compound units for various kinds of rates explicitly mention units of time to indicate a change over time for example miles per hour kilometres per hour dollars per hour power units such as kw already measure the rate of energy per unit time kw kj s kilowatt hours are a product of power and time not a rate of change of power with time watts per hour w h is a unit of a change of power per hour i e an acceleration in the delivery of energy it is used to measure the daily variation of demand e g the slope of the duck curve or ramp up behavior of power plants for example a power plant that reaches a power output of 1 mw from 0 mw in 15 minutes has a ramp up rate of 4 mw h other uses of terms such as watts per hour are likely to be errors 15 16 other related energy units edit main article units of energy several other units related to kilowatt hour are commonly used to indicate power or energy capacity or use in specific application areas average annual energy production or consumption can be expressed in kilowatt hours per year this is used with loads or output that vary during the year but whose annual totals are similar from one year to the next for example it is useful to compare the energy efficiency of household appliances whose power consumption varies with time or the season of the year another use is to measure the energy produced by a distributed power source one kilowatt hour per year equals about 114 08 milliwatts applied constantly during one year the board of trade unit b t u 17 is an obsolete uk synonym for kilowatt hour the term derives from the name of the board of trade which regulated the electricity industry until 1942 when the ministry of power took over 18 it is distinct from a british thermal unit btu which is 1055 j in india the kilowatt hour is often simply called a unit of energy a million units designated mu is a gigawatt hour and a bu billion units is a terawatt hour 19 20 related units edit the capacity of a battery is usually expressed in ampere hours ah it can be calculated from the battery energy in watt hours wh by multiplying by the voltage of the power source this value is approximate since the battery voltage is not constant during its discharge and because higher discharge rates reduce the total amount of energy that the battery can provide in the case of devices that output a different voltage than the battery it is the battery voltage typically 3 7 v for li ion that must be used to calculate rather than the device output for example usually 5 0 v for usb portable chargers this results in a 500 ma usb device running for about 3 7 hours on a 2 500 mah battery not five hours see also edit ampere hour electric vehicle battery electric energy consumption ieee std 260 1 2004 orders of magnitude energy references edit thompson ambler and taylor barry n 2008 guide for the use of the international system of units si archived 3 june 2016 at the wayback machine special publication 811 gaithersburg md national institute of standards and technology 12 half high dots or spaces are used to express a derived unit formed from two or more other units by multiplication barry n taylor 2001 ed the international system of units archived 3 june 2016 at the wayback machine special publication 330 gaithersburg md national institute of standards and technology 20 iec electropedia entry 131 11 58 archived 14 march 2016 at the wayback machine see for example wind energy reference manual part 2 energy and power definitions archived 26 november 2007 at the wayback machine danish wind energy association retrieved 9 january 2008 kilowatt hour kwh archived 2 march 2016 at the wayback machine businessdictionary com retrieved 9 january 2008 us nuclear power industry archived 26 november 2007 at the wayback machine www world nuclear org retrieved 9 january 2008 energy a beginners guide making sense of units archived 26 november 2007 at the wayback machine renew on line uk the open university retrieved 9 january 2008 astm si10 10 ieee astm si 10 american national standard for metric practice astm international west conshohocken pa 2010 www astm org the symbols for certain compound units of electrical power engineering are usually written without separation thus watthour wh kilowatthour kwh voltampere va and kilovoltampere kva 1 2 3 the international system of units si pdf international bureau of weights and measures bipm 2019 p 147 retrieved 7 april 2020 standard for the use of the international system of units si the modern metric system 1997 ieee astm si 10 1997 new york and west conshohocken pa institute of electrical and electronics engineers and astm 15 10 57 units derived from si base units the chicago manual of style 17 ed chicago university of chicago press 2017 retrieved 1 april 2020 guide for the use of the international system of units si pdf national institute of standards and technology 2008 retrieved 6 april 2020 reference 4 iso 31 0 suggests that if a space is used to indicate units formed by multiplication the space may be omitted if it does not cause confusion this possibility is reflected in the common practice of using the symbol kwh rather than kw h or kw h for the kilowatt hour nevertheless this guide takes the position that a half high dot or a space should always be used to avoid possible confusion electric vehicles learn more about the new label fueleconomy gov us department of energy retrieved 10 august 2014 average price of electricity to ultimate customers by end use sector u s energy information administration april 2018 understanding electric demand archived 6 june 2016 at the wayback machine national grid how much electricity does an american home use u ...