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a zamboanga region vintas of zamboanga anthem our eden land location in the philippines interactive map of zamboanga peninsula coordinates 7 50 n 122 25 e 7 83 n 122 42 e 7 83 122 42 country philippines island group mindanao regional center pagadian largest city zamboanga city area total 17 056 73 km 2 6 585 64 sq mi highest elevation mount pinukis 1 532 m 5 026 ft population 2024 census 1 total 3 943 837 density 231 2188 km 2 598 8540 sq mi households 895 899 demonym s zamboangueño samboanganon divisions provinces 4 sulu zamboanga del norte zamboanga del sur zamboanga sibugay independent cities 1 zamboanga city component cities 4 dapitan dipolog isabela city pagadian municipalities 86 barangays 2 314 districts 10 economy poverty incidence 9 8 2025 2 gdp total us 10 2 billion 3 gdp per capita us 2 525 3 hdi 2023 0 683 4 medium 16th of 17 time zone utc 8 pst psgc 090000000 iso 3166 code ph 09 electorate 2 869 368 voters 2025 languages cebuano chavacano maguindanaon sama subanon tagalog tausug yakan english spanish zamboanga peninsula cebuano lawis sa zamboanga chavacano spanish península de zamboanga filipino tangway ng zamboanga designated as region ix is an administrative region in mindanao philippines it consists of the provinces of sulu zamboanga del norte zamboanga sibugay and zamboanga del sur and the cities of isabela and zamboanga the region was previously known as western mindanao pagadian serves as the regional center while zamboanga city is the region s commercial and industrial center 5 etymology edit the name of zamboanga is the hispanicized spelling of the sinama term for mooring place samboangan also spelled sambuangan and in subanen sembwangan from the root word samboang mooring pole samboangan was the original name of zamboanga city from where the name of the peninsula is derived from 6 samboangan is well attested in spanish 7 british 8 9 french 10 11 german 12 and american 13 historical records from as far back as the 17th century 7 this is commonly contested by folk etymologies which instead attribute the name of zamboanga to the indonesian word jambangan claimed to mean place of flowers but actually means pot or bowl usually with claims that all ethnic groups in zamboanga were malays however this name has never been attested in any historical records prior to the 1960s 14 history edit ancient era edit during the ancient era the zamboanga peninsula was a vast territory home to various ethnic groups the largest of which was the subanen people later the southern coastal areas of the region came under the influence of the javanese majapahit empire though it was never formally conquered a view of pagadian as seen in september 2010 a view of downtown dipolog as seen in october 2019 a view of downtown zamboanga at night in may 2023 rajahnate of sanmalan edit the 11th century chinese song dynasty records also mention a polity named sanmalan 三麻蘭 from mindanao which has a name similar to zamboanga and has been tentatively identified with it by some authors wang 2008 huang 1980 sanmalan is said to be led by a rajah chülan his ambassador ali bakti and that of butuan s likan hsieh is recorded to have visited the chinese imperial court with gifts and trade goods in ad 1011 however the correlation between zamboanga and sanmalan is based only on their similar sounding names sanmalan is only mentioned in conjunction with butuan p u tuan and it is unknown if sanmalan is indeed zamboanga the historian william henry scott 1989 also posits the possibility that sanmalan instead referred to a polity of the sama bajau samal people 15 16 during the 13th century the tausūg people began migrating to the zamboanga peninsula and the sulu archipelago from their homelands in northeastern mindanao they became the dominant ethnic group in the archipelago after they were islamized in the 14th century and established the sultanate of sulu in the 15th century a majority of the yakan the balanguingui and the sama bajau were also islamized though most of the subanen remained animist with the exception of the kolibugan subgroup in southwestern zamboanga 17 18 19 sultanate of maguindanao era edit in the 14th century the sultanate of sulu ruled the southwestern sections of the peninsula by the late 15th century and early 16th century malay missionaries further spread islam in the southern philippines sharif kabungsuwan a johore born missionary of malay and arab descent established the sultanate of maguindanao which the entire island of mindanao is named after the sultanate also occupied the entire island except present day caraga region stretching from the zamboanga peninsula to davao oriental while the sultanate of sulu lost its territories in zamboanga maguindanao s sultans provided mindanao fierce armed resistance against the spanish occupation especially under the lead of muhammad kudarat they soon allied themselves with the sulu sultanate the muslim natives of the region were collectively known as moros by the spanish meaning moor though the iberian moors and the philippine muslims had little cultural connection outside of following islam a large chunk of the spanish moro conflict the war between the spanish and mindanao s muslim natives took place in the zamboanga peninsula spanish rule edit 1862 map of the zamboanga peninsula depicting the kingdom of sibuguey in 1569 zamboanga was chosen as the site of the spanish settlement and garrison on la caldera now called barrio recodo zamboanga was one of the main strongholds in mindanao supporting colonizing efforts in the south of the island and making way for christian settlements it also served as a military outpost protecting the island against foreign invaders and moro pirates and their chinese allies the province named and centered on zamboanga city was partly founded by peruvian soldiers brought by sebastián hurtado de corcuera 20 the zamboanga peninsula played a central role in the spanish moro conflict it was the site of constant battling between spanish soldiers and moro pirate raids while the spanish successfully established churches in the region they suffered heavily at the hands of moro raiders and had to repeatedly withdraw from the region while the spanish achieved a tactical victory by launching several attacks against the sultanate of sulu constant fighting and attacks persisted giving the moros a psychological victory province of zamboanga edit after the united states annexed the spanish east indies in 1898 the peninsula hosted a briefly independent state called the republic of zamboanga it was incorporated by the insular government into the moro province which consisted of the central and western parts of mindanao and the sulu archipelago the name and status of moro province were changed to the department of mindanao and sulu on august 16 1916 causing zamboanga to become a separate province in 1942 the zamboanga peninsula along with the rest of the philippine islands was occupied by the empire of japan at the beginning of the second world war the peninsula was liberated in 1945 by joint american and philippine commonwealth forces fighting against the imperial japanese army on june 6 1952 the province was partitioned into zamboanga del norte and zamboanga del sur while the chartered city of zamboanga became part of zamboanga del sur region edit together with the sulu archipelago the provinces that formerly made up zamboanga province were re organised into region ix by order of presidential decree no 1 as part of the integrated reorganization plan of president ferdinand marcos that was signed on september 24 1972 21 from 1975 to 1989 the old region ix western mindanao was further divided into two sub regions by presidential decree no 8233 dated august 21 1975 22 sub region ix a consisted of basilan sulu and tawi tawi with jolo sulu as the sub regional center while sub region ix b consisted of the provinces of zamboanga del norte zamboanga del sur and zamboanga sibugay with the chartered city of zamboanga city as the sub regional centre present edit in 2001 zamboanga sibugay was created from the province of zamboanga del sur with ipil as the seat of government with the virtue of republic act no 8973 in the same year the residents of basilan opted to join the autonomous region in muslim mindanao armm in a plebiscite however the citizens of the capital isabela did not want to join so the city remained a part of this region as a result of executive order no 36 isabela also opted out of inclusion to the bangsamoro region during the 2019 plebiscite after a 2024 ruling which invalidated sulu s inclusion to the bangsamoro region the commission on elections en banc proposed of the province s re admission to the zamboanga peninsula the region it belonged prior to its inclusion in the armm back in 1989 23 24 25 sulu reverted to zamboanga peninsula by virtue of executive order no 91 signed by president bongbong marcos on july 30 2025 26 regional center issue edit in 1978 presidential decree no 1555 transferred region ix s regional center from jolo sulu to zamboanga city 27 executive order eo no 429 was issued in 1990 by president corazon aquino which provided for the reorganization of the administrative regions in mindanao it declared that western mindanao would comprise zamboanga city lanao del norte misamis occidental zamboanga del sur zamboanga del norte basilan and the cities comprising those provinces it also declared that pagadian shall serve as the new regional center 5 in 1996 president fidel ramos issued eo no 325 which reorganized the regional development councils the implementing rules and regulations of eo no 325 provided that zamboanga city is the regional center of western mindanao 28 in 2001 president gloria macapagal arroyo signed eo no 36 which reorganized and renamed western mindanao to zamboanga peninsula it was silent on the issue of regional government centers 28 29 in 2004 memorandum circular mc no 75 directed the transfer of regional offices from zamboanga city to pagadian citing eo no 429 as its legal basis however it provided that the regional offices of the departments of trade and industry tourism and labor and employment will remain in zamboanga city but shall establish a presence in pagadian 30 on december 22 2010 mc no 11 was issued imposing a moratorium on the transfer of regional offices to pagadian the circular cited the high economic and social costs that the employees were experiencing in maintaining two residences and in fully transferring to pagadian it further directed all regional offices that are already in pagadian to continue their operations 31 on june 30 2020 mc no 78 was issued repealing mc no 11 and lifting the moratorium on the transfer of the remaining regional offices to pagadian the circular affirmed that pagadian is the regional government center while zamboanga city is the commercial and industrial center of region ix 32 on april 19 2023 under mc no 18 another moratorium was imposed on the transfer of regional offices to pagadian pending further study of its implications the regional offices that are already in pagadian shall continue to operate thereat 33 geography edit the region is located on the western part of the island of mindanao that lies between the moro gulf part of the celebes sea and the sulu sea along the shores of the peninsula are numerous bays and islands of varying sizes the peninsula is connected to the rest of mindanao through an isthmus situated between panguil bay and pagadian bay the region surrounds the province of misamis occidental on the northeastern corner of the geographic peninsula though it is part of northern mindanao administrative divisions edit provinces edit zamboanga peninsula comprises four provinces one highly urbanized city four component cities 86 municipalities and 2 314 barangays province or city capital population 2020 34 area 35 density cities muni barangay km 2 sq mi km 2 sq mi sulu jolo 20 5 1 000 108 1 600 40 617 92 620 1 600 0 19 410 zamboanga del norte dipolog city 21 5 1 047 455 7 300 11 2 818 59 140 360 2 25 691 zamboanga del sur pagadian city 21 5 1 050 668 4 484 21 1 731 36 230 600 1 26 681 zamboanga sibugay ipil 13 7 669 840 3 481 28 1 344 13 180 470 0 16 389 zamboanga city 20 0 977 234 1 414 70 546 22 690 1 800 1 98 isabela city 2 7 130 379 233 73 90 24 560 1 500 1 45 total 4 875 684 18 504 43 7 144 60 260 670 5 86 2 314 zamboanga city is a highly urbanized city figures are excluded from zamboanga del sur figures include the component city of isabela which is under the administrative jurisdiction of the region governors and vice governors edit province image governor political party vice governor sulu abdusakur a tan ii lakas abdusakur m tan zamboanga del norte darel dexter t uy lakas julius c napigquit zamboanga del sur divina grace c yu lakas roseller ariosa zamboanga sibugay dulce ann k hofer pfp richard d olegario cities edit dapitan is one of the two cities of zamboanga del norte known as the shrine city in the philippines this was where josé rizal the national hero of the country was exiled 36 it is also known for the old st james parish and the beach resort of dakak dipolog capital of zamboanga del norte is known for their abundance of orchids thus it is called orchid city of the south or orchid city they have their nature spots and historical spots such as dipolog cathedral dipolog boulevard cogon park japanese park plaza magsaysay the sungkilaw falls and the 3 003 steps to linabo peak isabela is a component city of the province of basilan until 2017 it was the capital of the said province since then basilan s government was moved to lamitan isabela continues to be under the jurisdiction of basilan for the administration of provincially devolved services and functions but for regional and statistics purposes the city is part of zamboanga peninsula in contrast to the rest of basilan which is under barmm named after queen isabella ii isabela was the southernmost outpost of the spanish empire in the philippines until the fall of jolo in 1878 it hosted a spanish fort later destroyed in world war ii since 1848 and was the primary naval base of the spanish in mindanao until 1899 the city serves as an entry point for trade and commerce of basilan island 37 pagadian is the capital of zamboanga del sur as well as the region s administrative center the city is known as the little hong kong of the south because of its topographical feature that is reminiscent of hong kong it also has an affluent chinese community that officially celebrates the chinese lunar new year 38 zamboanga city is the only highly urbanized city in the region geographically located at the southwestern tip of the peninsula the city continues to be the economic and industrial center of the region generating more than half of its economy the city is the lone member of bimp eaga in the zamboanga peninsula it also has the largest airport and seaport and the city in the region with most investors zamboanga ci...