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he table of contents wood plastic composite 25 languages boarisch български বাংলা català čeština deutsch ελληνικά español eesti فارسی suomi français magyar italiano 日本語 한국어 nederlands português русский slovenčina slovenščina türkçe українська tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia composite materials made of wood fiber and thermoplastics this article has multiple issues please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page learn how and when to remove these messages this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources wood plastic composite news newspapers books scholar jstor july 2010 learn how and when to remove this message a major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject it may require cleanup to comply with wikipedia s content policies particularly neutral point of view please discuss further on the talk page see our advice if the article is about you and read our scam warning in case someone asks for money to edit this article july 2010 learn how and when to remove this message learn how and when to remove this message wood plastic composite wood plastic composites wpcs are composite materials made of wood fiber or wood flour and thermoplastics such as polyethylene pe polypropylene pp polyvinyl chloride pvc or polylactic acid pla in addition to wood fiber and plastic wpcs can also contain other ligno cellulosic or inorganic filler materials wpcs are a subset of a larger category of materials called natural fiber plastic composites nfpcs which may contain no cellulose based fiber fillers such as pulp fibers peanut hulls coffee husk bamboo straw digestate etc chemical additives provide for integration of polymer and wood flour powder while facilitating optimal processing conditions history edit the company that invented and patented the process to create wpc was covema of milan in 1960 founded by terragni brothers dino and marco covema made wpc under the tradename plastic wood 1 2 after a few years from the invention of the plastic wood the company icma san giorgio patented the first process to add wood fiber or wood flour to the thermoplastics wpcs 3 uses edit also sometimes known as composite timber wpcs are still new materials relative to the long history of natural lumber as a building material the most widespread use of wpcs in north america is in outdoor deck floors but it is also used for railings fences landscaping timbers cladding and siding park benches molding and trim prefab houses under the tradename woodpecker wpc 4 window and door frames and indoor furniture 5 wpcs were first introduced into the decking market in the early 1990s manufacturers 6 7 8 9 10 claim that wpc is more environmentally friendly and requires less maintenance than the alternatives of solid wood treated with preservatives or solid wood of rot resistant species these materials can be molded with or without simulated wood grain details 11 12 production edit the first extrusion line to produce plastic wood made by covema wpcs are produced by thoroughly mixing ground wood particles and heated thermoplastic resin the most common method of production is to extrude the material into the desired shape though injection molding is also used wpcs may be produced from either virgin or recycled thermoplastics including high density polyethylene hdpe low density polyethylene ldpe polyvinyl chloride pvc polypropylene pp acrylonitrile butadiene styrene abs polystyrene ps and polylactic acid pla pe based wpcs are by far the most common additives such as colorants coupling agents uv stabilizers blowing agents foaming agents and lubricants help tailor the end product to the target area of application extruded wpcs are formed into both solid and hollow profiles a large variety of injection molded parts are also produced from automotive door panels to cell phone covers in some manufacturing facilities the constituents are combined and processed in a pelletizing extruder which produces pellets of the new material the pellets are then re melted and formed into the final shape other manufacturers complete the finished part in a single step of mixing and extrusion 13 due to the addition of organic material wpcs are usually processed at far lower temperatures than traditional plastics during extrusion and injection molding wpcs tend to process at temperatures of about 28 c 50 f lower than the same unfilled material for instance most will begin to burn at temperatures around 204 c 400 f 14 processing wpcs at excessively high temperatures increases the risk of shearing or burning and discoloration resulting from pushing a material that is too hot through a gate which is too small during injection molding the ratio of wood to plastic in the composite will ultimately determine the melt flow index mfi of the wpc with larger amounts of wood generally leading to a lower mfi a variety of wood plastic composites advantages and disadvantages edit trex composite decking wpcs do not corrode and are highly resistant to rot decay and marine borer attack though they do absorb water into the wood fibers embedded within the material 15 water absorption is more pronounced in wfcs with a hydrophilic matrix such as pla and also leads to decreased mechanical stiffness and strength 16 the mechanical performance in a wet environment can be enhanced by an acetylation treatment 17 wpcs have good workability and can be shaped using conventional woodworking tools wpcs are often considered a sustainable material because they can be made using recycled plastics and the waste products of the wood industry although these materials continue the lifespan of used and discarded materials they have their own considerable half life the polymers and adhesives added make wpc difficult to recycle again after use 18 they can however be recycled easily in a new wpc much like concrete one advantage over wood is the ability of the material to be molded to meet almost any desired shape a wpc member can be bent and fixed to form strong arching curves another major selling point of these materials is their lack of need for paint they are manufactured in a variety of colors but are widely available in grays and earth tones despite up to 70 percent cellulose content although 50 50 is more common the mechanical behavior of wpcs is most similar to neat polymers neat polymers are polymerized without added solvents 19 20 this means that wpcs have a lower strength and stiffness than wood and they experience time and temperature dependent behavior 21 the wood particles are susceptible to fungal attack though not as much so as solid wood and the polymer component is vulnerable to uv degradation 22 it is possible that the strength and stiffness may be reduced by freeze thaw cycling though testing is still being conducted in this area some wpc formulations are sensitive to staining from a variety of agents wpc sandwich boards edit wpc boards show a good set of performance but monolithic composite sheets are relatively heavy most often heavier than pure plastics which limits their use to applications where low weight is not essential wpc in a sandwich structured composite form allows for a combination of the benefits of traditional wood polymer composites with the lightness of a sandwich panel technology wpc sandwich boards consist of wood polymer composite skins and usually low density polymer core which leads to a very effective increase of panel s rigidity wpc sandwich boards are used mainly in automotive transportation and building applications but furniture applications are also being developed 23 new efficient and often in line integrated production processes allow to produce stronger and stiffer wpc sandwich boards at lower costs compared to traditional plastic sheets or monolithic wpc panels 24 issues edit environmental impact edit the environmental impact of wpcs is directly affected by the ratio of renewable to non renewable materials the commonly used petroleum based polymers have a negative environmental impact because they rely on non renewable raw materials and the non biodegradability of plastics 25 fire hazards edit the types of plastic normally used in wpc formulations have higher fire hazard properties than wood alone as plastic has a higher chemical heat content and can melt the inclusion of plastic as a portion of the composite results in the potential for higher fire hazards in wpcs as compared with wood some code officials are becoming increasingly concerned with the fire performance of wpcs 26 27 see also edit composite lumber glued laminated timber laminate panel plastic composite disambiguation plastic lumber sleeper transparent wood composite references edit official website of agripak plastics world volume 28 parte 2 official website of icma archived from the original on 2022 05 28 retrieved 2019 10 18 wpc social housing www woodpecker com co clemons c 2002 wood plastic composites in the united states the interfacing of two industries forest products journal 52 6 buzhoushan wpc doors wood plastic composite hollow door assembled door manufacturer from china www thewpcdoor com retrieved 2017 02 08 producers decking railing fencing www wpcinfo org retrieved 2017 02 08 jelu is a manufacturer of wpc wood plastic composite jeluplast archived from the original on 2017 02 11 retrieved 2017 02 08 china s wpc profile making machine manufacturer supplier www abelplas com archived from the original on 2018 03 13 retrieved 2017 02 08 connect with 756 wood plastic composite manufacturers global sources www globalsources com retrieved 2017 02 08 introduction of wpc wood plastic composite products hiziroglou et al forest products journal 2010 wood plastic composites production requires high formulation quality the feeding system ktron com archived from the original on 2016 12 14 retrieved 2013 08 26 wood plastic composites green dot bioplastics stark n 2001 influence of moisture absorption on mechanical properties of wood flour polypropylene composites journal of thermoplastic composite materials 14 joffre thomas segerholm kristoffer persson cecilia bardage stig l luengo hendriks cris l isaksson per january 2017 characterization of interfacial stress transfer ability in acetylation treated wood fibre composites using x ray microtomography industrial crops and products 95 43 49 doi 10 1016 j indcrop 2016 10 009 issn 0926 6690 larsson p simonson r 1994 04 01 a study of strength hardness and deformation of acetylated scandinavian softwoods holz als roh und werkstoff 52 2 83 86 doi 10 1007 bf02615470 issn 0018 3768 s2cid 19529734 gibson scott 2008 synthetic decking remodeling magazine what are ultra polymers solvay 2014 retrieved 2014 04 17 carraher charles 2014 carraher s polymer chemistry boca raton taylor francis p 232 isbn 978 1 4665 5203 6 hamel s 2011 modeling the time dependent flexural response of wood plastic composite materials dissertation university of wisconsin madison morrell j et al 2006 durability of wood plastic composites wood design focus 16 3 wpc honeycomb panels renolit com retrieved 2014 10 07 sandwich panel technology econcore com retrieved 2014 10 07 schwarzkopf matthew john burnard michael david 2016 wood plastic composites performance and environmental impacts pdf in a kutnar and s s muthu ed environmental impacts of traditional and innovative forest based bioproducts environmental footprints and eco design of products and processes singapore springer pp 19 43 doi 10 1007 978 981 10 0655 5_2 isbn 978 981 10 0653 1 archived from the original pdf on 2023 05 19 retrieved 2017 09 18 washington state university wood plastic composites information center fire issues in engineered wood composites for naval waterfront facilities archived 2013 10 27 at the wayback machine 46th international sampe symposium and exhibition long beach california may 2001 environmental news network california fire codes put focus on plastic decking concerns 5 nov 2007 v t e wood products lumber timber batten beam bressummer cls cruck flitch beam flooring joist lath log building log cabin log house molding panelling plank plate post purlin rafter railroad ties reclaimed shingle siding sill stud timber truss treenail truss utility pole engineered wood cross laminated timber glued laminated timber veneer lvl parallel strand i joist fiberboard hardboard masonite mdf oriented strand board oriented structural straw board particle board plywood structural insulated panel wood plastic composite lumber fuelwood charcoal biochar firelog firewood pellet fuel wood fuel fibers cardboard corrugated fiberboard paper paperboard pulp pulpwood rayon derivatives birch tar cellulose nano hemicellulose cellulosic ethanol dyes lignin liquid smoke lye methanol pyroligneous acid pine tar pitch sandalwood oil tannin wood gas by products barkdust black liquor ramial chipped wood sawdust tall oil wood flour wood wool woodchips historical axe ties bavin wood billet wood clapboard dugout canoe potash sawdust brandy split rail fence tanbark timber framing wooden masts see also biomass certified wood destructive distillation dry distillation engineered bamboo forestry green building and wood list of woods mulch non timber forest products natural building papermaking reclaimed lumber timber recycling wood drying wood preservation wood processing woodworking yakisugi category commons wikiproject forestry retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title wood plastic_composite oldid 1350456987 categories woodworking materials recycled building materials composite materials engineered wood recycling plastics bioplastics plastics and the environment hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles needing additional references from july 2010 all articles needing additional references wikipedia articles with possible conflicts of interest from july 2010 articles with multiple maintenance issues webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 22 april 2026 at 01 59 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers 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