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the (99), australian (63), and (59), languages (52), dialect (51), western (48), #language (46), aboriginal (45), desert (36), australia (36), indigenous (31), strait (28), people (28), torres (27), institute (25), islander (25), studies (25), database (25), south (20), dialects (17), edit (16), wangka (15), sign (15), park (15), pitjantjatjara (14), kukatja (13), pama (12), nyungan (12), yankunytjatjara (12), martu (12), are (12), luritja (11), northern (10), territory (10), with (9), wati (9), pintupi (9), national (8), have (8), wikipedia (7), articles (7), from (7), other (7), conservation (7), ngaanyatjarra (7), kuwarra (7), a68 (7), links (6), english (6), ranges (6), communities (6), ngalia (6), kokatha (6), wangkatja (6), ngaatjatjarra (6), nakako (6), one (6), has (6), wdl (6), page (5), 2024 (5), different (5), retrieved (5), wik (5), families (5), aborigines (5), native (5), history (5), list (5), areas (5), also (5), see (5), yulparija (5), wangkajunga (5), tjupan (5), 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thanda, eyre, part, gawler, elliot, price, dhilba, guuranda, innes, managed, willoughby, kutjara, ngiṉṯaka, muldjewangk, tjilbruke, etc, tjukurrpa, muda, dreamtime, arkaroo, adnoartina, culture, religion, tauondi, college, court, kupa, piṯi, kungka, tjuṯa, football, club, anangu, movement, organisations, tjayanka, woods, chad, wingard, norah, ginger, wikilyiri, warrulan, natasha, gavin, faith, thomas, moogy, sumner, eileen, yaritja, stevens, tauto, sansbury, nura, rupert, frances, rings, alitya, rigney, loughlin, lowitja, donoghue, lewis, brien, douglas, nicholls, betty, muffler, patty, mills, natascha, mcnamara, kudnarto, tjungkara, ivaritji, hunter, hammond, colin, cecil, tuppy, ngintja, goodwin, adam, goodes, stevie, goldsmith, gladys, elphick, deadly, nannas, nyakul, dawson, vince, copley, malcolm, cooper, kevin, buzzacott, hector, burton, shaun, peter, iris, jack, buckskin, richie, bray, tom, walker, poltpalingada, booboorowie, maringka, jimmy, josie, agius, ian, abdulla, notable, 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Text of the page (random words):
alia where there was formerly a long running bilingual program citation needed phonology edit in the following tables of the wdl sound system symbols in angle brackets give a typical practical orthography used by many wdl communities further details of orthographies in use in different areas are given below phonetic values in ipa are shown in square brackets citation needed vowels edit front back close i i iː ii u u uː uu open a a aː aa the western desert language has the common for australia three vowel system with a length distinction creating a total of six possible vowels citation needed consonants edit peripheral laminal apical bilabial velar palatal alveolar retroflex plosive p p k k c tj t t ʈ rt nasal m m ŋ ng ɲ ny n n ɳ rn trill r rr lateral ʎ ly l l ɭ rl approximant w w j y ɻ r as shown in the chart the wdl distinguishes five positions of articulation and has oral and nasal occlusives at each position the stops have no phonemic voice distinction but display voiced and unvoiced allophones stops are usually unvoiced at the beginning of a word and voiced elsewhere in both positions they are usually unaspirated there are no fricative consonants citation needed orthography edit while the dialects of the wdl have very similar phonologies there are several different orthographies in use resulting from the preferences of the different early researchers as well as the fact that the wdl region extends into three states western australia south australia and the northern territory with each having its own history of language research and educational policy citation needed sign language edit main article australian aboriginal sign languages most of the peoples of central australia have or at one point had signed forms of their languages among the western desert peoples sign language has been reported specifically for kardutjara and yurira watjalku 31 ngaatjatjarra ngada 32 and manjiljarra signed kardutjara and yurira watjalku are known to have been well developed though it is not clear from records that signed ngada and manjiljarra were 33 references edit 1 2 a80 western desert at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies pitjantjatjara language alphabet and pronunciation www omniglot com retrieved 2017 06 23 c5 antakarinya at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies a51 kartujarra at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies c3 kokatha at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies 1 2 3 4 c7 kukatja at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies 1 2 a68 kukatja at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies 1 2 3 4 burgman albert marsh james hansen ken booth joshua 2005 martu wangka dictionary and topical finderlist 2005 draft south hedland western australia wangka maya pilbara aboriginal language centre isbn 1875946152 kuwarra goldfields aboriginal language centre retrieved 2 july 2024 liberman kenneth 1980 the decline of the kuwarra people of australia s western desert a case study of legally secured domination ethnohistory 27 2 119 133 doi 10 2307 481223 issn 0014 1801 jstor 481223 retrieved 2 july 2024 a16 kuwarra at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies 1 2 3 c7 1 luritja at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies 1 2 3 c10 pintupi at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies a51 1 manyjilyjarra at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies a33 mantjintjarra at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies 1 2 3 a86 martu wangka at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies nakako mobile language team retrieved 2 july 2024 a32 nakako at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies a38 ngaanyatjarra at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies a43 ngaatjatjarra at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies c2 ngalia at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies 1 2 a102 pindiini at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies 1 2 a12 wangkatha at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies 1 2 a103 wangkatja at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies c6 pitjantjatjara at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies a54 putijarra at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies a31 tjupan at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies a87 wangkajunga at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies c4 yankunytjatjara at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies a67 yulparija at the australian indigenous languages database australian institute of aboriginal and torres strait islander studies miller wick r 1978 a report on the sign language of the western desert australia reprinted in aboriginal sign languages of the americas and australia new york plenum press 1978 vol 2 pp 435 440 c p mountford 1938 gesture language of the ngada tribe of the warburton ranges western australia oceania 9 152 155 reprinted in aboriginal sign languages of the americas and australia new york plenum press 1978 vol 2 pp 393 396 kendon a 1988 sign languages of aboriginal australia cultural semiotic and communicative perspectives cambridge cambridge university press goddard c 1985 a grammar of yankunytjatjara alice springs iad rose david 2001 the western desert code an australian cryptogrammar canberra pacific linguistics isbn 085883 437 5 external links edit western desert section of handbook of western australian aboriginal languages south of the kimberley archived 2009 08 27 at the wayback machine v t e aboriginal peoples of south australia peoples flinders ranges adnyamathanha jadliaura kuyani wailpi far north arabana dieri also see dhirari malyangapa ngameni ngurunta pilatapa thangkaali wongkanguru also see karangura yandruwandha yarluyandi yawarrawarrka west barngarla mirning nauo wirangu river murray ngangaruku ngaralda ngaiawang ngarrindjeri ngawadj ngintait portaulun ramindjeri tanganekald warki yaraldi or jarildekald including the mulbarapa yirawirung south east bodaruwitj bungandidj mardidjali meintangk ngarkat fleurieu yorke mid north kaurna narungga ngadjuri nukunu peramangk western desert antakirinja kokatha maralinga tjarutja ngaanyatjarra ngalia pitjantjatjara yankunytjatjara communities apy lands amaṯa iltur indulkana kalka kaltjiti fregon kaṉpi makiri mimili mintabie nyapaṟi pipalyatjara pukatja ernabella umuwa watarru yunyarinyi other akenta poonindie davenport umeewarra gerard koonibba manunka nepabunna oak valley point pearce raukkan point mcleay swan reach yalata former colebrook killalpaninna ooldea notable people ian abdulla josie agius jimmy baker maringka baker poltpalingada booboorowie tom walker richie bray jack buckskin iris burgoyne peter burgoyne shaun burgoyne hector burton kevin buzzacott malcolm cooper vince copley nyakul dawson deadly nannas gladys elphick stevie goldsmith adam goodes tuppy ngintja goodwin cecil graham colin graham michael graham ruby hammond ruby hunter ivaritji tjungkara ken kudnarto natascha mcnamara patty mills betty muffler douglas nicholls lewis o brien lowitja o donoghue michael o loughlin alitya rigney frances rings nura rupert tauto sansbury eileen yaritja stevens moogy sumner faith thomas david unaipon james unaipon gavin wanganeen natasha wanganeen warrulan ginger wikilyiri norah wilson chad wingard tjayanka woods organisations aboriginal legal rights movement anangu pitjantjatjara yankunytjatjara aṉangu schools koonibba football club kupa piṯi kungka tjuṯa maralinga tjarutja nunga court tauondi aboriginal college list of aboriginal schools religion and culture adnoartina arkaroo dreamtime muda mura mura tjukurrpa etc tjilbruke muldjewangk ngiṉṯaka wati kutjara indigenous protected areas watarru mount willoughby co managed protected areas dhilba guuranda innes elliot price conservation park gawler ranges national park kati thanda lake eyre national park part kanku breakaways conservation park lake gairdner national park ikara flinders ranges national park innamincka regional reserve malkumba coongie lakes national park mamungari conservation park ngaut ngaut conservation park nullarbor wilderness protection area nullarbor regional reserve pureba conservation park strzelecki regional reserve vulkathunha gammon ranges national park wapma thura southern flinders ranges national park wabma kadarbu mound springs conservation park witjira national park yumbarra conservation park languages adnyamathanha antakirinja arabana barngarla dieri kaurna narungga ngadjuri ngamini yarluyandi ngarrindjeri paakantyi wangkangurru western desert language dialects pitjantjatjara yankunytjatjara wirangu yandruwandha yarli malyangapa yuyu language groups lower murray languages thura yura languages sign languages words aṉangu western desert language nunga aboriginal english laws aboriginal heritage act 1988 aboriginal lands trust act 1966 aboriginal witnesses act aṉangu pitjantjatjara yankunytjatjara land rights act 1981 laws concerning indigenous australians letters patent cases list of native title claims in south australia history aboriginal reserve aborigines friends association aborigines protection board australian frontier wars avenue range station massacre british colonisation of south australia british nuclear tests at maralinga royal commission hindmarsh island bridge controversy royal commission history of south australia maria massacre native school protector of aborigines royal commission on the aborigines st francis house stolen generations federal parliamentary inquiry united aborigines mission waterloo bay massacre by state or territory new south wales northern territory queensland south australia tasmania victoria western australia v t e languages of australia english varieties australian western australian south australian australian aboriginal torres strait major indigenous languages anindilyakwa arrernte burarra kalaw lagaw ya murrinh patha tiwi walmajarri warlpiri warumungu western desert luritja pintupi pitjantjatjara yolŋu matha dhuwal djambarrpuyngu language families bunuban daly 5 families darwin region 3 families isolates garrwan giimbiyu iwaidjan jarrakan macro gunwinyguan 5 6 families isolates marrku wurrugu mirndi nyulnyulan pama nyungan tangkic tasmanian 4 families tiwi worrorran yangmanic incl wagiman pidgins creoles and mixed languages angloromani bass strait pidgin broome pearling lugger pidgin cocos malay gurindji kriol kriol light warlpiri norfuk port jackson pidgin english queensland kanaka english south australian pidgin english torres strait creole major immigrant languages arabic chinese cantonese mandarin greek hindi italian korean maltese nepali punjabi spanish tagalog urdu vietnamese major foreign languages arabic chinese french german greek indonesian italian japanese spanish sign languages auslan australian aboriginal indigenous sign language australian irish sign language aboriginal australians indigenous australians v t e pama nyungan languages paman languages north adithinngithigh andjingith anguthimri alngith linnithigh mpakwithi ndra ngith arritinngithigh awngthim luthigh mpalitjanh mbiywom ndrangith ndwa ngith ngkoth unjadi uradhi atampaya yinwum wudhadhi yadhaykenu angkamuthi northeast umpila wik ayabadhu kugu muminh pakanha wik me nh wik mungkan wik ngathan wik ompom lamalamic lamalama morrobolam yalanjic barrow point gugu yalandyi kuku nyungkal guugu yimidhirr southwest koko bera kok thawa kunjen ogh undjan kuuk thaayorre kuuk yak yir yoront norman kurtjar kuthant thaypan alungul angkula aghu tharrnggala ikarranggal takalak thaypan southern mbara yanga mbabaram walangama wamin other djabugay flinders island gugadj kok narr mbariman gudhinma umbindhamu eastern pama nyungan dyirbalic dyirbal nyawaygi warrgamay wulguru yuru maric badjiri bidjara biri biri proper kingkel bayali darumbal warrongo yanda guwa yirandhali waka kabic barunggam gabi gabi gureng gureng tulua wakawaka wuliwuli durubalic guwar pimpama janday nunukul turrbal gumbaynggiric kumbainggar yaygir wiradhuric gamilaraay ngiyambaa wiradjuri yuin kuric darkinjung dharug dhanggati ngarigo ngunnawal gundungurra tharawal dharawal dhurga dyirringany thawa yugambal marbal worimi awabakal gathang gippsland dhudhuroa gunaikurnai bidhawal pallanganmiddang yugambeh bandjalang waalubal yugambeh githabul bundjalung other anewan kalaw lagaw ya yidiny bigambul guyambal lower burdekin bindal southern pama nyungan yotayotic yabula yabula yorta yorta kulinic kolakngat kulin dja dja wurrung wathaurong western victoria wemba wemba barababaraba ledji ledji madhi madhi nari nari wadi wadi wergaia woiwurrung taungurung bunurong bindjali drual bungandidj dhauwurd wurrung kuurn kopan noot lower murray keramin ngayawung yaralde yitha yitha yuyu thura yura adnyamathanha barngarla kaurna kuyani narungga nauo ngadjuri nukunu wirangu mirniny mirning ngadjunmaya nyungic galaagu kalaamaya natingero nyungar western pama nyungan kartu badimaya malgana thaagurda nhanda nhanhagardi wajarri yinggarda kanyara mantharta kanyara burduna bayungu thalanyji pinikura mantharta tharrgari warriyangka thiin jiwarli ngayarta jurruru kurrama martuthunira ngarla ngarluma kariyarra nhuwala nyamal nyiyaparli panyjima yindjibarndi yinhawangka marrngu karajarri mangala nyangumarta northern pama nyungan ngumpin yapa ngarrga warlmanpa warlpiri ngumpin walmajarri djaru gurindji bilinarra mudburra warumungu warumungu warluwaric wagaya bularnu yindjilandji warluwarra yanyuwa kalkatungic kalkatungu yalarnnga mayi mayi kulan mayi kutuna ngawun yolŋu dh...