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wikipedia, of, and, for, links, research, help, notable, article, use, talk, researching, with, contents, background, knowledge, researchers, about, special, considerations, concerning, citing, further, see, also, references, external, slightly, longer, nutshell, summary, overview, strengths, weaknesses, quality, in, featured, good, articles, editorial, administration, oversight, management, multiple, independent, sources, pages, watchlists, using, page, query, examine, an, history, internal, categories, take, advantage, what, here, understand, biases, social, process, look, comprehensive, review, frequently, asked, questions, faq, other, feedback,

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Text of the page (random words):
similar roles editors who find that editorial administrator responsibility would benefit their ability to help the wikipedia community may ask their peers in the community for agreement to undertake such roles this approval process helps to create and maintain a structure that enforces meritocracy and communal standards of editorship and conduct administrative and other similar roles are achieved only after a nomination process and a poll that shows at least 75 80 approval a standard that tends to ensure a high level of experience trust and familiarity across a broad front of projects within wikipedia a variety of software assisted systems and automated programs help several hundred editors to watch for problematic edits and editors an arbitration committee sits at the top of all editor conduct disputes 1 and its members are elected by an established enquiry and decision making process in which all regular editors can equally participate special research considerations concerning wikipedia use multiple independent sources because wikipedia is free licensed originally under the gfdl now under cc by sa 4 0 its content is often reproduced especially online researchers should be especially careful of the futon bias full text on the net bias and ensure that a second article appearing to confirm a wikipedia article is not for example simply a copy of an earlier version one place to look for additional sources to use in assessing the quality of a wikipedia article is to look at the sources it cites an article that faithfully reflects the information and intent of a large number of high quality sources is likely to be a very reliable indicator of the current state of knowledge on a subject an article with fewer or no sources listed or sources of lower quality may not reflect a researcher s desired high quality the only way to ensure the article faithfully reflects the information in high quality sources is to read and understand the cited sources and perhaps others often at least a wikipedia article will be an excellent overview of a given subject making it easier to understand the cited sources and know what type of information to look for talk pages as with consulting the article history looking at the talk page gives you a behind the scenes look at the formation of the article if aspects of it are controversial or disputed if there has been a question over its appropriate scope if there has been a serious disagreement over sources balance or point of view issues you will probably find it there you are also likely to find someone s suggestions of subject matter that the article should cover but does not or whether questions have been raised and not answered you also may be able to evaluate the cluefulness or otherwise of certain contributors to the article by their contributions on the talk page similarly looking at the contributors user pages and user talk pages similarly their user contributions page lets you get a look at their other work on wikipedia in contrast to the article itself which is continually being honed remarks on talk pages usually remain in place once they are made except for fixing blatant vandalism it is usually frowned upon to edit anyone else s talk page comments and very few contributors consider it appropriate to edit their own except to make grammar and spelling corrections or to strike through but not remove anything they wish to retract when you combine that with the convention of signing and dating talk page comments there is rarely a need to look at the history of a talk page because its history is essentially on display watchlists and using a talk page for a research query usually most active contributors to an article have it watchlisted which implicitly also places the talk page on their watchlist different people check their watchlists with different frequencies but on any article with a reasonable number of participants it is a pretty safe bet that a detectable number of people are keeping an eye on the article and its talk page not exactly in real time but any edit will usually be noticed within a day because people are watching the page it can be a great place to ask questions however keep in mind that talk pages are not for general conversation about the article s subject discussions should be focused on how to improve the article please read the article before you ask your question then if you doubt the accuracy of something in the article or if you think that the article currently omits an aspect of the topic the talk page is a great place to ask if you create an account for yourself you can add the page to your watchlist making it easy to keep track of when it s been edited if you follow convention and sign your comment with when you save it your account name and a utc date time stamp will be added this tends to get more attention than an anonymous remark and also gives people a chance to get hold of you on your user talk page or if you provide an email address with your account to email you without you revealing your email address all of this greatly increases the chance of your question getting an answer examine an article s history main page help how to read an article history the process of creating wikipedia is radically open as a result unlike most reference works it is possible that even for a generally excellent and stable article the latest version at any given moment may have been subject to recent edits that are not of the same quality as the rest of the article however unlike most reference works you can access the history of the article previous versions and change comments and the discussion between the editors who created it individual discussions are often archived after a period of inactivity those archives are usually linked at or near the top of the relevant discussion talk page often if you have questions about an article or are looking to do in depth research on a subject reading the history and talk pages gives you further insight into why the article says what it says and which points of the article if any are in dispute and may particularly merit further research internal links wikipedia breathes new life into one of the initial dreams of the world wide web hyperlinks hyperlinks allow wikipedia authors to link any word or phrase to another wikipedia article often providing annotations of great value background information to an article no longer needs to be limited or even produced by the author of the article this method has proved to have major limitations on the internet as a whole because for a variety of reasons links are prone to quickly becoming obsolete however internal links within wikipedia can be made with confidence and so wikipedia serves a web of mutually supporting information some articles are probably over linked with important links liable to be lost like needles in a haystack also someone may have linked a word without looking to see whether it leads to anything useful you may follow up a link and find nothing more than what you just read or even find an article on an unrelated meaning of the same word in general this problem is less common in the english language wikipedia than in wikipedias in some other languages categories wikipedia has had its own user defined category system folksonomy since the beginning of 2004 the category system is a collaborative categorization system using freely chosen keywords by all contributors to wikipedia this feature allows researchers to navigate wikipedia via categories which can be very useful virtually all articles now have some form of categorization however the quality of this can be highly variable in many topic areas contributors have created detailed and well organized categorization in other topic areas categorization has occurred in a more ad hoc fashion and is sometimes poorly done in all categorized articles you should be able to find a list of categories at the very bottom of that article take advantage of what links here one of the lesser known but extremely useful techniques for researching with wikipedia is the effective use of the what links here link which for most current skins appears on the right side of the screen as the first item in the box marked general this will give you a complete list of other wikipedia articles that link to the current article even if the article you are looking at is a stub or more remarkably if it is a blank article that has not yet been started numerous related articles may be easily accessible through this feature sometimes these backward links will show you ways in which the article you started from is incomplete in one area or another understand wikipedia s biases no good scholar expects any given reference work to be truly unbiased instead one comes to understand the expected bias of a particular work for example in looking at the 1911 encyclopædia britannica one expects to find some anglocentric perspectives and attitudes about race ethnicity sex and sexuality that by today s standards seem prudish and perhaps bigoted in using collier s encyclopedia one should expect a rather americentric perspective and probably a lesser degree of scholarship than in britannica but a more easily readable style unlike some reference works wikipedia s biases are inconsistent wikipedians come from all over the world and all walks of life while we strive to have articles fit a neutral point of view many articles are not yet there in fact two articles on related subjects may have been written by different people and reflect different biases even within a single article radically different or conflicting biases may be found it is also a matter of contention whether certain views are described neutrally in this respect wikipedia is more like a library or like the world wide web itself than like a typical reference work the mere fact that a book is in the library is no guarantee against bias or misinformation the same can be said of wikipedia articles this does not make them useless it just means that they should be approached differently than one approaches a typical reference work use wikipedia s social process main pages wikipedia wikipedians and wikipedia a researcher s guide to discussion pages wikipedia is not just an encyclopedia it is also an immense community of active contributors or wikipedians in the history section of each article you can find out which users contributed what material to an article in addition each article has a talk page if you have questions about the article asking on its talk page or the talk page of the users who contributed the text will often get your question answered then you and the contributor may update the article to make it clearer for the next researcher probably the most general approach to this is to first put your question on the talk page of the appropriate article and either a put a note on the user talk page of the relevant contributor or contributors calling their attention to your question or b notify them by including for example ping username1 username2 etc in your new signed post on the talk page questions like this are often very useful to the refinement of articles if you have a relevant question that was not answered by the article there is a fair chance that others will also need this information and it should be added to the article in general you should not expect wikipedians to contact you by email instead check back to the talk page periodically to see if your question has been answered we strongly recommend that if you want to participate in the wikipedia community you create a wikipedia account it s free you don t need to provide any personal or contact information and there won t be any spam if you log in and sign your posts on talk pages with that will be saved on the talk page as an account signature and a timestamp posting to talk pages with an account is not only a local social norm but it also makes it possible for you to retain your identity across multiple editing sessions and avoid being confused with others look for comprehensive review a small number of english language wikipedia articles most notably featured articles have had broad systematic review these articles usually remain at a high level of quality but it is possible although unlikely that a previously reviewed article may have deteriorated since the time it received that level of attention of the several projects that have attempted to address this issue wikipedia wikiproject reliability is by far the most successful and longest lasting beginning in september 2004 as wikipedia wikiproject fact and reference check and taking its current form in september 2011 despite a lack of truly systematic formal review many articles have undergone enormous scrutiny again this can often be identified informally by browsing the history and discussion associated with the article citing wikipedia main page wikipedia citing wikipedia first you should question the appropriateness of citing any encyclopedia as a source or reference this is not simply a wikipedia specific issue as most secondary schools and institutions of higher learning do not consider encyclopedias in general a proper citable source citation of wikipedia in research papers has been known to result in a failing grade 2 3 4 this does not mean wikipedia is not useful wikipedia articles contain many links to newspaper articles books often with isbn numbers radio programming television shows web based sources and the like it will usually be more acceptable to cite those original sources rather than wikipedia since it is by nature a secondary or tertiary source at the same time simple academic ethics require that you should actually read the work that you cite if you do not actually have your hands on a book you should not misleadingly cite it as your source there are cases where contributions to wikipedia are considered original and important enough on topics not covered in other works so as to be considered a citable secondary source for example according to the new york times website the supreme court of iowa cite d wikipedia to explain that jungle juice is the name given to a mix of liquor that is usually served for the sole purpose of becoming intoxicated 5 owing to the radical openness of wikipedia decisions about referencing articles must be made on an article by article basis if one does choose to cite a wikipedia article references should identify a specific version of an article by providing the date and time it was created this can be found in the edit history of the article similarly because wikipedia s content is only valuable in relation to its sources it helps to preserve on the internet archive all the sources of any article you choose to cite open access sources are usually easier to preserve in the long term including at internet archive scholar and similar services if an article predominantly relies on closed sources it might get harder in the future to understand its r...