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ch as garuda in hinduism see vahana for divine mounts in hinduism and the winged horse pegasus in greek mythology pack animals edit source a pack llama pack animals may be of the same species as mounts or harness animals though animals such as horses especially packhorses mules donkeys reindeer and both types of camel may have individual bloodlines or breeds that have been selectively bred for packing additional species are only used to carry loads including llamas in the andes domesticated cattle and yaks are also used as pack animals other species used to carry cargo include dogs and pack goats draft animals edit source donkey used to pull a wheeled vehicle in morocco camel pulling a coach in rajasthan an intermediate use is as draft animals harnessed singly or in teams to pull sleds wheeled vehicles or ploughs oxen are slow but strong and have been used in a yoke since ancient times the earliest surviving vehicle puabi s sumerian sledge was ox drawn an acre was originally defined as the area a span of oxen could plow in a day the domestic water buffalo and carabao pull wagons and ploughs in southeast asia and the philippines draught or draft horses are commonly used in harness for heavy work several breeds of medium weight horses are used to pull lighter wheeled carts carriages and buggies when a certain amount of speed or style is desirable mules are considered tough and strong with harness capacity dependent on the type of horse mare used to produce the mule foal because they are a hybrid animal and usually are infertile separate breeding programs must also be maintained ponies and donkeys are often used to pull carts and small wagons historically ponies were commonly used in mining to pull ore carts dogs are used for pulling light carts or particularly sleds e g sled dogs such as huskies for both recreation and working purposes goats also can perform light harness work in front of carts reindeer are used in the arctic and sub arctic nordic countries and siberia during world war ii the red army deployed deer transportation battalions on the eastern front 1 in the twenty first century russian soldiers continue to train with reindeer sleds in winter 2 in traditional festive legend santa claus s reindeer pull a sleigh through the night sky to help santa claus deliver gifts to children on christmas eve elephants are used for logging in southeast asia less often camels and llamas have been trained to harness according to juan ignacio molina the dutch captain joris van spilbergen observed the use of chiliquenes a llama type by native mapuches of mocha island as plough animals in 1614 3 assorted wild animals have on occasion been tamed and trained to harness including zebras and even moose see also driving horse guard animals edit source as some domesticated animals display extremely protective or territorial behavior certain breeds and species have been utilized to guard people and or property such as homes public buildings businesses crops livestock and even venues of criminal activity 4 5 guard animals can either act as alarms to alert their owners of danger or they can be used to actively scare off and or even attack encroaching intruders or dangerous animals well known examples of guard animals include dogs geese and llamas citation needed powering fixed machinery edit source an ox powered copra press working draught animals may power fixed machinery using a treadmill and have been used throughout history to power a winch to raise water from a well turnspit dogs were formerly used to power roasting jacks for roasting meat treatment animals edit source working as a form of biological treatment for the environment animals such as asian carps were imported to the u s in 1970s to control algae weed and parasite growth in aquatic farms weeds in canal systems and as one form of sewage treatment 6 pathogens and diseases edit source see also bioindicator animals can be used to detect the presence of pathogens and patients carrying infectious diseases dogs 7 8 9 10 including scent hounds and bees 11 have been trained to detect covid 19 infections dogs have been trained to detect cancer 12 one study reported ants could be used to detect cancer via urine 13 14 detection rats such as those trained by apopo can also be taught to identify diseases especially pulmonary tuberculosis 15 searching and retrieving edit source dogs and pigs with a better sense of smell than humans can assist with gathering by finding valuable products such as truffles a very expensive subterranean fungus the french typically use truffle hogs while italians mainly use dogs citation needed monkeys are trained to pick coconuts from palm trees a job many human workers consider as too dangerous 16 detecting contraband edit source detection dogs commonly employed by law enforcement authorities are trained to use their senses to detect illegal drugs explosives currency and contraband electronics such as illicit mobile phones among other things 17 the sense most used by detection dogs is smell hence such dogs are also commonly known as sniffer dogs for this task dogs may sometimes be used remotely from the suspect item for example via the remote air sampling for canine olfaction rasco system 18 interfacing and organization edit source assistance animals edit source main article service animal the best known example is the guide dog or seeing eye dog for blind people see also service dog miniature horses are also occasionally used for this purpose as well trained dogs and african asian and american monkeys such as capuchin monkeys have been taught to provide other functions for impaired people such as opening mail and minor household tasks of the same like herding edit source a koolie dog working with sheep a very close working relationship exists between a stockman or shepherd a herding dog and the herd or mob of sheep or cattle cattle and sheep herders in other parts of the world also use various dog breeds certain breeds of horses also have an innate cow sense that allows them to effectively carry a rider to the right place at the right time to muster gather or round up livestock see stock horse cutting horse police and military edit source main articles military animal and police dog the defensive and offensive capabilities of animals such as fangs and claws can be used to protect or to attack humans the guard dog barks or attacks to warn of an intruder sniffer dogs are used to detect explosives contraband and attack dogs are trained to attack on command war elephants were trained for battle in ancient times and are still used for military transport today military uses of horses have changed over the millennia but still continue including for police work camel cavalry was used in deserts since they had better performance and survivability in the harsh desert environment than horses india s border security force and some other countries still used camel cavalry for patrolling in the thar desert dolphins and sea lions carry markers to attach to naval mines as well as patrolling harbors dogs can be trained to find landmines rats which are lighter and less of a risk to set the mines off have recently been used more frequently 15 19 homing pigeons transport material usually messages on small pieces of paper by air legal status edit source in some jurisdictions certain working animals are afforded greater legal rights than other animals one such common example is police dogs and military dogs which are often afforded additional protections and the same memorial services as human officers and soldiers india law have provision for the in loco parentis for implementing animal welfare laws under the indian law the non human entities such as animals deities trusts charitable organizations corporate managing bodies etc and several other non human entitles have been given the status of the legal person with legal rights and duties such as to sue and be sued to own and transfer the property to pay taxes etc in court cases regarding animals the animals have the status of legal person and humans have the legal duty to act as loco parentis towards animals welfare like a parent has towards the minor children in a case of cow smuggling the punjab and haryana high court mandated that entire animal kingdom including avian and aquatic species has a distinct legal persona with corresponding rights duties and liabilities of a living person and humans are loco parentis while laying out the norms for animal welfare veterinary treatment fodder and shelter e g animal drawn carriages must not have more than four humans and load carrying animals must not be loaded beyond the specified limits and those limits must be halved when animals have to carry the load up a slope a court while deciding the animal welfare board of india vs nagaraja case in 2014 mandated that animals are also entitled to the fundamental right to freedom 20 enshrined in the article 21 of constitution of india i e right to life personal liberty and the right to die with dignity passive euthanasia in another case a court in uttarakhand state mandated that animals have the same rights as humans 21 see also edit source agriculture portal dogs portal horses portal insects portal wikimedia commons has media related to working animals service animal animal to assist people with disabilities animal rights rights belonging to animals animal sentinel organisms used to detect risks to humans animals in film and television animals in sport sports that involve use of animals biological pest control controlling pests using other organisms draft horse large horse bred for heavy work cruelty to animals negligent or abusive action against animals by humans commercial animal cloning commercial cloning of animals donkey rides british beach entertainment feature experiment horse powered boat horse powered boat horse drawn boat canal boat pulled by a horse on a towpath horse drawn vehicle vehicle pulled by one or more horses horseboating society society promoting horse drawn boating hymenoptera training bees or wasps trained to detect dangerous substances list of domesticated animals mixed farming economic activity non human electoral candidate candidate proposed for satire or protest pet culture interaction of humans and pets working cat domestic cat kept primarily for pest control rather than companionship working dog dog trained to perform practical tasks drafting dog dog bred for a specific type of work pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets seizure response dog assists person during or immediately before or after a seizure guard dog working dog scent hound dog type hunting dog working rat trained animal truffle hog domestic pig trained to find edible fungi pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets pack animal individual or type of working animal used by humans jack baboon chacma baboon and mobility aid died 1890 references edit source андрей зайцев 8 may 2013 оленьи батальоны на мурманском рубеже in russian мурман archived from the original on 2014 08 08 retrieved 2014 08 05 russian soldiers train in sub zero temperatures with reindeer bbc 4 february 2016 archived from the original on 2016 02 04 retrieved 2016 02 04 juan bautista ignacio molina 1808 the geographical natural and civil history of chili vol ii pp 15 16 eckholm erik 14 may 2010 trying to take a bite out of crime via felons dogs the new york times issn 0362 4331 archived from the original on 2023 03 02 retrieved 2023 03 04 henley jon 27 september 2000 monkeys the new weapon of paris gangs the guardian issn 0261 3077 archived from the original on 2023 03 02 retrieved 2023 03 04 asian carp overview national park service 24 june 2019 archived from the original on 2015 12 17 retrieved 2019 10 15 davis nicola 25 september 2020 any breed could do it dogs might be a covid tester s best friend the guardian archived from the original on 2021 01 16 retrieved 2021 01 16 else holly 23 november 2020 can dogs smell covid here s what the science says nature 587 7835 530 531 bibcode 2020natur 587 530e doi 10 1038 d41586 020 03149 9 pmid 33230277 s2cid 227158181 archived from the original on 2021 02 08 retrieved 2021 01 16 jendrny paula schulz claudia twele friederike et al 23 july 2020 scent dog identification of samples from covid 19 patients a pilot study bmc infectious diseases 20 1 536 doi 10 1186 s12879 020 05281 3 issn 1471 2334 pmc 7376324 pmid 32703188 grandjean dominique sarkis riad lecoq julien clothilde et al 10 december 2020 can the detection dog alert on covid 19 positive persons by sniffing axillary sweat samples a proof of concept study plos one 15 12 e0243122 bibcode 2020ploso 1543122g doi 10 1371 journal pone 0243122 issn 1932 6203 pmc 7728218 pmid 33301539 bart biesemans 6 may 2021 bees in the netherlands trained to detect covid 19 infections reuters archived from the original on 2021 06 30 retrieved 2021 06 13 experimental biology 8 april 2019 study shows dogs can accurately sniff out cancer in blood canine cancer detection could lead to new noninvasive inexpensive ways to detect cancer sciencedaily archived from the original on 2023 03 23 retrieved 2023 03 09 ants can sniff out cancer in urine scientists find sky news 25 january 2023 archived from the original on 2023 02 16 retrieved 2023 02 16 piqueret baptiste montaudon élodie devienne paul leroy chloé marangoni elisabetta sandoz jean christophe d ettorre patrizia 25 january 2023 ants act as olfactory bio detectors of tumours in patient derived xenograft mice proceedings of the royal society b biological sciences 290 1991 20221962 doi 10 1098 rspb 2022 1962 issn 0962 8452 pmc 9874262 pmid 36695032 1 2 we train rats to save lives apopo archived from the original on 2011 06 06 dutch organization that raises and trains detection rats for worldwide use see also welcome to herorats headquarters herorat archived from the original on 2011 05 10 nelson dean 20 february 2012 monkeys to be trained to pick coconuts the daily telegraph archived from the original on 2022 01 12 jenkins austin 22 july 2009 kplu dogs used to sniff out cell phones in nw prisons kplu 88 5 archived from the original on 2012 09 19 retrieved 2010 11 11 wickens b 2001 remote air sampling for canine olfaction proceedings ieee 35th annual 2001 international carnahan conference on security technology london uk pp 100 102 doi 10 1109 ccst 2001 962819 maryann mott 10 february 2004 bees giant african rats used to sniff landmines national geographic archived from the original on 2007 12 19 retrieved 2010 03 12 democratic politics class 9 ncert full citation needed ananya bhattacharya 7 june 2019 birds to holy rivers a list of everything india considers legal persons quartz archived from the original on 2019 11 09 falvey john lindsay 1985 introduction to working animals melbourne australia mpw australia isbn 1 86252 992 2 external links edit source working goats archived 4 june 2016 at the wayback machine documentary produc...