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wāpuro rōmaji wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 spelling conventions 2 phonetic accuracy 3 see also 4 references toggle the table of contents wāpuro rōmaji 6 languages bikol central deutsch español français 日本語 українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from wāpuro japanese romanization system wāpuro redirects here for word processors in general including japanese ones see word processor this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources wāpuro rōmaji news newspapers books scholar jstor november 2007 learn how and when to remove this message japanese writing components kanji stroke order radicals jōyō kanji list kyōiku kanji tōyō kanji jinmeiyō kanji hyōgai kanji on yomi go on kan on tō on kun yomi kana hiragana hentaigana katakana man yōgana sōgana gojūon typographic symbols japanese punctuation iteration mark uses syllabograms furigana okurigana braille transliteration rōmaji hepburn kunrei shiki iso 3602 nihon shiki jsl wāpuro keyboard input cyrillization polivanov system v t e wāpuro rōmaji ワープロローマ字 or kana spelling is a style of romanization of japanese originally devised for entering japanese into word processors ワードプロセッサー wādo purosessā often abbreviated wāpuro while using a western qwerty keyboard in japanese the more formal name is rōmaji kana henkan ローマ字仮名変換 literally roman character kana conversion one conversion method has been standardized as jis x 4063 2000 keystroke to kana transfer method using latin letter key for japanese input method however the standard explicitly states that it is intended as a means of input not as a method of romanization 1 wāpuro rōmaji is now frequently employed in general purpose computer input as well as word processing but the name lives on wāpuro style romanizations are also frequently used by native speakers of japanese in informal contexts as well as by many fans of anime and other aspects of japanese culture citation needed a common characteristic of these often online cases is the avoidance of hard to type circumflexes or macrons also some ambiguities in spelling may exist clarification needed spellings are seen that would fail to produce the desired kana when typed on a computer for example failure to distinguish between ず properly entered as zu and づ properly entered as du spelling conventions edit in practice there are as many variants of wāpuro rōmaji as there are manufacturers of word processing and ime software many aspects of hepburn kunrei and nihon shiki romanizations are accepted so that both si kunrei nihon shiki and shi hepburn resolve to し some conventions however differ from standard romanizations owing to the difficulty of entering diacritics like macrons or circumflexes with standard keyboards as well as the ambiguity of ō etc which in hepburn can represent either おう or おお long vowels are almost universally entered following kana spelling rules thus kou for こう and koo for こお the nihon shiki forms of romanization take precedence over other romanizations thus du usually produces づ rather than どぅ small kana can be entered by prefacing them with an x or l e g xa for ぁ or ltu for っ this is commonly employed for modern katakana combinations like ティ which would be entered as texi thi or t i however on some systems l is treated the same as r when followed by a vowel or y じゃ じゅ and じょ may also be romanized as jya jyu and jyo respectively this matches the kana closely but is used by neither nihon shiki kunrei which would be zya zyu zyo nor hepburn ja ju jo the hepburn spelling tchi for っち may be rejected and tti or cchi may be required instead the hepburn spelling mma is likely to be rendered っま not the intended んま nma this is not an issue for revised hepburn which eliminates the mm forms in favor of nm moraic n ん can be entered as nn n or n while moraic n can be typed in simply as n in some cases in other cases it is necessary to type in a non ambiguous form to prevent the ime from interpreting the n as belonging to a kana from the na column な na に ni ぬ nu ね ne の no phonetic names can often be used for japanese typographic symbols not found on standard keyboards for example in some imes can be entered as nami wave or kara from and an ellipsis can be entered as tenten point point phonetic accuracy edit unlike kunrei and hepburn the wāpuro style is based on a one to one transliteration of the kana 1 wāpuro thus does not represent some distinctions observed in spoken japanese but not in writing such as the difference between oː long vowel and oɯ o u for example in standard japanese the kana おう can be pronounced in two different ways as oː meaning king 王 2 and as oɯ meaning to chase 追う 3 kunrei and hepburn spell the two differently as ô ō and ou because the former is a long vowel while the latter has an o that happens to be followed by a u however wāpuro style simply transcribes the kana and renders them both as ou likewise the irregularly spelled particles wa は e へ and o を must be entered as written ha he and wo respectively not as pronounced unlike kunrei and hepburn which transcribe the pronunciation see also edit japanese language and computers pinyin input method references edit 1 2 この規格は キー入力時の変換方式を規定するものであって 日本語のローマ字の標準表記を規定するものではない jisx4063 仮名漢字変換システムのための英字キー入力から仮名への変換方式 page 2 大辞泉 おう わう 1 王 大辞泉 お う おふ 追う 逐う v t e romanization of japanese hepburn jsl kunrei shiki iso 3602 nihon shiki iso 3602 strict wāpuro v t e japanese language earlier forms old early middle late middle early modern dialects eastern hokkaidō tōhoku northern nanbu tsugaru akita matagi southern kesen nairiku kantō western gunma kanagawa tokyo eastern ibaraki tochigi northern izu islands tōkai tōsan nagano yamanashi shizuoka shizuoka narada echigo nagaoka gifu aichi nagoya mikawa mino hida western hokuriku kaga kanazawa shiramine kansai awaji banshū kishū okuyoshino shikoku iyo tosa sanuki chūgoku san yō bingo east san in inshū umpaku kyūshū hōnichi ōita hichiku chikuzen hakata kumamoto nagasaki saga tsushima satsugū other amami japanese okinawan japanese pidgins and creoles bamboo english bonin english hawaiian creole kyowa go pseudo chinese yilan creole japanese yokohama pidgin japanese japonic languages eastern old japanese hachijō grammar ryukyuan northern amami ōshima southern amami ōshima kikai kunigami okinawan okinoerabu tokunoshima yoron southern miyako tarama yaeyama yonaguni writing system logograms script reform kanbun kanji by stroke count kanji radicals by frequency by stroke count kokuji ryakuji ateji kana hiragana katakana furigana okurigana gojūon man yōgana hentaigana sōgana kana ligature orthography braille kanji punctuation kanazukai historical kana modern kana jōdai tokushu kanazukai yotsugana transcription into japanese encoding euc euc jp iso iec 2022 jis 0201 0208 0211 0212 0213 shift jis unicode hiragana kana extended a kana extended b kana supplement small kana extension katakana katakana phonetic extensions other arib std b24 enclosed eis extended shinjitai half full grammar and vocabulary japanese grammar verb conjugations kagoshima verb conjugations godan and ichidan verbs irregular verbs pronouns adjectives possessives particles kagoshima nagasaki kinki topic marker counter words numerals native words yamato kotoba sino japanese vocabulary loan words gairaigo from dutch from portuguese wasei eigo wasei kango engrish honorific speech honorifics court lady language nyōbō kotoba role language yakuwarigo gender differences dictionaries phonology pitch accent rendaku sound symbolism kanji pronunciation sources on yomi go on kan on tō on kun yomi transliteration romanization hepburn nihon shiki kunrei shiki jsl wāpuro rōmaji in esperanto cyrillization polivanov system literature books poetry writers speculative fiction writers classical japanese texts retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title wāpuro_rōmaji oldid 1376338449 categories romanization of japanese japanese writing system hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles needing additional references from november 2007 all articles needing additional references articles containing japanese language text all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from october 2022 wikipedia articles needing clarification from july 2026 pages with plain ipa this page was last edited on 23 september 2026 at 15 05 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents wāpuro rōmaji 6 languages add topic