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the beginning of titles unless they are part of a proper name e g the old man and the sea or otherwise change the meaning e g the crown they needlessly lengthen article titles and interfere with sorting and searching for more guidance see wp naming conventions definite or indefinite article at beginning of name use nouns shortcuts wp noun wp noun wp gerund wp gerund wp adjective wp adjective nouns and noun phrases are normally preferred over titles using other parts of speech such a title can be the subject of the first sentence one major exception is for titles that are quotations or titles of works a rolling stone gathers no moss or try to remember adjective and verb forms e g elegant should redirect to articles titled with the corresponding noun elegance or disambiguation pages like organic and talk sometimes the noun corresponding to a verb is the gerund ing form as in swimming do not enclose titles in quotes article titles that are quotes or song titles etc are not enclosed in quotation marks e g to be or not to be is the article title whereas to be or not to be is a redirect to that article an exception is made when the quotation marks are part of a name or title as in the tv episode marge simpson in screaming yellow honkers or the album heroes david bowie album do not create subsidiary articles do not use titles suggesting that one article forms part of another even if an article is considered subsidiary to another as where summary style is used it should be named independently for example an article on transport in azerbaijan should not be given a name like azerbaijan transport or azerbaijan transport use transport in azerbaijan this does not always apply in non article namespaces see wp subpages follow reliable sources for names of persons when deciding whether to use middle names or initials follow the guidelines at wp middle names which means using the form most commonly used by reliable sources e g john f kennedy j p morgan f scott fitzgerald with few if any exceptions see also the concision section above special characters shortcuts wp tsc wp tsc wp titlespecialcharacters wp titlespecialcharacters see also wikipedia naming conventions technical restrictions there are technical restrictions on the use of certain characters in page titles due to how mediawiki stores and matches the titles the following characters cannot be used at all _ though an underscore can be made to display with displaytitle there are restrictions on titles containing colons periods and some other characters which may be addressed through template correct title technically all other unicode characters can be used in page titles however some characters should still be avoided or require special treatment characters not on a standard keyboard use redirects sometimes the most appropriate title contains diacritics accent marks dashes or other letters and characters not found on most english language keyboards this can make it difficult to navigate to the article directly in such cases provide redirects from versions of the title that use only standard keyboard characters similarly in cases where it is determined that the most appropriate title is one that omits diacritics dashes and other letters not found on most english language keyboards provide redirects from versions of the title that contain them however avoid combining diacritical marks which are difficult to type and interfere with adjacent characters quotation marks avoid them double and single quotation marks as well as variations such as typographic curly quotation marks low high quotation marks guillemets and angled quotation marks or backticks should be avoided in titles exceptions can be made when they are part of the proper title e g a is for alibi or required by orthography e g weird al yankovic fargesia rufa similarly various apostrophe like variants ʻ ʾ ʿ ᶜ should generally not be used in page titles a common exception is the simple apostrophe character same glyph as the single quotation mark itself e g anthony d offay which should however be used sparingly e g quran instead of qur an and bismarck apple instead of malus domestica bismarck if exceptionally other variants are used a redirect with the apostrophe variant should be created e g elisiva fusipala tauki onetuku redirects to ʻelisiva fusipala taukiʻonetuku see also wp manual of style punctuation and mos apostrophe symbols avoid them symbols such as as sometimes found in advertisements or logos should never be used in titles this includes non latin punctuation such as the characters in unicode s cjk symbols and punctuation block fractions see mos frac templates and latex style markup cannot be used in article titles italics and other formatting shortcut wp italictitle wp italictitle use italics when italics would be necessary in running text for example mentions of words as words taxonomic names the names of ships the titles of books films and other creative works and non english phrases are italicized both in ordinary text and in article titles i the titles of articles chapters songs episodes storylines research papers and other short works instead take double quotation marks italics are not used for major religious works the bible the quran the talmud many of these titles should also be in title case italic formatting cannot be part of the actual stored title of a page adding single quotes to a page title will cause those quotes to become part of the url rather than affecting its appearance a title or part of it is made to appear in italics using the displaytitle magic word applied using italic title and similar wrapper templates where possible in addition certain templates including infobox book infobox film and infobox album by default italicize the titles of the pages they appear on see those template pages for documentation see wp naming conventions technical restrictions italics and formatting on the technical restrictions page for further details other types of formatting such as bold type and superscript can technically be achieved in the same way but should generally not be used in wikipedia article titles except for articles on mathematics quotation marks such as around song titles would not require special techniques for display but are nevertheless avoided in titles see article title format above standard english and trademarks shortcut wp titletm wp titletm see also wikipedia manual of style trademarks article titles follow standard english text formatting in the case of trademarks unless the trademarked spelling is demonstrably the most common usage in sources independent of the owner of the trademark items in full or partial uppercase such as invader zim should have standard capitalization invader zim however if the name is ambiguous and one meaning is usually capitalized this is one possible method of disambiguation exceptions include article titles with the first letter lowercase and the second letter uppercase such as ipod and ebay for these see wp naming conventions technical restrictions lowercase first letter titles containing and shortcut wp and wp and wp and redirects here for the manual of style guidance on the use of the word and vs ampersands see wp sometimes two or more closely related or complementary concepts are most sensibly covered by a single article where possible use a title covering all cases for example endianness covers the concepts big endian and little endian where no reasonable overarching title is available it is permissible to construct an article title using and as in promotion and relegation hellmann s and best foods tropical storms amanda and cristobal and pioneer 6 7 8 and 9 the individual terms such as pioneer 6 should redirect to the combined page or be linked there via a disambiguation page or hatnote if they have other meanings it is generally best to list topics in alphabetical order especially those involving different countries or cultures as in canada united states border however when a conventional or more logical ordering exists it should be used instead such as at yin and yang if one concept is more commonly encountered than the other it may be listed first as in electrical resistance and conductance alternative titles using reverse ordering such as relegation and promotion should be redirects titles containing and are often red flags that the article has neutrality problems or is engaging in original research avoid the use of and in ways that appear biased for example use islamic terrorism not islam and terrorism however media coupling of islam and terrorism may be acceptable avoid the use of and to combine concepts that are not commonly combined in reliable sources considering changes shortcut wp titlechanges wp titlechanges changing one controversial title to another without a discussion that leads to consensus is strongly discouraged if an article title has been stable for a long time j and there is no good reason to change it it should not be changed consensus among editors determines if there is a good reason to change the title if it has never been stable or it has been unstable for a long time and no consensus can be reached on what the title should be default to the title the article had when the first major contribution after the article ceased to be a stub was made k any potentially controversial proposal to change a title should be advertised at wikipedia requested moves and consensus reached before any change is made debating controversial titles is often unproductive and there are many other ways to help improve wikipedia in discussing the appropriate title of an article remember that the choice of title is not dependent on whether a name is right in a moral or political sense nor does the use of a name in the title of one article require that all related articles use the same name in their titles there is often some reason for inconsistencies in common usage for example wikipedia has articles on both the battle of stalingrad and on volgograd which is the current name of stalingrad although titles for articles are subject to consensus do not invent names or use extremely uncommon names as a means of compromising between opposing points of view wikipedia describes current usage but cannot prescribe a particular usage or invent new names proposed naming conventions and guidelines main pages category wikipedia naming conventions proposals and wikipedia policies and guidelines proposals for new naming conventions and guidelines should be advertised on this page s talk page at requests for comment the village pump and any related pages if a strong consensus has formed the proposal is adopted and is added to the naming conventions category new naming conventions for specific categories of articles often arise from wikiprojects for a manually updated list of current and former proposals see proposed naming conventions and guidelines see also wikipedia manual of style article titles wikipedia manual of style lead section format of the first sentence wikipedia category names a list of guidelines concerning naming conventions for categories linguistic description and linguistic prescription wikipedia naming conventions technical restrictions software limitations on the names of wikipedia pages articles categories templates etc wikipedia in versus of proper use of in and of or some alternatives as from and on wikipedia ambiguous subjects wikipedia reliable sources headlines on the unreliability of news headlines for sourcing notes specifically it is the h1 id firstheading html element that appears at the top of the article s page it should be the only h1 element on the page but because editors can add any level of heading to a page s text that cannot be guaranteed an additional level 1 heading found in an article body should be converted to level 2 and any subsections under it adjusted to compensate the title displayed as the article s main heading is usually identical and always similar to the stored title by which the page is referenced in category listings recent changes lists etc and that appears suitably encoded as necessary in the page s url for technical details see wikipedia page name it is technically possible but undesirable for various reasons to make different pages display with the same title when an article s title is changed its database entry is altered but not actually moved for this reason a title change is sometimes called a rename although move remains the most common term this includes but is not limited to usage in the sources used as references for the article discussions about article titles commonly look at additional sourcing such as frequency of usage in news publications books and journals common name in the context of article naming means a commonly or frequently used name and not necessarily a common vernacular name as opposed to scientific name as used in some disciplines ambiguity as used here is unrelated to whether a title requires disambiguation pages on the english wikipedia for example heart attack is an ambiguous title because the term can refer to multiple medical conditions including cardiac arrest and myocardial infarction add this code in the search site wikipedia org add this code in the search inauthor books llc the quotation marks are essential books llc publishes compilations of wp articles this was decided during a july september 2010 poll see wikipedia talk article titles archive 29 rfc use of italics in article titles as well as the discussions that led up to the poll at wt manual of style archive 116 italicised article titles and wt manual of style archive 116 request for comment use of italics in article names no clear consensus has been found for a timeframe see wikipedia stable version to revert to and the talk page the content change after the move is also relevant as well as the time a previous move was made if significant changes have been made after a move several months may be considered stable otherwise significantly longer is generally required this paragraph was adopted to stop move warring it is an adaptation of the wording in the manual of style which is based on the arbitration committee s decision in the jguk case external links google book ngram viewer a graphic plotter of case sensitive frequency of multi term usage in books over time through 2022 extension titleblacklist a tool to block the creation of pages with disallowed titles and their derivatives variants v t e wikipedia key policies and guidelines five pillars ignore all rules content p verifiability no original research neutral point of view what wikipedia is not biographies of living persons copyright copyright violations image use article titles g notability autobiographies citing sources reliable sources medicine do not include copies of lengthy primary sources plagiarism do not create hoaxes fringe theories patent nonsense external links writing articles with large language models removal of ai generated content llm as...