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west chadic languages wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 languages 2 internal structure 3 distribution 4 history of dispersal 5 reconstruction 6 phonology 7 numerals 8 references 9 external links toggle the table of contents west chadic languages 17 languages تۆرکجه বাংলা brezhoneg català español فارسی français hausa hrvatski igbo македонски nederlands occitan polski português русский simple english edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia afro asiatic language branch of west africa west chadic geographic distribution niger nigeria linguistic classification afro asiatic chadic west chadic subdivisions a 1 hausa gwandara a 2 bole tangale a 3 angas a 4 ron b 1 bade b 2 warji b 3 barawa language codes glottolog west2785 west chadic per newman 1977 main chadic speaking peoples in nigeria hausa speaking areas in nigeria and niger roger blench s 2020 classification of west chadic b the west chadic languages of the afro asiatic family are spoken principally in niger and nigeria they include hausa the most populous chadic language and a major language of west africa languages edit the branches of west chadic go either by names or by letters and numbers in an outline format 1 west chadic hausa gwandara a 1 hausa gwandara bole angas bole tangale a 2 north bole proper bure karekare bole gera geruma deno galambu giiwo kubi ngamo maaka maagha ɓeele daza dazawa pali south tangale kwaami pero piya kwonci kholok nyam kushi goji kutto kupto tangale dera kanakuru angas central west chadic 2 a 3 3 ngasic ngas angas belnəng mwaghavulic mwaghavul mupun mapun takas toos cakfem mushere miship chip pan cluster chakato jorto jipal mernyang mirriam kwagallak kofyar doemak bwol goram jibyal nteng tel tɛɛl montol talic tal pyapun koenoem goemaic goemai yiwom ywom gerka 3 ron a 4 4 fyer tambas ron bokkos daffo butura mangar monguna shagawu duhwa karfa kulere tof richa kamwai marhai mundat sha bade warji bade b 1 duwai bade shira ngizim teshenawa auyokawa warji north bauchi 5 b 2 pa a warji diri ciwogai kariya vinahə mburku miya siri zumbun jimbin ajawa barawa south bauchi b 3 zaar dass geji polci polchi saya zari zeem guruntum guruntum mbaaru ju tala zangwal boghom jimi jum boghom kir balar mangas in addition poki is purportedly west chadic but no data is available internal structure edit george starostin s 2010 internal classification of west chadic 6 as presented in blažek 2010 7 west chadic west chadic a hausa gwandara ron bole angas bole tangale angas sura west chadic b bade ngizim bauchi north bauchi south bauchi roger blench s 2021 internal classification of west chadic 8 west chadic hausa gwandara core west chadic ron bole tangale bade ngizim north bauchi south bauchi a3 central west distribution edit distributions of west chadic branches 9 branch code primary locations distributions of west chadic branches 9 hausa gwandara a1 northern nigeria and niger bole tangale a2 darazo lga bauchi state yobe taraba gombe borno states angas a3 shendam and mangu lgas plateau state ron a4 mangu lga plateau state bade b1 bade lga borno state south bauchi b2 darazo and ningi lgas bauchi state north bauchi b3 bauchi state toro dass tafawa balewa bauchi lgas history of dispersal edit roger blench 2022 suggests that west chadic languages may have spread via a gradual agricultural dispersal in central nigeria starting from 3 000 4 000 years ago blench notes that west chadic morphology has been heavily influenced by plateau languages likely as a result of long term intermarriage that occurred as west chadic incomers took local wives who spoke plateau languages 10 reconstruction edit although no full reconstruction of west chadic has been published reconstructions of numerals for west chadic and its subgroups have been proposed by václav blažek 2018 7 phonology edit the labial velar consonants kp and gb widespread in plateau and other niger congo languages but uncommon in chadic languages can be found in ron languages and in certain west chadic a3 and bole tangale languages these consonants were borrowed from plateau languages due to intensive long term contact however other phonological features typical of plateau and niger congo languages such as atr and vowel harmony are not found in west chadic languages 10 numerals edit comparison of numerals in individual languages 11 classification language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 a a 1 gwandara da bi úkù úɡú nimbia dialect huru furu nimbia dialect bìyàri bìyàr nimbia dialect ʃídà ʃídə́ nimbia dialect bákwè boʔo nimbia dialect tákùʃì táɡə́r nimbia dialect tárà tãrã nimbia dialect ɡóm̀ ɡóŋ̀ ɡwóm nim dialect a a 1 hausa ɗájá bíjú ʔúkù ʔúkkù west hausa fúɗú bìjár ʃídà ʃíddà west hausa bákwài tákwàs tárà ɡóːmà a a 2 bole bele móoɗì bòló kùnú fòɗɗó bàaɗì bàccímóoɗì báawùló ɓóorùɗó 2 x 4 ɓòowùnò bìmbáɗí a a 2 bole karekare karekare wáɗí bèːlú kúːnùː fèːɗú bàːɗú bàcóːɗì 5 1 bàcíbèːlú 5 2 fífèːɗú 2 x 4 ɓànnù mbáɗ a a 2 bole bole proper bole móoɗì bòláu kúnùm pòɗɗó bàɗì bàššimóoɗì báawúló póorɗó 2 x 4 ɓòonùm bìmbáɗí a a 2 bole bole proper bure bubure móɗé máló kúnú ʄóɗó báɗé básúmé básùmáló 5 2 ʄórʄóɗó 2 x 4 ɓárdzìmóɗé 10 1 bárbáɗè a a 2 bole bole proper galambu múuri m̀bàál kúun páryá bòorí bɪ́címɪ́n bùcù m̀bàl 5 2 hórró bàryà múuri 10 1 bár a a 2 bole bole proper gera móóyi mbùlú kúnú fúɗú bàaɗì bèeshím bìccìmbùlú 5 2 húrɗú ɓànìnjà barija bàrɗí barr a a 2 bole bole proper geruma mô mon m̀bàalú mbàalúŋ kúnú kúnúŋ fúɗú húɗúŋ bàaɗì bàalí bècə́m bàzə̀mbàalú 5 2 húrɗú úrɗúŋ ɓár jà ɓáráɗì ɓárári a a 2 bole bole proper kholok widala ɗók pèlòw bùnùm pèeròw faàt faàr foòròmìnì paàlìlàw bìrbìròw pìrpìròw kómbóy ɓùmmò a a 2 bole bole proper kirfi giiwo móoɗì mbàlú kúnú fáɗáu bòoɗ bìccúuni bìcímbàlu 5 2 fórfáɗó 2 x 4 bàr jà móoɗi 10 1 pàtà a a 2 bole bole proper maaka mōɗì bòllu kūǹ paɗɗu bà bìnkinù nɡā̀nù or bákwài hausa jìlai kwàlak bìmba a a 2 bole bole proper ngamo mòɗi bòlò kùnû hɔ̀ɗò bât bàʔàʃìmòɗi 5 1 babìlò 5 2 hɔɔrɗò 2 x 4 ɓònù bimbaɗ 2 x 5 a a 2 bole bole proper nyam mɔ̀dɔ́ fùllúk kùnúŋ hɔ̀dúk hwàt fármé fáró fùllúk 5 2 húrú ɡùdùk 2 x 4 láɡó mɔ̀dɔ́ 10 1 kùumò litː kumo ear a a 2 tangale dera dera kanakuru ɗuwey rap kunu paraw bât byême bwelà torìmen wanɗumwe 10 1 ɡûm a a 2 tangale tangale proper kupto kutto ɗékkíré fáláw páláw kùnùŋ fàɗàw pàɗàw fáat páat fáyɗìn páyɗìn fáyláw páyláw fàrfìɗòw lèbìɗà kómó a a 2 tangale tangale proper kushi ɗòk pə̀llòw tàat péeròw fwàt fúwàt fàràɡbànàŋ fàrlów pìdiɗòw fɔ̀jèràw kpèmù a a 2 tangale tangale proper kwaami múndí póllów fóllów kúnúm póɗòw fóɗòw páaɗí fáaɗí páyíndì fáyíndì 5 1 pópíllów fófíllów 5 2 pówùrɗòw fówùrɗòw 2 x 4 làmbáɗà kúmó a a 2 tangale tangale proper pero pipero ɗók bélòw ɡ͡bónòŋ béeɗòw púat fwát páttira múndi páttira bélòw bídìdow kómpòy kómvòy kó k͡púmmò a a 2 tangale tangale proper piya mùndí pèelów ɡbùnùm pèeɗòw fàat pàtìrà mùndí 5 1 pàtìrà pèelów 5 2 pèdìpìɗów 2 x 4 kòmbòy kùmmó a a 2 tangale tangale proper po tangale 1 dɔk ràp kúnuŋ pàdàó fùwàt pàíndì pèláù pàpádà 2 x 4 làmbùdà ɡ͡bɔmɔ a a 2 tangale tangale proper tangale shongom 2 dɔ́k ráp kúnúŋ sɛ́rɛɪ̀ pʊ́wàd páyɪ̀nɗɪ́ péelòu párpàɗá 2 x 4 lámɓɗà ɡ͡bɔ́mɔ́ a a 3 angas proper 1 angas ngas ɡàk báp kʷán fír pɛ̀t pìmí 5 1 pòbáp 5 2 pòkʷún 5 3 pòfár 5 4 sàr a a 3 angas proper 1 kofyar mé vəl kún féer paàt pèmə 5 1 pòɡòvəl 5 2 pòɡòkun 5 3 pòɡòfár 5 4 sàr a a 3 angas proper 1 miship chip 1 kəme vəl kun feer baat pemee 5 1 pokvəl 5 2 pokkun 5 3 pokfaar 5 4 sár a a 3 angas proper 1 miship chip 2 me vɨl kun fɛr paàt pemɛ 5 1 pɔ̀ɡɔ̀vɨl 5 2 pɔ̀ɡɔ̀kun 5 3 pɔ̀ɡɔ̀far 5 4 sə̀r a a 3 angas proper 1 cakfem mushere kume vel kun feer paat peemee 5 1 feermeekum 4 3 feertiit 4 x 2 paatmeefeer 5 4 kakapaat 5 x 2 a a 3 angas proper 1 mwaghavul mupun sura mə́ndòŋ və́l kún féer páat péemè 5 1 póvə̀l 5 2 pòkún 5 3 pòféer 5 4 kàapàt və́l 5 x 2 a a 3 angas proper 2 goemai ankwe mée ɡə̀mée və́l kún fə́r pʰá t pʰə̀mə́ 5 1 pʰə̀və́l 5 2 pʰùkún 5 3 pʰə̀fár 5 4 sár a a 3 angas proper 2 tal mɛ́nɛ vɨ́ɛ́l kún fɛi pàːt pɨ̀mɛ́ mɛ́fɛ́imɛ́kúːn pàːfɛ́i mɛ́ːpàː sár a a 4 ron proper ron daffo ɗaŋɡât fu l fu lál yuhún púʔ hárá mako ŋ melo k mafwaráʔ yèlâm hùrè b b 1 duwai duwai ɡùɗìyò ʃirì kô fə̀ɗú vā̀ɗ ə̀jdə̀ɡərma sə̀və̀sə̀ri tlə̀və̀sə̀ri ə̀jldàakò wā̀rìyà ɡùumà b b 1 bade proper bade ɡàɗi sərən kwan fəɗu vàɗì ə̀zdù ɡatkasà ɬədàakwà warayà ɡuumà b b 1 bade proper ngizim kə́ɗə́n counting ɡàyí enumat ʃírín kwán fə́ɗú vàaɗ zə̀dù ɡátkásà dándàfə́ɗú 2 x 4 kúɗkûvdà ɡúmà b b 2 dira diri num rɔp mɪyaxkən wupsɛ nəmtəm mukkə̀ ŋyɪniŋɡì wùzupsè 2 x 4 vwanùm 10 1 kwuɬ b b 2 miya wútə̀ tsə̀r kìdi fə̀ɗə vàaɬə màaha 5 1 mààtsə̀r 5 2 fə́rfəɗə 2 x 4 kùcìyà də́rɓitim b b 3 dass of dott nə̀m rwáp mààɣí wùupsí nàmtám màamaɣ muumáɣ wúsúrmàɣè wúsúpsì 2 x 4 nàturə́psi nàtàrə́psi zùp b b 3 boghom boghom nyìm ɓáap pā́p ɡbwàap mói múpsí ndàuní ndóoní màak nyàŋɡí ɓóopsí ʔáamsóyìm 10 1 ŋəmàs wuur nyìm b b 3 boghom mangas nim ɓíin mween ùpsi tùun màɣà nyíŋɡi ɡàamzi kúrúmsa zúp b b 3 eastern jimi nintóo rwá mwaikán mwenkán ihyú namtáŋ namtám máakoo inkóo ɡuhyú 2 x 4 kə́skəníntoo kə́zə̀kə̀níntò 10 1 ndəɓóo ɗúbó b b 3 guruntum guruntum ʃàak raap miyaŋ ooso kʸuwun môon nʸeene ɡèesau ɗáar zùp b b 3 guruntum zangwal zangur nə́m kwáap màyà wúusù nàmtàm màaɡa nyínìɡì ʔáasuʔáasù 2 x 4 áatə̀nə̀n súp b b 3 zaar proper geji gyazi 1 nə̀m lôp mèkan wupsì nàmtan mukkà nitɡi wùsupsì 2 x 4 topsi kuɬ b b 3 zaar proper geji gezawa 2 nɨ̀m lôp mèkən wupsì nə̀mtəŋ mukkə̀ nininɡi wùsupsì 2 x 4 nə̀topsi kuɬ b b 3 zaar proper polci palci nɨ̀m rǒp miyèn wupsɨ̀ nə̀mtəm maɣà wusɨ̀rmìyen 4 3 wɨsɨpsɨ̀ 2 x 4 nàtoropsɨ̀ zup b b 3 zaar proper saya nàmbə́ŋ mbə̀ɬíŋ máajìi wúpsə̀ nândə̀m lîim wátsə̀maí tántán tɔ́knándə́m zúp references edit blench roger 2006 the afro asiatic languages classification and reference list ms blench roger 2019 jakato an undocumented language of central nigeria 1 2 blench roger 2017 current research on the a3 west chadic languages blench roger comparative ron wordlist blench roger 2012 linguistic and cultural background to the north bauchi region and the wiihə people starostin george 2010 afroasiatic classification preliminary results of the modified glottochronological test manuscript 1 2 blažek václav 2018 the numerals of west chadic topics in chadic linguistics ix papers from the 8th biennial international colloquium on the chadic languages bayreuth february 4 5 2016 blench roger 2021 the erosion of number marking in west chadic roger blench wocal leiden 1 2 blench roger 2019 an atlas of nigerian languages 4th ed cambridge kay williamson educational foundation 1 2 blench roger 2022 contact between west chadic and plateau languages new evidence languages new evidence 11 12 november 2022 presentation given at universität wien chan eugene 2019 the afro asiatic language phylum numeral systems of the world s languages external links edit the yobe languages research project by the late russell g schuh of ucla west chadic resources archived 2011 05 24 at the wayback machine at africanlanguages org v t e west chadic languages hausa gwandara a 1 gwandara hausa bole tangale a 2 bole ɓeele bole bure daza deno galambu gera geruma giiwo karai karai kubi ngamo maaka pali tangale goji kanakuru kholok kulung kutto kwaami nyam pero piya kwonci tangale angas a 3 belnəng cakfem mushere chakato jorto goemai jibyal koenoem miler miship montol mwaghavul ngas nteng pan pyapun tal yiwom ron a 4 duhwa fyer kulere mundat ron bokkos daffo butura shagawu sha tambas bade b 1 auyokawa bade shirawa ɗuwai ngizim teshenawa north bauchi warji b 2 ajawa ciwogai diri kariya mburku miya paʼa siri warji zumbun south bauchi barawa b 3 zaar dass geji polci saya zari zeem guruntum guruntum mbaaru ju tala zangwal boghom boghom jimi jum kir balar mangas others poki italics indicate extinct languages see also chadic languages authority control databases international gnd national france bnf data retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title west_chadic_languages oldid 1270143823 categories chadic languages west chadic languages languages of nigeria hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 18 january 2025 at 03 42 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional 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