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links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from weathervane meteorological instrumentation used for showing the direction of the wind weathercock redirects here for what is commonly referred to as a weathercock in the u s and canada see windpump for similar terms see weathervanes look up weather vane in wiktionary the free dictionary a wind vane weather vane or weathercock is a type of anemoscope used for showing the direction of the wind it is typically used as an architectural ornament to the highest point of a building the word vane comes from the old english word fana meaning flag a cockerel is a traditional figure used as a vane placed on top of the cardinal directions although partly functional wind vanes are generally decorative often featuring the traditional cockerel design with letters indicating the points of the compass other common motifs include ships arrows and horses not all wind vanes have pointers in a sufficiently strong wind the head of the arrow or cockerel or equivalent will indicate the direction from which the wind is blowing wind vanes are also found on small wind turbines to keep the wind turbine pointing into the wind if employed on a boat they are referred to as apparent wind indicators history edit wind vanes feature on small horizontal axis wind turbines the oldest known textual references to weather vanes date from 1800 1600 bce babylon where a fable called the fable of the willow describes people looking at a weather vane for the direction of the wind 1 in china the huainanzi dating from around 139 bc mentions a thread or streamer that another commentator interprets as wind observing fan hou feng shin 侯風扇 2 the tower of the winds in the agora in hellenistic athens once bore on its roof a weather vane in the form of a bronze triton holding a rod in his outstretched hand rotating as the wind changed direction below this a frieze depicted the eight greek wind deities the eight metre high structure also featured sundials and a water clock inside it dated from around 50 bc 3 military documents from the three kingdoms period of china 220 280 ad refer to the weather vane as five ounces wu liang 五兩 named after the weight of its materials 2 by the third century chinese weather vanes were shaped like birds and took the name of wind indicating bird xiang feng wu 相風烏 the sanfu huangtu 三輔黃圖 a third century book written by miao changyan about the palaces at chang an describes a bird shaped weather vane situated on a tower roof 2 the oldest surviving weather vane with the shape of a rooster is the gallo di ramperto made in 820 and now preserved in the museo di santa giulia in brescia lombardy 4 5 vikings were known for creating ornamental gilded weathervanes they were originally crafted to adorn longships however became reappropriated for church use after the ships were retired 6 a notable example is the söderala vane from c 1050 christianity edit oast houses have wind steered vanes to ensure a controlled draught of air flows through the building pope gregory i in office 590 to 604 regarded the cockerel as the most suitable emblem of christianity being the emblem of saint peter a reference to luke 22 34 in which jesus predicts that peter will deny him three times before the rooster crows 7 8 pope leo iv in office 847 to 855 had a weathercock placed on the old st peter s basilica or old constantinian basilica 9 as a result of this 7 rooster representations gradually came into use as a weather vanes on church steeples and in the ninth century pope nicholas i 10 in office 858 to 867 ordered the figure to be placed on every church steeple 11 the bayeux tapestry likely commissioned by bishop odo of bayeux in the 1070s depicts a man installing a weathercock on westminster abbey 12 one alternative theory about the origin of weathercocks on church steeples sees them as emblems of the vigilance of the clergy calling the people to prayer 13 another theory says that the weathercock was not a christian symbol 14 but an emblem of the sun 15 derived from the goths 16 a modern scientific weathervane gives the direction of the wind as an electrical signal a few churches used weather vanes in the shape of the emblems of their patron saints the city of london has two surviving examples the weather vane of st peter upon cornhill is not in the shape of a rooster but of a key 17 while st lawrence jewry s weather vane has the form of a gridiron symbolising saint lawrence 18 dragon weather vane from the index to american design national gallery of art modern use edit early weather vanes had very ornamental pointers but modern weather vanes usually feature simple arrows that dispense with the directionals because the instrument is connected to a remote reading station an early example of this was installed in the royal navy s admiralty building in london the vane on the roof was mechanically linked to a large dial in the boardroom so senior officers were always aware of the wind direction when they met modern aerovanes combine the directional vane with an anemometer a device for measuring the speed of the wind co locating both instruments allows them to use the same axis a vertical rod and provides a coordinated readout according to the guinness world records the world s largest weather vane is a tío pepe sherry advertisement located in jerez spain the city of montague michigan also claims to have the largest standard design weather vane being a ship and arrow which measures 48 feet 15 m tall with an arrow 26 feet 7 9 m long 19 a challenger for the title of the world s largest weather vane is located in whitehorse yukon in canada the weather vane is a retired douglas dc 3 cf cpy atop a swiveling support located at the yukon transportation museum 20 beside whitehorse international airport the weather vane is used by pilots to determine wind direction used as a landmark by tourists and enjoyed by locals the weather vane only requires a 5 knot wind to rotate 21 a notably tall weathervane is located in westlock alberta the classic weather vane that reaches to 59 feet 18 m is topped by a 1942 case model d tractor this landmark is located at the canadian tractor museum 22 slang term edit the term weather vane is also slang for a politician who has frequent changes of opinion implying they take and change positions based on which way the wind is blowing opinions of others rather than personal or political principles a flip flopper the national assembly of quebec banned this use as unparliamentary language after its use by members 23 gallery edit weather vanes the gallo di ramperto museo di santa giulia in brescia italy the oldest surviving weather vane in the shape of a rooster in the world weather vane in the shape of a pelican and bell on the roof of the cathedral saint étienne of bourges france creuë gibbet weather vane dating from the 17th century france weather vanes on the tallinn town hall the taller one is the iconic old thomas weather vane with dial new register house edinburgh scotland uk 1808 illustration of the board of admiralty a wind indicator can be seen on the end wall tío pepe weather vane in jerez guinness world record of the largest weather vane that works the douglas dc 3 that now serves as a weather vane at yukon transportation museum located beside the whitehorse international airport a jin pole being used to install a weather vane atop the 61 m 200 ft steeple of a church in kingston new york weathercock with verdigris patina huge weather vane in vilnius is among the largest in europe weather vane video whirligig weather vane at the minnesota history center weathercock on the former thomas house ja kobe japan see also edit list of weather instruments weather station windsock in aviation references edit neumann j and parpola s 1989 wind vanes in ancient mesopotamia about 2000 1500bc bulleting of the american meteorological society vol 64 no 10 1 2 3 needham joseph ling wang 1959 science and civilisation in china mathematics and the sciences of the heavens and the earth vol 3 cambridge university press p 478 noble joseph v price derek j de solla october 1968 the water clock in the tower of the winds american journal of archaeology 72 4 345 355 353 doi 10 2307 503828 jstor 503828 s2cid 193112893 rossana prestini vicende faustiniane in aa vv la chiesa e il monastero benedettino di san faustino maggiore in brescia gruppo banca lombarda la scuola brescia 1999 p 243 fedele savio gli antichi vescovi d italia la lombardia bergamo 1929 p hi 188 viking weathervanes penelope uchicago edu retrieved 29 june 2025 1 2 john g r forlong encyclopedia of religions a d page 471 edward walford george latimer apperson 1888 the antiquary a magazine devoted to the study of the past vol 17 e stock p 202 st peter s basilica org providing information on st peter s basilica and square in the vatican city the treasury museum jerry adler andrew lawler june 2012 how the chicken conquered the world smithsonian bulletin of the pennsylvania museum vol 1 5 pennsylvania museum of art pennsylvania museum and school of industrial art philadelphia museum of art 1906 p 14 sir frank stenton ed et al the bayeux tapestry a comprehensive survey london phaidon 1957 revised 1965 thomas ignatius m forster circle of the seasons p 18 william white notes and queries hargrave jennings phallicism p 72 william shepard walsh a handy book of curious information history of london vanity and wind wordpress archived from the original on 13 october 2016 retrieved 1 june 2016 our weather vane st lawrence jewry retrieved 1 june 2016 the world s largest weather vane ella ellenwood archived from the original on 2012 02 29 retrieved 2010 06 01 goytm ca dc 3 cf cpy the world s largest weather vane explorenorth explorenorth retrieved 2010 02 13 dunford les 31 may 2023 tractor museum s weatherwave stands at 59 feet town and country today retrieved 29 june 2025 quebec bans weathervane insult metro 2007 10 17 archived from the original on 2007 10 23 retrieved 2019 06 18 further reading edit bishop robert coblentz patricia 1981 a gallery of american weather vanes and whirligigs new york dutton isbn 9780525931515 burnell marcia 1991 heritage above a tribute to maine s tradition of weather vanes camden me down east books isbn 9780892722785 crépeau pierre portelance pauline 1990 pointing at the wind the weather vane collection of the canadian museum of civilization hull quebec canadian museum of civilization isbn 9780660129044 fitzgerald ken 1967 weathervanes whirligigs new york c n potter kaye myrna 1975 yankee weathervanes new york dutton isbn 9780525238591 klamkin charles 1973 weather vanes the history design and manufacture of an american folk art new york hawthorn books oclc 756017 lane arts council or 1994 whirligigs weathervanes eugene or visual arts resources oclc 33052846 lynch kenneth crowell andrew durkee 1971 weathervanes architectural handbook series canterbury cn canterbury publishing company oclc 1945107 messent claude john wilson 1937 the weather vanes of norfolk norwich norwich fletcher son limited oclc 5318669 miller steve 1984 the art of the weathervane exton pa schiffer pub isbn 9780887400056 mockridge patricia mockridge philip 1990 weather vanes of great britain london hale isbn 9780709037224 needham albert 1953 english weather vanes their stories and legends from medieval to modern times haywards heath sussex c clarke oclc 1472757 nesbitt ilse buchert nesbitt alexander 1970 weathercocks and weathercreatures some examples of early american folk art from the collection of the shelburne museum vermont newport ri third elm press oclc 155708 neumann j paropla s 1989 wind vanes in ancient mesopotamia about 2000 1500 b c bulletin of the american meteorological society pagdin w e 1949 the story of the weather cock stockton on tees e appleby reaveley mabel e kunhardt priscilla 1984 weathervane secrets dublin nh w l bauhan isbn 9780872330757 westervelt a b westervelt w t 1982 american antique weather vanes the complete illustrated westervelt catalog of 1883 new york dover isbn 9780486243962 external links edit media related to weather vanes at wikimedia commons v t e earth based meteorological equipment and instrumentation anemometer atmometer barograph barometer ceiling balloon ceiling projector ceilometer dark adaptor goggles dewcell disdrometer dropsonde field mill heat flux sensor hygrometer ice accretion indicator lidar lightning detector lightning prediction system nephelometer nephoscope pan evaporation pyranometer pyrheliometer present weather sensor radiosonde rain gauge snow gauge snowboard snow pillow sodar solarimeter sounding rocket stevenson screen sunshine recorder tethersonde thermo hygrograph thermometer tide gauge transmissometer weather balloon weather buoy weather radar weather vane whole sky camera wind profiler windsock v t e lawn and garden ornaments lawn bird bath bathtub madonna concrete aboriginal concrete goose garden gnome lawn jockey plastic flamingo skelly suncatcher whirligig yard globe garden fairy door flower box window box eyecatcher folly garden furniture hanging basket landscape lighting nest box outdoor fireplace rain chain sculpture suikinkutsu sundial topiary tōrō weather vane wind chime wishing well category commons ornaments v t e roofs shapes barrel roof board roof bochka roof bow roof butterfly roof clerestory conical roof dome flat roof gable roof gablet roof gambrel roof half hipped roof hip roof onion dome mansard roof pavilion roof saddle roof sawtooth roof shed roof tented roof elements attic catslide chimney collar beam dormer eaves flashing gable green roof gutter joist lightning rod loft purlin rafter ridge vent roof garden roof ridge roof tiles roof truss roof window shingles skylight soffit solar panels spire weathervane wind brace authority control databases international gnd national united states france bnf data israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title weather_vane oldid 1365675004 categories ancient inventions greek inventions hellenistic engineering meteorological instrumentation and equipment wind hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles containing old english ca 450 1100 language text articles containing chinese language text pages using gallery without a media namespace prefix commons category link is on wikidata articles containing video clips this page was last edited on 23 july 2026 at 20 15 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 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