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create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 white papers in business to business marketing 2 white papers in government 3 white papers in academia 4 variants 5 see also 6 references 7 further reading 8 external links toggle the table of contents white paper 52 languages العربية অসমীয়া বাংলা bosanski català čeština dansk deutsch zazaki ελληνικά español euskara فارسی suomi français galego עברית हिन्दी hrvatski magyar bahasa indonesia ido íslenska italiano 日本語 ಕನ್ನಡ 한국어 latina latviešu മലയാളം नेपाली nederlands polski português русский संस्कृतम् srpskohrvatski српскохрватски සිංහල slovenščina српски srpski svenska தமிழ் తెలుగు ไทย tagalog türkçe українська tiếng việt ייִדיש 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia preliminary document for evaluation of approach for other uses see copy paper and white paper disambiguation a white paper is an informative report that explains a complex issue and presents the sponsor s philosophy on the matter these documents are meant to help readers understand an issue solve a problem or make a decision the term originated in the early 20th century to mean a type of position paper or industry report published by a department of the uk government earlier forms of these reports were called command papers white papers are used often in business and sometimes in politics and academia since the 1990s these documents have proliferated as sales or marketing documents in business for more than 10 years a majority of business to business b2b marketers report that they created a white paper within the past year 1 a commercial white paper is akin to a marketing presentation designed to promote a certain product to customers 2 3 as such it can be considered content marketing or grey literature white papers in business to business marketing edit the most prolific publishers of white papers today are business to business companies these white papers are long form content that use selected facts and logical arguments to promote the offering s from the company sponsoring the report the main goal is to persuade target readers in a certain vertical market or role to agree with the sponsor s conclusions and select their offering in most companies white papers are created by content marketing teams or the contractors they hire based on online research and interviews with company executives corporate white papers are often used to generate sales leads establish thought leadership make a business case grow email lists grow audiences and build the sponsor s credibility the audiences for a b2b white paper can include prospective customers channel partners journalists analysts bloggers investors or any other stakeholders white papers are considered a form of content marketing or inbound marketing in other words sponsored content available on the web with or without registration intended to raise the visibility of the sponsor to search engines and build web traffic a b2b white paper generally argues that one particular technology product ideology 4 or methodology is superior to all others for solving a specific business problem there are essentially three main types of commercial white papers 5 backgrounder describes the features and benefits of a certain vendor s offering either a product service or methodology this type of white paper is best used to accompany a product launch or support a technical evaluation towards the bottom of the sales funnel or the end of the customer journey this is the least challenging type to produce since much of the content is readily available from the sponsor numbered list presents a set of tips questions or points about a certain business issue this type is best used to get attention with new or provocative views or cast aspersions on competitors also called a listicle this is the fastest type to create a numbered list can often be devised from a single brainstorming session and each item can be presented as a separate point not part of a step by step logical argument problem solution recommends a new improved solution to a nagging business problem this type is best used to generate leads at the top of the sales funnel or the start of the customer journey to build mind share or to inform and persuade stakeholders this type is the most challenging to produce since they require extensive research and persuasive writing often these must create a compelling mental map of a market space and position several competing companies within that space a properly done problem solution white paper can build trust and credibility for the sponsor while a numbered list may be combined with either other type it is difficult to combine a backgrounder with a problem solution white paper while a backgrounder looks inward at the details of one particular product or service a problem solution looks outward at an industry wide problem this is rather like the difference between looking through a microscope and looking through a telescope 6 white papers in government edit the term white paper originated with the british government with the churchill white paper of 1922 being an early example 7 in the british government a white paper is usually the less extensive version of the so called blue book both terms being derived from the colour of the document s cover 2 white papers are a tool of participatory democracy not an unalterable policy commitment 8 white papers have tried to perform the dual role of presenting firm government policies while at the same time inviting opinions upon them 9 in canada a white paper is a policy document approved by cabinet tabled in the house of commons and made available to the general public 10 the provision of policy information through the use of white and green papers can help to create an awareness of policy issues among parliamentarians and the public and to encourage an exchange of information and analysis they can also serve as educational techniques 11 white papers are a way the government can present policy preferences before it introduces legislation publishing a white paper tests public opinion on controversial policy issues and helps the government gauge its probable impact 12 by contrast green papers which are issued much more frequently are more open ended also known as consultation documents green papers may merely propose a strategy to implement the details of other legislation or they may set out proposals on which the government wishes to obtain public views and opinions examples of governmental white papers include in australia full employment in australia and in the united kingdom the white paper of 1939 and the 1966 defence white paper in israeli history the british white paper of 1939 marking a sharp turn against zionism in british policy and at the time greeted with great anger by the jewish yishuv community in mandatory palestine is remembered as the white paper in hebrew ha sefer ha lavan הספר הלבן literally the white book similarly in canada the term white paper often refers specifically to the 1969 white paper which proposed abolishing all legal distinctions between indigenous and non indigenous peoples in the country in response indigenous activists laid out a counter proposal in what they called the red paper white papers in academia edit white papers are also used in academic settings to present research findings to peers academic white papers often follow strict styles and formats such as the common technical document ctd standards some key areas where academic white papers are published include computer science cryptography mathematics medicine physics and it security instead of relying on the self governance used in journalism academic white papers rely on the feedback provided by industry leaders or experts in a field the overall findings they provide in the form of public peer reviews creates the necessary checks and balances that academics rely on to evaluate a conclusion top industry journals set high publishing standards for a white paper s submission these standards help protect a publication s credibility and the readers from inaccuracies and false information recognised peer reviewed publications must then freely publish negative and positive feedback to complete the check and balance published white paper submissions found to be inaccurate or false can harm a publication s credibility and profitability the result motivates publishers to be very selective however the same high standard is also known to censor qualified white papers especially when a white paper supports a new perspective or revolutionary conclusion that may be initially challenged variants edit several variations on the colour theme exist the green paper is a proposal or consultative document rather than being authoritative or final the red book the uk chancellors budget will set out the highlights and reasoning behind the governments proposed taxation and spending policies in a white paper called the financial statement and budget report fsbr while an accompanying document called the red book will contain the detailed financial costings of the policies estimates of revenue and forecasts for public sector borrowing 13 two others are much less well established a blue paper sets out technical specifications of a technology or item of equipment 14 better source needed a yellow paper is a document containing research that has not yet been formally accepted or published in an academic journal it is synonymous with the more widely used term preprint citation needed see also edit case study e publishing persuasive writing research paper references edit b2b content marketing 2025 benchmarks trends content marketing institute retrieved 4 april 2026 1 2 rouse margaret white paper definition techtarget archived from the original on 13 march 2015 retrieved 16 march 2015 stelzner michael a 2008 learn all about white papers whitepaper source publishing archived from the original on 2 july 2017 retrieved 18 september 2013 inwood olivia zappavigna michele 1 february 2021 ideology attitudinal positioning and the blockchain a social semiotic approach to understanding the values construed in the whitepapers of blockchain start ups social semiotics 33 3 451 469 doi 10 1080 10350330 2021 1877995 issn 1035 0330 s2cid 234051310 graham gordon 2013 white papers for dummies hoboken new jersey john wiley sons inc pp 103 170 isbn 9781118496923 graham gordon 1 march 2025 white paper faq frequently asked questions that white paper guy retrieved 4 april 2026 james anthony 17 june 2017 origin of white papers klariti com retrieved 27 june 2017 doerr audrey d the role of white papers in doern g b and peter aucoin the structures of policy making in canada toronto macmillan 1971 pp 179 203 pemberton john e government green papers library world 71 49 aug 1969 doerr audrey d the role of white papers in the policy making process the experience of the government of canada 1973 thesis ph d carleton university 1 56 doerr audrey d the machinery of government toronto methuen 1981 p 153 chapin henry and denis deneau citizen involvement in public policy making access and the policy making process ottawa canadian council on social development 1978 p 33 budgets and financial documents pdf uk parliament august 2010 issn 0144 4689 blue paper genuine writing archived from the original on 12 december 2017 retrieved 13 december 2017 further reading edit stelzner michael 2006 writing white papers how to capture readers and keep them engaged poway california whitepapersource publishing p 214 isbn 978 0 9777169 3 7 bly robert w 2006 the white paper marketing handbook florence kentucky south western educational publishing p 256 isbn 978 0 324 30082 6 external links edit white paper eu glossary archived 22 october 2012 at the wayback machine v t e academic publishing journals academic journal public health papers paper abstract review article position paper literature review grey literature working paper white paper technical report annual report pamphlet essay lab notes other publication types thesis collection of articles patent biological chemical book monograph edited volume festschrift chapter treatise poster session proceedings impact and ranking acknowledgment index altmetrics article level metrics author level metrics bibliometrics c score journal ranking eigenfactor g index h index impact factor rankings of academic publishers science wide author databases of standardized citation indicators scientometrics scimago journal rank citation cartel reform and access academic journal publishing reform open access citation advantage serials crisis sci hub icanhazpdf versioning preprint postprint version of record erratum retraction indexes and search engines google scholar aminer base core semantic scholar scopus web of science paperity openalex index copernicus erih plus sherpa romeo openaire related topics imprint scientific writing peer review scholarly scholarly communication scientific literature learned society open research open scientific data orcid electronic publishing documentary editing text publication society ingelfinger rule least publishable unit publish or perish lists academic databases and search engines academic journals copyright policies highly cited researchers open access journals preprint policies scientific journals style formatting guides university presses category commons retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title white_paper oldid 1376742067 categories promotion and marketing communications technical communication white papers grey literature metaphors referring to books and paper hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from september 2026 articles containing hebrew language text all articles lacking reliable references articles lacking reliable references from october 2024 all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from october 2024 webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 26 september 2026 at 00 17 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search 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