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billion wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 see also 3 references toggle the table of contents billion 51 languages afrikaans العربية مصرى asturianu català čeština dansk deutsch esperanto español euskara فارسی suomi français galego hrvatski magyar interlingua bahasa indonesia ido íslenska italiano 日本語 қазақша кыргызча latina олык марий македонски nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål oromoo ਪੰਜਾਬੀ polski پنجابی português română русский sicilianu سنڌي slovenčina slovenščina soomaaliga shqip српски srpski svenska türkçe українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia large number thousand million or million million for other uses see billion disambiguation billion is a word for a large number and it has two distinct definitions 1 000 000 000 i e one thousand million or 10 9 ten to the ninth power as defined on the short scale also known as a milliard on the long scale this is now the most common sense of the word in all varieties of english it has long been established in american english and has since become common in britain and other english speaking countries as well 1 2 3 1 000 000 000 000 i e one million million or 10 12 ten to the twelfth power as defined on the long scale that is a trillion in the short scale this number is the historical sense of the word and remains the established sense of the word in other european languages though displaced by the short scale definition relatively early in us english it remained the most common sense of the word in britain until the 1950s and still remains in occasional use there 3 american english adopted the short scale definition from the french it enjoyed usage in france at the time alongside the long scale definition 4 the united kingdom used the long scale until 1974 when the government officially switched to the short scale but since the 1950s the short scale had already been increasingly used in technical writing and journalism 5 moreover in 1941 winston churchill remarked for all practical financial purposes a billion represents one thousand millions 6 other countries use the word billion or words cognate to it to denote either the long scale or short scale billion milliard another term for one thousand million is extremely rare in english but it is an established term to refer to the short scale billion in many of these countries 7 8 for details see long and short scales current usage history edit 1000 million mark notgeld banknote 1923 of frankfurt am main according to the oxford english dictionary the word billion was formed in the 16th century from million and the prefix bi two meaning the second power of a million 1 000 000 2 10 12 this long scale definition was similarly applied to trillion quadrillion and so on the words were originally latin and entered english around the end of the 17th century later french arithmeticians changed the words meanings adopting the short scale definition whereby three zeros rather than six were added at each step so a billion came to denote a thousand million 10 9 a trillion became a million million 10 12 and so on this new convention was adopted in the united states in the 19th century but britain retained the original long scale use france in turn reverted to the long scale in 1948 4 in britain however under the influence of american usage the short scale came to be increasingly used in 1974 prime minister harold wilson confirmed that the government would use the word billion only in its short scale meaning one thousand million in a written answer to robin maxwell hyslop mp who asked whether official usage would conform to the traditional british meaning of a million million wilson stated no the word billion is now used internationally to mean 1 000 million and it would be confusing if british ministers were to use it in any other sense i accept that it could still be interpreted in this country as 1 million million and i shall ask my colleagues to ensure that if they do use it there should be no ambiguity as to its meaning 5 see also edit look up billion in wiktionary the free dictionary names of large numbers references edit how many is a billion oxford dictionaries oxford university press archived from the original on december 17 2012 retrieved november 11 2023 geoghegan tom october 28 2011 is trillion the new billion bbc news magazine retrieved november 11 2023 a b billion merriam webster com dictionary merriam webster oclc 1032680871 a b billion oxford english dictionary online ed oxford university press doi 10 1093 oed 2412059837 retrieved november 11 2023 subscription or participating institution membership required a b cracknell richard bolton paul january 2009 statistical literacy guide what is a billion and other units pdf house of commons library retrieved november 11 2023 word billion meaning hansard 22 april 1941 api parliament uk com s escriuen els nombres how to write the numbers universitat politècnica de catalunya in catalan el miliard el bilió el billion retrieved november 11 2023 confusions amb el billion i el trillion anglesos ésadir in catalan corporació catalana de mitjans audiovisuals retrieved november 11 2023 v t e large numbers examples in numerical order hundred thousand ten thousand hundred thousand million billion trillion quadrillion quintillion sextillion septillion octillion nonillion decillion eddington number googol shannon number googolplex skewes s number moser s number graham s number tree 3 sscg 3 bh 3 rayo s number expression methods notations scientific notation knuth s up arrow notation conway chained arrow notation steinhaus moser notation operators hyperoperation tetration ackermann function grzegorczyk hierarchy fast growing hierarchy slow growing hierarchy hardy hierarchy veblen function related articles alphabetical order busy beaver extended real number line indefinite and fictitious numbers infinitesimal largest known prime number list of numbers long and short scales number systems number names orders of magnitude power of two power of three power of 10 sagan unit names history authority control databases national united states israel retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title billion oldid 1348848711 category large numbers hidden categories cs1 catalan language sources ca use mdy dates from november 2023 articles with short description short description is different from wikidata this page was last edited on 14 april 2026 at 15 48 utc text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents billion 51 languages add topic