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they came for two reasons the first is that jiangxi became too crowded and its people sought expansion the second is that hunan suffered greatly during the mongol conquest of the song dynasty when there was mass slaughter 1 and needed to replenish its population after the middle of the ming dynasty migration gradually became more diverse and economically and commercially motivated migrants who came from the north settled mainly in northern hunan followed by western hunan for this reason northern and western hunan are mandarin districts 12 phonology edit comparison with standard chinese edit comparison of xiangxiang area loushao and changyi dialects with standard chinese feature standard chinese xiangxiang locations ninxiang location dictionary 13 chao 14 chengguan 1 yueshan 11 jinsou 10 baitian 10 huitang 10 consonants and initials 21 23 29 28 24 26 24 vowels and finals 35 37 37 38 42 37 38 tones 4 4 7 5 6 6 6 general edit these phonetic charts use ipa phonetic symbols with the addition of curly tail alveolo palatal symbols 15 and follow the format set forth by chao 14 consonants edit consonants of the xiangxiang dialect 1 bilabial alveolar denti alveolar alveolo palatal retroflex velar nasal m n ȵ ŋ plosives voiced b d ɡ voiceless unaspirated p t k voiceless aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ fricatives voiced ɣ voiceless s ɕ ʂ x affricates voiced dz dʑ dʐ voiceless unaspirated ts tɕ tʂ voiceless aspirated tsʰ tɕʰ tʂʰ lateral approximants l tones edit phonemically xiangxiang dialect has seven tones 1 tone chart of the xiangxiang dialect tone number tone name tone contour description 1 yin ping 陰平 55 high 2 yang ping 陽平 13 extra low rising 2 ci yang ping 次陽平 23 low rising 3 shang sheng 上聲 21 low 5 yin qu 陰去 45 high rising 5 ci yin qu 次陰去 35 high rising 6 yang qu 陽去 33 mid jinsou town edit source 10 consonants edit consonants of the xiangxiang dialect jinsou town bilabial alveolar denti alveolar alveolo palatal retroflex velar laryngeal nasal m n ȵ ŋ plosives voiced b d ɡ voiceless unaspirated p t k ø 油 voiceless aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ fricatives voiced ɣ voiceless s ɕ ʂ x affricates voiced dz dʑ dʐ voiceless unaspirated ts tɕ tʂ voiceless aspirated tsʰ tɕʰ tʂʰ lateral approximants l yueshan town edit tones edit tone chart of the xiangxiang dialect yueshan town 11 tone number tone name tone contour description 1 yin ping 陰平 55 high 2 yang ping 陽平 13 low rising 3 shang sheng 上聲 21 low 4 yin qu 陰去 45 high rising 5 yang qu 陽去 22 mid see also edit xiang chinese list of chinese dialects references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 coblin w south 2011 comparative phonology of the central xiāng dialects taipei taiwan institute of linguistics academia sinica isbn 978 986 02 9803 1 1 2 crissman lawrence w 23 november 2012 digital language atlas of china harvard dataverse doi 10 7910 dvn ohyyxh hdl 1902 1 18939 cite web missing or empty url help 1 2 3 lavely william berman lex 18 october 2012 language atlas of china harvard dataverse doi 10 7910 dvn qpuonu hdl 1902 1 19004 cite web missing or empty url help cao zhiyun liu xiaohai 14 december 2012 the introduction of linguistic atlas of chinese dialects papers from the first international conference on asian geolinguistics 141 151 retrieved 7 december 2018 1 2 wu yunji 2011 a synchronic and diachronic study of the grammar of the chinese xiang dialects berlin de gruyter mouton isbn 978 3 11 018366 5 kurpaska maria 2010 chinese languages a look through the prism of the great dictionary of modern chinese dialects berlin de gruyter mouton isbn 978 3 11 021914 2 bao houxing 鲍厚星 chen hui 陈晖 2005 xiāngyǔ de fēnqū gǎo 湘语的分区 稿 the classification of xiang group fāngyán 方言 in chinese 2005 3 261 270 li kang cheng 李康澄 2014 jìn 30 nián húnán hànyǔ fāngyán bǐjiào yánjiū shùpíng 近30年湖南汉语方言比较研究述评 comparative study reviews of chinese dialects in hunan in recent thirty years húnán kējì dàxué xuébào shèhuì kēxué bǎn 湖南科技大学学报 社会科学版 in chinese 17 4 136 143 doi 10 13582 j cnki 1672 7835 2014 04 022 archived from the original on 2018 12 09 retrieved 2018 12 07 chen hui 陈晖 bao houxing 鲍厚星 2007 húnán shěng de hànyǔ fāngyán gǎo 湖南省的汉语方言 稿 fāngyán 方言 in chinese 2007 3 250 259 1 2 3 4 5 wen dan 文丹 2004 húnán níngxiāng yǔ xiāngxiāng biānjiè dōng duàn de fāngyán zhuàngkuàng 湖南宁乡与湘乡边界东段的方言状况 in chinese changsha china hunan normal university archived from the original on 28 november 2018 retrieved 27 november 2018 1 2 3 nakajima motoki 中嶋 幹起 1990 shōhōgen chōsa hōkoku ka saku 湘方言調査報告下冊 report on xiang dialects part 2 in japanese tōkyō tōkyō gaikokugo daigaku ajia afurika gengo bunka kenkyūjo hdl 10108 81503 isbn 4 87297 025 x 1 2 jiang junfeng 2006 a phonological study of xiangxiang dialect phd thesis hunan normal university archived from the original on 2018 12 15 retrieved 2018 12 18 xiàndài hànyǔ cídiǎn 现代汉语词典 in chinese 6th ed beijing shangwu yinshuguan 2012 isbn 978 7 100 08467 3 1 2 chao yuen ren 1968 a grammar of spoken chinese berkeley university of california press isbn 0 520 00219 9 cook richard s jr 2000 on the status of the curly tail alveolo palatal 舌面前 symbols ȶ ȡ ȴ ȵ ɕ ʑ pdf retrieved 3 december 2018 via stedt berkeley edu bibliography edit hunan sheng difangzhi bianzuan weiyuanhui 湖南省地方志编纂委员会 2001 húnán shěngzhì dì èrshíwǔ juǎn fāngyán zhì shàngcè 湖南省志 第二十五卷 方言志 上册 in chinese changsha hunan renmin chubanshe permanent dead link li jialong 李加龙 2017 hànyǔ fāngyán diàochá 汉语方言调查 in chinese beijing shangwu yinshuguan isbn 978 7 100 12869 8 húnán fāngyán zhōng tā zuì nán dǒng bèi chēng wèi húnán de wàiguóhuà 湖南方言中它最难懂 被称为 湖南的外国话 in chinese xiāoxiāng chénbào 3 april 2017 retrieved 11 january 2019 categories edit v t e languages of china official standard chinese varieties of chinese danzhou mandarin northeastern beijing ji lu jiao liao zhongyuan lan yin jin southwestern sichuanese southeastern gan hakka hui mai min southern hokkien teoswa hainanese eastern puxian central northern shaojiang pinghua shaozhou tuhua shanke wu chu qu jiangshan qingtian quzhou oujiang taihu jinxiang northwestern changzhou hangzhou northern zhejiang ningbo shaoxing su jia hu shanghainese suzhou wuxi taizhou taizhou proper wuzhou jinhua xuanzhou xiang new old yue cantonese regional ars sars cantonese hk mc english hk mongolian nm portuguese mc tibetan xz uyghur xj zhuang gx prefecture hmong kam bouyei tujia korean qiang yi kyrgyz kazakh tai nüa tai lü zaiwa lisu bai hani zhuang counties banners numerous indigenous sino tibetan languages lolo burmese mondzish kathu maang manga mango maza mondzi muangphe burmish achang chashan lashi lhao vo pela xiandao zaiwa loloish hanoish akeu akha amu angluo asuo baihong bisu budu bukong cosao duoni duota enu habei hani honi jino kabie kaduo lami laomian laopin mpi muda nuobi nuomei phana piyo qidi sadu sangkong suobi tsukong woni yiche lisoish eka hlersu kua nsi kuamasi laizisi lalo lamu lavu lawu limi lipo lisu lolopo mangdi micha mili sonaga toloza xuzhang yangliu zibusi nisoish alingpo alugu aluo axi azha azhe bokha gepo khlula lope moji muji muzi nasu nisu nuosu phala phola phowa phukha phuma phupa phupha phuza samei sani thopho zokhuo other gokhy katso kucong lahu naruo namuyi naxi nusu samu sanie zauzou qiangic baima choyo ersu guiqiong horpa japhug khroskyabs laze lizu na muya namuyi naxi pumi northern qiang southern qiang shixing situ tshobdun zbu zhaba tibetic amdo baima basum central tibetan choni dao dongwang drugchu groma gserpa khalong khams kyirong ladakhi tseku zhongu zitsadegu other bai caijia derung jingpo longjia nung tujia waxianghua other languages austroasiatic auva avala bit blang bolyu bugan bumang hu kuan mang man met muak sa aak palaung riang u va northern southern wa hmong mien hmongic a hmao bu nao gejia guiyang hm nai hmong hmu huishui kiong nai luobohe mashan pa hng pa na pingtang qo xiong raojia sanqiao sheyu small flowery xixiu younuo mienic biao min dzao min iu mien kim mun mongolic bonan buryat daur eastern yugur kangjia khamnigan monguor oirat ordos santa torgut kra dai zhuang bouyei dai min ningming nong tai dam tai dón tai hongjin tai lü tai nüa tai ya yang yei other ai cham biao buyang cao miao chadong cun gelao hlai jiamao kam lakkja mak maonan mulam naxi yao ong be paha qabiao sui then tungusic evenki manchu nanai oroqen xibe turkic äynu fuyu kyrgyz ili turki salar western yugur other sarikoli indo european tsat austronesian formosan languages austronesian minority kazakh korean kyrgyz russian esperanto tatar tuvan uzbek vietnamese kinh wakhi creole mixed e hezhou lingling macanese maojia qoqmončaq tangwang wutun extinct ba shu jie khitan old yue rouran saka tangut tocharian tuoba tuyuhun xianbei zhangzhung sign chinese sign hong kong sign tibetan sign gx guangxi hk hong kong mc macau nm inner mongolia xj xinjiang xz tibet v t e hunan topics changsha capital general history politics economy geography cities changzhutan yangtze river xiang river miluo river zi river yuan river lishui river wuling mountains xuefeng mountains nanling mountains luoxiao mountains lake dongting education hunan university central south university national university of defense technology hunan normal university xiangtan university culture hunanese people xiang dialect nü shu writing system xiang embroidery huaguxi yuelu academy xiang army miao people tujia people hunan tv cuisine stinky tofu dong an chicken hongshao rou lei cha yongfeng chili sauce general tso s chicken attractions wulingyuan tianmen mountain zhangjiajie national forest park fenghuang county mount heng mount langshan yueyang tower yuelu mountain hunan museum category commons v t e sino tibetan languages sinitic chinese mandarin yue hakka min wu hui gan xiang jin pinghua bai cai long caijia longjia luren tibeto burman bodish tibetan central amdo khams dzongkha ladakhi balti lahuli spiti kyirong kagate sherpa jirel east bodish tshangla basum nam burmo qiangic lolo burmese burmish burmese standard intha danu rakhine tavoyan achang lhao vo lashi zaiwa mondzish loloish qiangic gyalrongic ersuic naic greater magaric magaric magar kham chepangic chepang bhujel raji raute dura tandrange naga ao angami pochuri meitei tangkhulic western naga zeliangrong sal boro garo konyak jingpho luish gongduk ʼole kho bwa puroik tani chamdo tujia nungish karenic gong kathu west himalayish tamangic newaric newar baram thangmi kiranti dhimalish dhimal toto lhokpu lepcha karbi kuki chin miju mruic mru hkongso pyu taman bailang proposed groupings central tibeto burman kuki chin naga macro bai mahakiranti rung tibeto kanauri proto languages proto sino tibetan proto tibeto burman proto loloish proto karenic proto min proto hakka italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches v t e chinese language varieties mandarin beijing lingua franca of modern chinese standard forms standard chinese internal differences old national pronunciation regional accents and varieties guangdong zh majie zh liuzhou zh sichuan taiwan central taiwan zh singapore malaysia zh singapore malaysia kluang zh beijing females zh jingcheng beijing huaicheng chaofeng northeastern changchun harbin shenyang taz jilu tianjin jinan jiaoliao dalian qingdao weihai central plains dongping gangou guanzhong xi an luoyang xuzhou dungan southwestern sichuanese chengdu chongqing minjiang leshan renshou fushun zh zigong kunming nanping wuhan gui liu wuming jianghuai nanjing nantong nanping yangzhou zh lanyin lanzhou dialect zh ürümqi dialect zh other junjia yangyu gyami jin zhangjiakou hohhot zhi yan wu taihu northern sujiahu shanghai urban shanghai shadi suzhou kunshan wuxi tiaoxi huzhou piling changzhou jiangyin linshao shaoxing yongjiang ningbo hangzhou jinxiang taizhou taizhou tiantai oujiang wenzhou rui an wencheng wuzhou jinhua yongkang chu qu quzhou jiangshan qingtian xuanzhou xuancheng hui ji she zh xiu yi zh qi de zh yanzhou zh jing zhan zh gan chang du nanchang yi liu ying yi da tong xiang changyi changsha loushao shuangfeng xiangxiang wugang ji xu yong quan qiyang min eastern houguan zh fuzhou fuqing changle gutian matsu fu ning zh ningde fu an other manjiang zhongshan longdu nanlang pu xian putian xianyou southern hokkien quanzhou zhangzhou amoy chawan taiwan philippines penang medan southern malaysia singapore teochew swatow haklau pontianak other zhongshan sanxiang zhenan longyan leizhou zhanjiang hainan wenchang haikou banqiao inland northern jian ou jianyang central shao jiang hakka huiyang zh changting meixian tingzhou wuhua taiwan sixian hailu raoping pontianak singkawang yue yuehai cantonese hong kong malaysia xiguan jiujiang shiqi weitou dapeng yunfu siyi taishan xinhui goulou yulin bobai yunan other gao yang wu hua yong xun qin lian luo guang pinghua northern pinghua tongdao younian southern pinghua yongjiang guandao rongjiang unclassified tuhua shaozhou xiangnan yeheni danzhou dong shanke waxiang huizhou guangdong mai laobeizi history phonology and grammar history proto sino tibetan old chinese eastern han middle chinese old mandarin middle mandarin proto min proto hakka ba shu gan standard chinese phonology historical old old national cantonese hokkien northern wu mandarin literary and colloquial readings grammar numerals classifiers honorifics cantonese grammar classical grammar idioms chengyu xiehouyu written chinese and input methods literary forms official classical adoption in japan in vietnam vernacular written cantonese written dungan written hokkien written sichuanese scripts logographic script styles oracle bone bronze seal clerical semi cursive cursive chinese characters simplified traditional punctuation braille cantonese mainland chinese taiwanese two cell phonetic romanization gwoyeu romatzyh hanyu pinyin mps ii postal tongyong pinyin wade giles efeo lessing othmer yale cyrillization dungan cyrillic bopomofo cantonese bopomofo taiwanese phonetic symbols taiwanese kana taiwanese hangul xiao erjing nüshu input methods logographic biaoxingma boshiamy zh cangjie simplified ckc dayi stroke count wubi wang ma zhengma q9 pinyin google sogou list of varieties of chinese sinitic languages portals language china retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title xiangxiang_dialect oldid 1335752053 categories xiang chinese languages of hunan subject verb object languages subgroups of the han chinese xiangxiang hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata dialects of languages with iso 639 3 code dialect articles with speakers set to unknown language articles missing glottolog code articles containing simplified chinese language text articles containing chinese language text cs1 errors requires url cs1 uses chinese language script zh cs1 chinese language sources zh pages with plain ipa cs1 uses japanese language script ja cs1 japanese language sources ja all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from july 2025 articles with permanently dead external links this page was last edited on 31 january 2026 at 00 54 utc page was rendered with 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