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wolfram language wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 syntax toggle syntax subsection 2 1 basics 2 1 1 hello world 2 1 2 arithmetic 2 2 syntactic sugar 2 3 functional programming 2 4 pattern matching 3 implementations 4 naming 5 see also 6 references 7 external links toggle the table of contents wolfram language 17 languages العربية български català کوردی čeština deutsch español فارسی français italiano 日本語 한국어 മലയാളം português русский 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia programming language and environment developed by wolfram research this article has multiple issues please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page learn how and when to remove these messages this article may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments a violation of wikipedia s terms of use it may require cleanup to comply with wikipedia s content policies particularly neutral point of view see our advice if the article is about you and read our scam warning in case someone asks for money to edit this article march 2021 this article relies excessively on references to primary sources please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources find sources wolfram language news newspapers books scholar jstor march 2021 learn how and when to remove this message learn how and when to remove this message wolfram language paradigm multi paradigm term rewriting functional procedural array designed by stephen wolfram developer wolfram research first appeared 1988 38 years ago 1988 stable release 15 0 0 1 june 16 2026 3 months ago 2026 06 16 typing discipline dynamic strong os cross platform license proprietary filename extensions nb m wl website www wolfram com language major implementations mathematica mathics expreduce mockmma influenced by apl c c fortran lisp pascal prolog schoonschip 2 simula smalltalk 3 smp 4 influenced jupyter 5 clojure 6 julia the wolfram language ˈ w ʊ l f r əm wuul frəm is a proprietary 7 high level multi paradigm programming language 8 developed by wolfram research it emphasizes symbolic computation functional programming and rule based programming 9 and can employ arbitrary structures and data 9 it is the programming language of the mathematical symbolic computation program mathematica 10 history edit the wolfram language was part of the initial version of mathematica in 1988 11 symbolic aspects of the engine make it a computer algebra system the language can perform integration differentiation matrix manipulations and solve differential equations using a set of rules also the initial version introduced the notebook model and the ability to embed sound and images according to theodore gray s patent 12 wolfram also added features for more complex tasks such as 3d modeling 13 a name was finally adopted for the language in 2013 as wolfram research decided to make a version of the language engine free for raspberry pi users and they needed to come up with a name for it 14 it was included in the recommended software bundle that the raspberry pi foundation provides for beginners which caused some controversy due to the wolfram language s proprietary nature 15 plans to port the wolfram language to the intel edison were announced after the board s introduction at ces 2014 but were never released 16 in 2019 a link was added to make wolfram libraries compatible with the unity game engine giving game developers access to the language s high level functions 17 18 syntax edit the wolfram language syntax is overall similar to the m expression of 1960s lisp with support for infix operators and function notation function calls basics edit hello world edit to print hello world in wolfram language is the following print hello world arithmetic edit the wolfram language writes basic arithmetic expressions using infix operators this is a comment 4 3 7 1 2 3 4 15 note that multiplication can be omitted 1 2 3 4 divisions return rational numbers 6 4 3 2 function calls are denoted with square brackets sin pi 0 this is the function to convert rationals to floating point n 3 2 1 5 lists are enclosed in curly brackets oddlist 1 3 5 1 3 5 syntactic sugar edit the language may deviate from the m expression paradigm when an alternative more human friendly way of showing an expression is available a number of formatting rules are used in this language including texform for typeset expressions and inputform for language input functions can also be applied using the prefix expression and the postfix expression derivatives can be denoted with the apostrophe the infix operators themselves are considered sugar for the function notation system a fullform formatter desugars the input 19 fullform 1 2 plus 1 2 functional programming edit currying is supported pattern matching edit functions in the wolfram language are effectively a case of simple patterns for replacement f x_ x 0 the is a setdelayed operator so that the x is not immediately looked for x_ is syntax sugar for pattern x blank i e a blank for any value to replace x in the rest of the evaluation an iteration of bubble sort is expressed as sortrule x___ y_ z_ k___ y z x z y k rule condition list patternsequence x blanknullsequence pattern y blank pattern z blank patternsequence k blanknullsequence greater y z list x z y k the operator is condition so that the rule only applies when y z the three underscores are a syntax for a blanknullsequence for a sequence that can be null a replacerepeated operator can be used to apply this rule repeatedly until no more change happens 9 5 3 1 2 4 sortrule replacerepeated 9 5 3 1 2 4 sortrule 1 2 3 4 5 9 the pattern matching system also easily gives rise to rule based integration and derivation the following are excerpts from the rubi package of rules 20 reciprocal rule int 1 x_ x_symbol log x power rule int x_ m_ x_symbol x m 1 m 1 freeq m x neq m 1 implementations edit the official and reference implementation of the wolfram language lies in mathematica and associated online services these are closed source 21 wolfram research has however released a parser of the language under the open source mit license 22 the parser was originally developed in c but was rewritten in rust in 2023 the reference book is open access 23 in the over three decade long existence of the wolfram language a number of open source third party implementations have also been developed richard fateman s mockmma from 1991 is of historical note both for being the earliest reimplementation and for having received a cease and desist from wolfram modern ones still being maintained as of april 2020 update include symja in java expreduce in golang and sympy based mathics 24 these implementations focus on the core language and the computer algebra system that it implies not on the online knowledgebase features of wolfram in 2019 25 wolfram research released the freeware wolfram engine to be used as a programming library in non commercial software this developer only engine provides a command line shell of the mathematica evaluator with a limited number of kernels and requires signup and license activation over the web the freely available jupyter notebook lab project provides a protocol zmq to connect their notebooks to various languages this is available as an alternative to the text only cli interface via the wolfram kernel for jupyter 26 naming edit the language was officially named in june 2013 and has been used as the backend of mathematica and other wolfram technologies for over 30 years 27 28 see also edit computer programming portal mathematics portal notebook interface references edit launching version 15 of wolfram language mathematica built in useful ai lots of new core functionality stephen wolfram writings 2026 06 16 retrieved 2026 06 16 wolfram stephen tini veltman 1931 2021 from assembly language to a nobel prize stephen wolfram writings stephenwolfram comwritings retrieved 22 january 2021 maeder roman e 1994 the mathematica programmer academic press inc p 6 isbn 978 1 48321 415 3 wolfram language q a wolfram research retrieved 2016 12 05 somers james the scientific paper is obsolete the atlantic retrieved 2018 04 10 hickey rich clojure bookshelf amazon com archived from the original on 2017 10 03 retrieved 2020 05 06 wolfram open code open source open data open resources www wolfram com retrieved 2023 02 03 notes for programming language experts about wolfram language wolfram com retrieved 2015 11 05 1 2 what should we call the language of mathematica stephen wolfram blog blog stephenwolfram com 2013 02 12 retrieved 2015 11 05 celebrating mathematica s first quarter century wolfram blog blog wolfram com 23 june 2013 retrieved 2015 11 05 wolfram 1988 mathematica a system for doing mathematics by computer hayes brian 1990 01 01 thoughts on mathematica pdf pixel archived from the original pdf on 2014 07 15 retrieved 2020 04 14 wolfram language system documentation center reference wolfram com retrieved 2015 11 05 putting the wolfram language and mathematica on every raspberry pi wolfram blog blog wolfram com 21 november 2013 retrieved 2015 11 05 sherr ian 2013 11 22 premium mathematica software free on budget raspberry pi cnet news cnet com retrieved 2015 11 05 daniel aj sokolov 2014 11 22 intels edison pentium system im format einer sd karte heise online heise de retrieved 2015 11 05 the wolfram language will soon be integrated into unity gamasutra 2014 03 10 retrieved 2015 11 05 is there a way to use wolfram language in unity3d wolfram 2017 archived from the original on 19 july 2017 retrieved 11 april 2017 fullform wolfram language documentation welcome to rubi the rule based integrator rule based integration mcloone j 2 april 2019 why wolfram tech isn t open source a dozen reasons wolfram blog codeparser parse wolfram language source code as abstract syntax trees asts or concrete syntax trees csts github wolfram research inc open materials from wolfram open code open source open data open resources www wolfram com simon is there an open source implementation of mathematica the language mathematica stack exchange wolfram steven 21 may 2019 launching today free wolfram engine for developers stephen wolfram writings free wolfram engine for developers www wolfram com retrieved 19 january 2021 kastrenakes jacob 2013 11 14 wolfram announces most important project a programming language that models the world the verge retrieved 2023 09 21 something very big is coming our most important technology project yet stephen wolfram writings writings stephenwolfram com 2013 11 13 retrieved 2023 09 21 external links edit official website documentation for the wolfram language an elementary introduction to the wolfram language v t e wolfram research products computable document format mathematica gridmathematica mathworld wolframalpha wolfram demonstrations project wolfram language wolfram systemmodeler people stephen wolfram conrad wolfram theodore gray eric weisstein ed pegg jr authority control databases international gnd national united states israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title wolfram_language oldid 1373281960 categories array programming languages notebook interface computer algebra systems cross platform software dynamically typed programming languages finite element software functional languages high level programming languages multi paradigm programming languages programming languages created in 1988 term rewriting programming languages wolfram research hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata wikipedia articles with undisclosed paid content from march 2021 articles lacking reliable references from march 2021 all articles lacking reliable references articles with multiple maintenance issues articles containing potentially dated statements from april 2020 all articles containing potentially dated statements this page was last edited on 5 september 2026 at 01 52 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents wolfram language 17 languages add topic