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wheelbase wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 vehicles toggle vehicles subsection 1 1 varying wheelbases within nameplate 1 2 bikes 1 3 skateboards 2 rail 3 see also 4 references toggle the table of contents wheelbase 32 languages العربية azərbaycanca беларуская тарашкевіца čeština deutsch esperanto español فارسی français galego hrvatski bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 latviešu македонски монгол bahasa melayu nederlands norsk bokmål polski português română русский simple english slovenčina српски srpski svenska türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels for the british tv series of the same name see wheelbase tv series this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources wheelbase news newspapers books scholar jstor december 2011 learn how and when to remove this message wheelbase measured between rotational center hubs of wheels bike geometry parameters the wheelbase of a bicycle in both road and rail vehicles the wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels for road vehicles with more than two axles for example some trucks and buses the wheelbase is the distance between the steering front axle and the centerpoint of the driving axle group in the case of a tri axle truck or bus the wheelbase would be the distance between the steering axle and a point midway between the two rear axles 1 vehicles edit the wheelbase of a vehicle equals the distance between its front and rear wheels at equilibrium the total torque of the forces acting on a vehicle is zero therefore the wheelbase is related to the force on each pair of tires by the following formula f f d r l m g displaystyle f_ f d_ r over l mg f r d f l m g displaystyle f_ r d_ f over l mg where f f displaystyle f_ f is the force on the front tires f r displaystyle f_ r is the force on the rear tires l displaystyle l is the wheelbase d r displaystyle d_ r is the distance from the center of mass cm to the rear wheels d f displaystyle d_ f is the distance from the center of mass to the front wheels d f displaystyle d_ f d r displaystyle d_ r l displaystyle l m displaystyle m is the mass of the vehicle and g displaystyle g is the gravity constant so for example when a truck is loaded its center of gravity shifts rearward and the force on the rear tires increases the vehicle will then ride lower the amount the vehicle sinks will depend on counter acting forces like the size of the tires tire pressure and the spring rate of the suspension if the vehicle is accelerating or decelerating extra torque is placed on the rear or front tire respectively the equation relating the wheelbase height above the ground of the cm and the force on each pair of tires becomes f f d r l m g h c m l m a displaystyle f_ f d_ r over l mg h_ cm over l ma f r d f l m g h c m l m a displaystyle f_ r d_ f over l mg h_ cm over l ma where f f displaystyle f_ f is the force on the front tires f r displaystyle f_ r is the force on the rear tires d r displaystyle d_ r is the distance from the cm to the rear wheels d f displaystyle d_ f is the distance from the cm to the front wheels l displaystyle l is the wheelbase m displaystyle m is the mass of the vehicle g displaystyle g is the acceleration of gravity approx 9 8 m s 2 h c m displaystyle h_ cm is the height of the cm above the ground a displaystyle a is the acceleration or deceleration if the value is negative so as is common experience when the vehicle accelerates the rear usually sinks and the front rises depending on the suspension likewise when braking the front noses down and the rear rises 2 because of the effect the wheelbase has on the weight distribution of the vehicle wheelbase dimensions are crucial to the balance and steering for example a car with a much greater weight load on the rear tends to understeer due to the lack of the load force on the front tires and therefore the grip friction from them this is why it is crucial when towing a single axle caravan to distribute the caravan s weight so that down thrust on the tow hook is about 100 pounds force 400 n likewise a car may oversteer or even spin out if there is too much force on the front tires and not enough on the rear tires also when turning there is lateral torque placed upon the tires which imparts a turning force that depends upon the length of the tire distances from the cm thus in a car with a short wheelbase swb the short lever arm from the cm to the rear wheel will result in a greater lateral force on the rear tire which means greater acceleration and less time for the driver to adjust and prevent a spin out or worse wheelbases provide the basis for one of the most common vehicle size class systems varying wheelbases within nameplate edit some vehicles are offered with long wheelbase variants to increase the spaciousness and therefore the luxury of the vehicle this practice can often be found on full size cars like the mercedes benz s class but ultra luxury vehicles such as the rolls royce phantom and even large family cars like the rover 75 came with limousine versions prime minister of the united kingdom tony blair was given a long wheelbase version of the rover 75 for official use 3 and even some suvs like the vw tiguan and jeep wrangler are available with long wheelbases in contrast coupé varieties of some vehicles such as the honda accord are usually built on shorter wheelbases than the sedans they are derived from bikes edit main article bicycle and motorcycle geometry the wheelbase on many commercially available bicycles and motorcycles is so short relative to the height of their centers of mass that they are able to perform stoppies and wheelies skateboards edit in skateboarding the word wheelbase is used for the distance between the two inner pairs of mounting holes on the deck this is different from the distance between the rotational centers of the two wheel pairs a reason for this alternative use is that decks are sold with prefabricated holes but usually without trucks and wheels it is therefore easier to use the prefabricated holes for measuring and describing this characteristic of the deck a common misconception is that the choice of wheelbase is influenced by the height of the skateboarder however the length of the deck would then be a better candidate because the wheelbase affects characteristics useful in different speeds or terrains regardless of the height of the skateboarder for example a deck with a long wheelbase say 22 inches 55 9 cm will respond slowly to turns which is often desirable in high speeds a deck with a short wheelbase say 14 inches 35 6 cm will respond quickly to turns which is often desirable when skating backyard pools or other terrains requiring quick or intense turns rail edit in railway vehicles the wheelbase follows a similar concept however because the wheels may be of different sizes for example on a steam locomotive the measurement is taken between the points where the wheels touch the top of the rail rather than between the center hubs of the wheels on vehicles where the wheelsets axles are mounted inside the vehicle frame mostly in steam locomotives the wheelbase is the distance between the front most and rear most wheelsets on vehicles where the wheelsets are mounted on bogies american trucks three wheelbase measurements can be distinguished the distance between the pivot points of the front most and rear most bogie the distance between the front most and rear most wheelsets of the vehicle the distance between the front most and rear most wheelsets of each bogie the wheelbase affects the rail vehicle s capability to negotiate curves short wheelbased vehicles can negotiate sharper curves on some larger wheelbase locomotives inner wheels may lack flanges in order to pass curves the wheelbase also affects the load the vehicle poses to the track track infrastructure and bridges all other conditions being equal a shorter wheelbase vehicle represents a more concentrated load to the track than a longer wheelbase vehicle as railway lines are designed to take a predetermined maximum load per unit of length tonnes per meter or pounds per foot the rail vehicles wheelbase is designed according to their intended gross weight the higher the gross weight the longer the wheelbase must be see also edit axle track bicycle and motorcycle geometry force overhang vehicles static equilibrium weight wheel gauge wheelset references edit iso 8855 2011 4 2 ruina andy rudra pratap 2002 introduction to statics and dynamics pdf oxford university press p 350 retrieved 2007 03 23 biggs henry october 27 2004 rover 75 autoexpress co uk auto express retrieved may 8 2017 wikidata has the property wheelbase p3039 see uses v t e powertrain part of the automobile series automotive engine diesel engine electric fuel cell hybrid plug in hybrid internal combustion engine petrol engine steam engine transmission automatic transmission chain drive direct drive clutch constant velocity joint continuously variable transmission coupling differential direct shift gearbox drive shaft dual clutch transmission drive wheel automated manual transmission electrorheological clutch epicyclic gearing fluid coupling friction drive gearshift giubo hotchkiss drive limited slip differential locking differential manual transmission manumatic parking pawl park by wire preselector gearbox semi automatic transmission shift by wire torque converter transaxle transfer box transmission control unit universal joint wheels and tires wheel hub assembly wheel rim alloy wheel hubcap tire off road racing slick radial rain run flat snow spare tubeless hybrid electric motor hybrid vehicle drivetrain electric generator alternator portal category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title wheelbase oldid 1342582037 categories vehicle technology automotive engineering physical quantities vehicle dynamics hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from december 2011 all articles needing additional references this page was last edited on 9 march 2026 at 19 03 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents wheelbase 32 languages add topic