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pedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 family early life and education 2 career 3 death 4 views toggle views subsection 4 1 inheritance 4 2 betting prizes and gambling 4 3 halal meat 4 4 adoption 4 5 nuclear weapons 4 6 women 4 7 suicide bombing 4 8 2009 iranian election 4 9 forced confessions 4 10 islamic democracy 4 11 ethnic minorities 5 after the death of hossein ali montazeri 6 demotion from religious authority 7 references 8 external links toggle the table of contents yousef saanei 10 languages العربية مصرى deutsch فارسی français עברית bahasa indonesia русский simple english اردو edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikiquote wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia iranian grand ayatollah 1937 2020 yousef saanei يوسف صانعى the late grand ayatollah yousef saanei in his office title grand ayatollah personal life born 16 october 1937 isfahan iran died 12 september 2020 2020 09 12 aged 82 qom iran political party islamic republican party 1980s 1 main interest s politics jurisprudence marja yah and theology relations hassan sane i brother member of the assembly of experts in office 10 december 1982 8 october 1990 preceded by office began succeeded by ahmad khomeini constituency tehran province prosecutor general of iran in office 1983 1985 appointed by ruhollah khomeini preceded by mohammad mehdi rabbani amlashi succeeded by mohammad mousavi khoeiniha website official website religious life religion islam jurisprudence twelver shia creed usuli yousef saanei persian يوسف صانعى 16 october 1937 2 3 12 september 2020 4 was an iranian twelver shi a marja and politician a member of the islamic republic of iran s powerful guardian council from 1980 to 1983 and also attorney general of iran from 1983 to 1985 5 whether he was a marja grand ayatollah was disputed his calls for radical political reform in iran were very controversial and in 2010 the government sponsored qom theological lecturers association jame e modarressin declared him no longer qualified for emulation as a grand ayatollah however many of his followers continued to consider him their marja citation needed and this was acknowledged by several influential maraji such as grand ayatollah ali al sistani naser makarem shirazi abdul karim mousavi ardebili and hossein noori hamedani 6 family early life and education edit saanei was born in the persian month of aban 1318 sh and in the month of shaban 1458 ah in the semi desert farming village of yingabad now nikabad 60 km 37 mi southwest of isfahan 7 he was the third of four children a fifth child died in infancy of hujjud al islam mohammed ali saanei 1892 1974 and his wife sharbonoo 1899 1947 8 his father despite having lost his own father at the age of six and being partially sighted rose from untrained village mullah to study in hawza in his thirties going on to serve his community for fifty years mohammad ali s father hajjmulla yousef yingabadi 1867 1899 was an isfahan trained cleric known for his strong sense of social justice and was active in the isfahan area activities of ayatollah shirazi s tobacco movement in the early 1890s 9 at age six he began his education at the local maktab later studying at home with his father after the latter noticed his intellect studying the quran and other basic texts of the period 10 shortly before his tenth birthday in the autumn of 1947 together with his father and brother hassan who also became a cleric and political official he left for hawza in isfahan studying at that city s kasseh garan madrassa his father later returned to nikabad 11 in isfahan his most noted teacher was the historian allamah mirza mohammed ali habib abadi 1890 1976 12 13 saanei completed his preliminary studies the equivalent of secondary school in 1951 whereupon he went to qom to continue his studies 14 1955 saw saanei place well in the first level examinations equivalent to a bachelor s degree thus awarded the commendation of grand ayatollah borujerdi 5 while at qom he was a student of the leading theologians of his day among them mohammad mohaghegh damad abbas ali shahroudi mohammad ali araki and borujerdi himself for about a year his most lasting education came from the seven years he spent being taught by khomeini until the latter s exile in 1964 15 at the age of 22 he was granted the degree of ijtihad allowing him to formulate religious judgements for his own use 16 in september 1964 ayatollah saanei married khanum shafiei d 2012 and has two sons and a daughter one son fakruddin saeed is also a cleric with the honorific of hujjud al islam 17 career edit he taught regularly in the hawza of qom beginning in the 1950s in 1975 saanei became a teacher at the haghani school of divinity 5 later he became grand ayatollah 5 in 1980 he was appointed chairman of the guardian council 5 saanei retired from the council in 1983 and has not held any political office since according to the cbs globalpost saanei has been considered the successor of grand ayatollah hussein ali montazeri and as the spiritual leader of the iranian political opposition movement 18 after the urging of many students and scholars saanei published his risalah in 1993 thus becoming a marja or source of imitation on matters of religious law to others 19 death edit ayatollah saanei fell at his qom home on the night of 10 september fracturing his pelvis and arm due to preexisting conditions he suffered from diabetes related kidney problems as well as cirrhosis of the liver he died during dialysis treatment before surgery could be safely performed to repair his injuries 20 21 he died shortly after the time of fajr prayer on 12 september 2020 due to covid 19 pandemic precautions no public funeral was held the ayatollah was buried in sheikhan cemetery located near fatima masumeh shrine in qom 22 he was survived by his three children tributes were paid to him from many parts of the clerical establishment and wider society including the supreme leader ayatollah khemanei and the society of seminary teachers of qom 23 24 views edit inheritance edit he held in the area of inheritance that a non muslim can inherit from a muslim just as a muslim can inherit from a non muslim 25 an illegitimate child inherits from and through both his natural parents but they cannot inherit from him a widow is entitled in addition to a share of her deceased husband s movable property to the monetary value in the same proportion of the real estate if the widow is the only heir she inherits all of her husband s property not just the share specified in the quran betting prizes and gambling edit betting by spectators and participants in sports and contests is permissible 26 government sponsored and private lotteries and raffles are allowed provided the proceeds go to a charitable purpose even if the player s intent was to win a prize and not motivated by the charitable donation 27 the use of gambling tools arcade games or board games for entertainment purposes is allowed 27 prizes in academic competition are permissible 27 any type of game or contest where the organizer owner can collect all the participants money and use it to enrich themselves is unlawful gambling 27 playing with gambling tools such as cards or backgammon with the intent of gambling is unlawful 27 halal meat edit the person performing halal slaughter may be a non muslim and it is sufficient to invoke the name of god and a blessing in any language at the commencement of the slaughter 28 if halal meat is unavailable it is permissible to eat non halal meat if doing so will relieve hardship 27 adoption edit the foster parent of an adopted child should treat the child in all respects as their own including the mother not having to observe hijab around a male child however this does not extend to inheritance absent the permission of the quranic heirs 29 nuclear weapons edit in an interview with the san francisco chronicle grand ayatollah yousef saanei said there is complete consensus on this issue it is self evident in islam that it is prohibited to have nuclear bombs it is eternal law because the basic function of these weapons is to kill innocent people this cannot be reversed 30 ayatollah yousef saanei said clerical authorities have quietly expressed opposition to the development of weapons of mass destruction for many years and he described it as the reason that iran never retaliated with chemical weapons when saddam hussein used them to kill iranian troops and iran backed kurds during the 1980 88 iran iraq war you cannot deliberately kill innocent people he said women edit he has declared that women have equal status in islam saanei held that a woman can lead a man in prayer although a man leading is mustahab like zohreh sefati he believed that women can even become a marja in islam i e that men and women can follow a female islamic jurists ijtihad suicide bombing edit he is particularly noteworthy for issuing a fatwa in which he declared suicide bombing as haram and a terrorist act 31 2009 iranian election edit during the 2009 iranian election protests rumours arose that he had issued a religious edict proclaiming that mr ahmedinejad was not the president and that it is forbidden to cooperate with his government these rumours were reported as such by several internet news agencies 32 33 34 forced confessions edit he is reported to have said during a 12 august speech at gorgan that confession in prison and detention has not been and is not valid all persons who have somehow been involved in issuing these confessions are sharing same sin they will receive the retribution of their perfidious acts in this world and in a fair righteous court 35 islamic democracy edit saanei was an outspoken islamic democracy activist and has even called for the discussion of the clerical control of the iranian government citation needed he held that the velayat e faqih should have the support of the people i e be elected 36 ethnic minorities edit having studied in clerical schools in qom iraq and tabriz saanei was raised fluent in the persian arabic and azerbaijani languages citation needed after the death of hossein ali montazeri edit according to one report saanei was likely to replace hossein ali montazeri as the leading clerical opponent of the regime and to be even more aggressive saanei declared the government illegitimate and warned that it cannot reverse the situation in the country with terror killing torture and imprisonment 37 a day after the funeral procession of montazeri around 1 000 members of iran s basij militia and plainclothes men attacked offices of saanei in the central shrine city of qom a reformist website reported on 22 december 2009 the plainclothes militiamen broke the windows of saanei s office and insulted him and his staff and also beat up his staff citation needed they also put up posters of iran s supreme leader ali khamenei who has been a staunch defender of hardline president mahmoud ahmadinejad s controversial june re election and who ordered a post election crackdown on opposition protests police sided with the militia and prevented saanei s supporters from defending his office the website said there was no immediate official comment however earlier on tuesday the semi official fars news agency said pro government theology students had staged a rally in qom to protest the insult against sanctifies during montazeri s funeral procession the demonstration ended outside saanei s home fars said but it was not clear whether it was linked to the attack on saanei s house reported by the aforementioned reformist website the demonstrators chanted the city of qom is no city for hypocrites and signed a statement calling for saanei to be defrocked fars reported one of the signatories cleric ahmad panahian said the trenches of the hypocrites in qom must be destroyed 38 39 on 3 october 2010 news sites linked with iran s political opposition movement reported that saanei s website was blocked according to the new york times internet users who attempted to access them were automatically redirected to a standard iranian government filtering page which offers links to government authorized web sites and the official web site of iran s supreme leader ayatollah ali khamenei 40 demotion from religious authority edit on 2 january 2010 a top clerical body in qom the society of seminary teachers of qom declared that saanei no longer qualified to be a marja al taqlid or a source of emulation the highest clerical rank in shia islam citation needed the body said that it had launched a yearlong investigation into the qualifications of saanei in response to repetitive inquiries on the issue in a statement bearing the signature of ayatollah mohammad yazdi the former head of iran s judiciary the body announced that the result of the investigation indicate that saanei is not eligible to be a marja citation needed conservatives and traditionalists condemned this move by ayatollah mohammad yazdi of hoze modaresin to disqualify ayatollah saanei as a marja questioned the authority of the government sanctioned and subsidised association and pointed out that even ayatollah sistani is not even listed by them as such 41 42 references edit ervand abrahamian 1989 radical islam the iranian mojahedin i b tauris p 45 isbn 9781850430773 آیت الله یوسف صانعی کیست مسئولیت ها و آثار عکس 12 september 2020 روزشمارى انقلاب اسلامى حوزه هنرى 1997 isbn 978 964 471 442 9 یوسف صانعی از روحانیون منتقد حکومت ایران درگذشت euronews 12 september 2020 1 2 3 4 5 joint crisis supreme defense council of iran 1980 pdf harvard model united nations archived from the original pdf on 5 october 2013 retrieved 14 february 2013 asriran com faqih newanedash faqih newanedash saanei yousef discourse of life archived from the original on 26 february 2013 faqih newanedash in persian faqih newanedash ayatollah yousef saanei s life story in persian mirza mohammad ali muhammad habib abadi in persian 6 december 2023 dead link former members biography of ayatollah yousef saanei in persian society of seminary teachers of qom archived from the original on 9 july 2018 retrieved 9 july 2018 faqih newanedash in persian democracy yearbook 1394 appendix to the journal of democracy dialogue with ayatullah sanei from the memoirs of the revolution to the new jurisprudential comments in persian faqih newanedash cbsnews com iran unrest could boil over january 16 anniversary of the fall of the shah could spark next round of demonstrations 5 jan...