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Text of the page (random words):
wikipedia manual of style superscripts and subscripts wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 general guidelines 2 exceptions toggle exceptions subsection 2 1 phonetic transcriptions 2 2 orthographies 2 3 titles 2 4 short descriptions 3 dates and numbers 4 music 5 unit symbols and abbreviations 6 science toggle science subsection 6 1 chemistry 6 2 mathematics 7 notes 8 see also toggle the table of contents wikipedia manual of style superscripts and subscripts add languages add links project page talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia wikipedia manual of style not to be confused with mos ordinal this guideline is a part of the english wikipedia s manual of style editors should generally follow it though it is best treated with common sense and exceptions may apply substantive edits to this page should reflect consensus shortcuts mos sup mos sup mos sub mos sub manual of style content accessibility biography disambiguation pages organizing by subject hidden text infoboxes linking self references words to watch formatting abbreviations capitalization dates and numbers pronunciation spelling superscripts and subscripts text formatting titles of works images captions image placement icons images layout layout lead section tables trivia sections lists lists lists of works road junctions stand alone lists by topic area arts anime and manga comics film music music samples record charts stringed instruments novels television video games visual arts writing about fiction see also wikiproject style advice regional canada china and chinese france and french hawaii india indonesia ireland japan korea kurdistan pakistan philippines poland singapore see also naming conventions geographic names wikiproject style advice science and technology chemistry computer science mathematics medicine taxonomy see also wikiproject style advice other blazons cue sports snooker islam latter day saints legal military history trademarks see also wikiproject style advice history legal and cultural religion and education sports and games related guidelines article size article titles categories lists and navigation templates categorization hatnotes subpages understandability simplified contents tips v t e a superscript or subscript is text that is positioned slightly above or below the normal line of type superscripts and subscripts are often rendered in a smaller font size than the adjacent normal text this part of the manual of style aims to achieve consistency in the use and formatting of superscripts and subscripts in wikipedia articles general guidelines edit subscripts and superscripts should be wrapped in sub and sup html tags respectively with no other formatting info with some exceptions see below the sup and sub templates are useful shortcuts to the html markup do not use the unicode subscripts and superscripts ² and ³ or xml html character entity references sup2 etc rather write sup 2 sup and sup 3 sup to produce the superscripts 2 and 3 the superscripted 2 and 3 are easier to read especially on small displays and ensure that exponents are properly aligned compare wⁱx²z ⁿ unicode superscripts to w i x 2 z n 6 w sup i sup x sup 2 sup z sup n 6 sup or w i x 2 z n 6 w sup i x sup 2 z sup n 6 1 x ² y ³ sup2 to 1 x 2 y 3 sup 2 sup or 1 x 2 y 3 sup 2 these guidelines also apply in citations and template parameters templates are responsible for cleaning up markup if needed for external consumption e g for coins exceptions edit phonetic transcriptions edit phonetic transcriptions in the international phonetic alphabet and uralic phonetic alphabet which are most often inside ipa ipa link upa and related templates should use unicode subscripts and superscripts this follows the recommendation of the international phonetic association 1 and is done by the tools help pages and articles referenced in wikipedia manual of style pronunciation tone should usually be marked with diacritics or ipa tone symbols according to wikipedia manual of style pronunciation tone use needs ipa for any non compliant articles orthographies edit superscript and subscript symbols in orthographies of languages such as in the proto indo european language some salishan languages and the wade giles romanization of mandarin should use unicode subscripts and superscripts titles edit another exception is where unicode superscripts and subscripts are used is in the title of articles though this is only rarely necessary see wikipedia manual of style titles typographic effects short descriptions edit per wp sdformat short description cannot use html or wikitext formatting leaving unicode characters as the only option for superscripts and subscripts dates and numbers edit main page wikipedia manual of style dates and numbers the ordinal suffix e g th is not superscripted 23rd and 496th not 23 rd and 496 th exception non english languages see mos ordinal centuries and millennia are written using ordinal numbers without superscripts and without roman numerals the second millennium the 19th century a 19th century book per mos century non base 10 notations in non computer related articles use subscript notation for example 137 9 241 6 2a9 12 a87d 16 use sub radix or sub radix sub music edit main page wikipedia manual of style music in figured bass superscript and subscript may be combined by using math markup or by using the su template math c_6 4 math c 6 4 displaystyle c_ 6 4 c su b 6 p 4 c 4 6 see also wikipedia tex markup or m help formula for diminished chords and half diminished chords music dim and music halfdim for chord qualities and inversions vii music dim i sub 6 this looks like vii o i 6 unit symbols and abbreviations edit main page wikipedia manual of style dates and numbers unit names and symbols powers of unit symbols such as squares and cubes are expressed with a superscript exponent 5 km 2 2 cm 3 use the sup tag or sup template rather than the unicode superscript characters such as ² squared imperial and us unit abbreviations may be rendered with sq and cubic with cu 15 sq mi 3 cu ft science edit chemistry edit main page wikipedia manual of style chemistry descriptions of chemical compounds c 2 h 5 o using chem2 c2h5o isotopes 3 2 he using nuclide he 3 or 3 he using simplenuclide he 3 mathematics edit main page wikipedia manual of style mathematics superscripts and subscripts further information help displaying a formula subscripts superscripts integrals exponentiation is indicated using a superscript 2 2 4 using 2 sup 2 4 special care is needed with subscripted labels to distinguish the purpose of the subscript as this is a common error variables and constants in subscripts should be italic while textual labels should be in normal text font roman upright for example x this one y that one displaystyle x_ text this one y_ text that one correct typeset from math x _ text this one y _ text that one math and i 1 n y i 2 displaystyle sum _ i 1 n y_ i 2 correct typeset from math sum_ i 1 n y _ i 2 math but not r x p r e d i c t e d x o b s e r v e d displaystyle r x_ predicted x_ observed incorrect typeset from r x_ predicted x_ observed moreover the tex engine used on wikipedia may format simple superscripts using sup sup depending on user preferences thus instead of the image x 2 displaystyle x 2 many users see x 2 formulae formatted without using tex should use the same syntax to maintain the same appearance notes edit esling john 1999 appendix 2 computer coding of ipa symbols in international phonetic association ed handbook of the international phonetic association a guide to the use of the international phonetic alphabet cambridge university press pp 161 185 isbn 0 521 63751 1 see also edit this guideline was implemented per an rfc discussion at wikipedia village pump proposals retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title wikipedia manual_of_style superscripts_and_subscripts oldid 1364902980 category wikipedia manual of style formatting hidden category pages using sidebar with the child parameter this page was last edited on 19 july 2026 at 04 49 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents wikipedia manual of style superscripts and subscripts add languages add topic