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description=Exploring Big Tech s role in fueling fossil fuel expansion through AI and cloud tech; advocating for transparency, accountability, and real climate solutions.;

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emissions campaign hold big tech accountable today 0 skip to content enabled emissions campaign home how it works documented examples what can be done research open menu close menu enabled emissions campaign home how it works documented examples what can be done research open menu close menu home how it works documented examples what can be done research building governance for ai enabled fossil fuel expansion ai is helping oil and gas companies find produce and deliver more fossil fuels sustaining the economic viability of the fossil fuel industry and undermining global transition efforts read the peer reviewed paper see documented examples enabled emissions are the additional greenhouse gases released when advanced technologies ai iot and high performance cloud computing make fossil fuel production economically viable by extending the life of existing fields and shale basins ai helps lock in the infrastructure and investment that keep emissions high for decades beyond datacenters the distinction addressing the plant does not address what it produces a safer weapons plant does not reduce the violence from the weapons cleaner datacenters do not reduce the emissions of ai for fossil fuel production peer reviewed research npj climate action nature portfolio journal august 2026 ai s fossil fuel applications enable more emissions than its renewables applications avoid conventional assessments of ai s climate impact focus on datacenter energy demand ai optimized renewables and demand side efficiency but largely omit ai s effect on the economics of fossil fuel supply this study models that pathway alongside the others in a single global energy economy framework quantifying both the emissions enabled by fossil fuel productivity gains and the emissions avoided by renewables productivity gains modeled annual co emissions from ai by adoption level datacenter operations shown for reference only source iea net effect assumes parallel adoption across sectors from alpine et al npj climate action 2026 0 47 1 8 gt net increase in global co emissions each year 1 2 4 8 of 2024 energy related emissions 3 3 13 3 times larger the emissions enabled by ai s fossil fuel applications are than current datacenter emissions 4 5 how much larger ai s renewables gains must be than its fossil fuel gains just to break even authors will alpine nathan geldner holly alpine and maksym g chepeliev purdue university read the paper plain language summary covered in financial times wall street journal the guardian wired axios fast company heated climate change news desmog sierra inside climate news ai is reshaping the economics of fossil fuel supply across exploration extraction refining and logistics ai applications are lowering costs and sustaining the economic viability of otherwise marginal resources digital technologies can increase technically recoverable oil and gas resources by around 5 globally iea 2017 ai powered analysis identifies 470 billion to over 1 trillion additional barrels of recoverable oil in existing fields wood mackenzie 2025 goldman sachs ai could cut the cost of a new shale well by 30 and lift recoverable u s shale reserves by 8 20 equivalent to 10 30 billion additional barrels reuters 2024 in the permian ai helped push break even oil prices from over 90 barrel in 2012 to roughly 40 today barron s 2024 at ceraweek 2025 oil majors reported ai is enabling faster drilling and broader resource access bp cut seismic analysis timelines by up to 85 devon energy reports a 25 improvement in well productive life reuters 2025 ai holds potential to extend the shale era argus media 2024 a single microsoft exxon permian contract may enable 3 4 million tonnes of additional co annually green web foundation 2025 global ai software spending in the oil and gas market is forecast to increase 24 3 in 2024 to 1 5 billion and reach 2 9 billion by 2027 gartner 2024 big tech helps big oil pump more belying climate pledges by helping prolong the fossil fuel age bloomberg 2022 azure s ai services are automating drilling optimizing reservoir simulation and with openai integration opening new frontiers in fossil fuel exploration and production microsoft engineer linkedin 2023 a microsoft engineer sent to kazakhstan to help boost tengiz field output from 600 000 to 1 million barrels per day former microsoft engineer logicmag 2019 greenpeace s 2020 oil in the cloud was the first major mapping of cloud providers role in fossil fuel digitalization greenpeace report 2020 microsoft s 2019 partnership with exxonmobil was announced as a tool to boost permian production by up to 50 000 barrels per day microsoft news center 2019 exxon subsidiary depends on microsoft azure to maximize oil extraction across thousands of new wells and build dozens of new facilities exxonmobil 2021 halliburton and microsoft collaborate for more efficient oil and gas production bringing more fossil fuels to market microsoft 2017 amazon web services aws is helping oil and gas companies to enhance exploration and increase production aws for energy and utilities 2024 google cloud s partnership with saudi aramco includes services applied to oil and gas operations the intercept 2023 chevron is leveraging microsoft s ai to improve extraction rates increasing fossil fuels produced chevron 2017 bp migrated its operations to aws citing efficiency gains across exploration and production vice the digital drill how big oil is using ai to speed up fossil fuel extraction global witness amazon web services aws could be making 9 6 billion annually from the oil and gas industry alone about 10 of aws revenue amazon unsustainability report 2024 92 of oil and gas companies are either currently investing in ai or plan to in the next two years ey survey 2023 some of the world s richest oil and gas companies are using ai to accelerate fossil fuel extraction global witness 2023 nvidia promotes ai for brazilian oil and gas on eve of cop30 desmog totalenergies forms ai partnership with french startup mistral reuters one of tech s cleanest companies autodesk is making tools for coal mines and oil drills bloomberg how it works documented examples we re working to align technological progress with climate science research building the quantitative evidence base and identifying governance gaps advocacy advancing smart policies market design governance and incentives mobilization building the cross sector constituency this issue currently lacks our work paper ai s fossil fuel applications outweigh its climate benefits new peer reviewed research finds that ai s fossil fuel applications enable more emissions than its renewable energy applications avoid a net increase of 0 47 to 1 8 gigatonnes of co annually published in npj climate action a nature portfolio journal npj climate action 2026 ai built to tackle climate change deployed by the fossil fuel industry a former microsoft product manager examines the role of ai in the energy sector and the broader questions it raises about how technology companies choose to deploy their tools heated 2025 microsoft shareholder resolution on ai and fossil fuel risks filed with as you sow the resolution called to transparently assess and disclose the risks of providing ai services for fossil fuel production will alpine presented to microsoft s board securing nearly 10 shareholder support at the 2024 agm microsoft agm 2024 when climate commitments and commercial contracts collide the atlantic on the tension between corporate climate commitments and ai services in fossil fuel production atlantic 2024 i loved my job at microsoft but resigned on principle here s why holly alpine on the hard decision to leave microsoft to focus on ai s role in fossil fuel expansion fortune 2024 time to quantify the real cost of the technology sector s fossil fuel enabling holly and will s letter to the editor in the financial times calling for greater transparency financial times 2025 inside the push to hold microsoft to its climate promises inside the multi year employee effort to align microsoft s ai services with its public climate commitments grist 2024 we re wrong about ai three things will got wrong working on ai and sustainability at microsoft and what he learned about why governance not just better tools is what closes the gap ignite 2024 sxsw london panel truth telling and accountability in tech on what it takes to surface accountability concerns in eras of eroding institutional protections sxsw 2025 enabled emissions podcasts repository of podcasts with holly and will speaking about the enabled emissions topic listen to the podcasts ai could help decarbonize the grid it s already helping find more oil two former microsoft employees have turned their frustration into an awareness campaign to build climate science aligned technology governance guardrails heatmap 2025 how ai is reshaping fossil fuel production economics from inside the tech sector what we learned about ai and energy canadian national observer 2025 leadership holly and will alpine are leaders in responsible ai and sustainability with 14 years of combined experience at microsoft during a four year internal advocacy effort they mobilized thousands of colleagues convened forums engaged senior leadership and authored influential memos efforts that contributed to the launch of microsoft s energy principles in 2024 recognizing the limits of internal advocacy and the need for systemic climate reform they left to launch the enabled emissions campaign and advance broader research and governance work across the sector holly alpine co founder and director holly is a recognized sustainability leader with a decade of experience at microsoft where she founded and led both the company s global community environmental sustainability program as well as the employee engagement program supporting 10 000 employees across 36 global chapters holly is on the board of directors for american forests and zero waste washington and is an active plant based mountain athlete will alpine co founder and advisor will is a product leader working at the intersection of technology policy and climate at microsoft he led the development of responsible ai platform features co founded green software engineering initiatives like the open source carbon aware sdk and co authored microsoft s accelerating sustainability with ai playbook outside of work he finds inspiration in nature exploring the rugged landscapes of the pacific northwest endorsements we need to consider not just ai s direct environmental impacts but also its indirect enabled emissions its continued use in fossil fuel expansion poses a systemic threat to climate goals we need urgent accountability sasha luccioni ai climate lead hugging face featured on time ai 100 2024 and bbc 100 women 2024 holly and will have spotlighted the critical and largely unaddressed role of advanced technologies in enabling fossil fuel production their strategic approach sets a powerful example for the climate movement bill weihl founder and chief strategic advisor at climatevoice former director of sustainability at facebook google if corporations say they care about climate change they have to care about it in every area not just where convenient deploying ai to develop fossil fuels undermines the credibility and progress of big tech auden schendler svp sustainability aspen one author of terrible beauty reckoning with climate complicity and rediscovering our soul nov 2024 corporate climate pledges mean little without action to stop high carbon activities employees have proven their power to push for change we now need policies that hold companies accountable for the harm they enable deborah mcnamara executive director climatevoice their work with the enabled emissions campaign has revealed the central role tech companies play in extending the fossil fuel era over the ten years i ve worked alongside them i ve watched them produce results few others could drew wilkinson founder of climate leadership collective longtime supporter of the campaign our allies faq what are enabled emissions enabled emissions are the additional greenhouse gas emissions that occur when advanced technologies like ai iot and cloud computing make fossil fuel extraction and production economically or technically feasible these emissions don t appear in tech companies carbon footprints but they re real and potentially massive what guardrails exist currently none no national or international policy currently regulates the use of ai cloud or iot in high carbon sectors like oil and gas ️ how is this related to datacenter impacts it is related but separate the biggest climate risk from ai isn t its energy use it s how it s used while ai driven demand is pushing data center electricity consumption higher about 1 5 of global electricity in 2024 projected to reach nearly 3 by 2030 the emissions impact is still relatively small compared to fossil fuels which drive over 90 of global co emissions we are focused on how ai is used to expand fossil fuel production locking in long term emissions ️ isn t ai also helping the climate ai driven gains in renewables and efficiency are real and important but our modeling shows they re insufficient on their own to offset gains in fossil productivity both pathways need to be addressed together as the iea puts it avoided emissions from digital technologies are not on track to materialise without regulatory and other interventions won t ai induced efficiency lower emissions only with guardrails jevons paradox shows that improving efficiency can lead to increased overall resource use without regulation tech driven efficiency in oil and gas often leads to more drilling not less what carbon accounting scope does this fall under enabled emissions aren t currently captured in corporate climate reports tech companies aren t accountable for how their tools are used and current scope 3 rules don t cover the downstream impacts of technology what does success look like policy wins are essential for example the eu ai act could be expanded to classify fossil fuel enabling ai as high risk ️ don t oil gas companies have net zero commitments yes but most are vague or misleading without enforceable standards or interim targets they re virtually meaningless carbon tracker 2023 the iigcc standard is promising but voluntary how is cloud market share for fossil fuel digitalization distributed the latest data of cloud market share by fossil fuel digitalization contracts shows microsoft 57 amazon web services 17 google cloud 13 others 13 collaborate with us join us as an ally supporter or partner reach out support us your support drives systemic change donate subscribe now sign up for infrequent campaign updates the enabled emissions campaign is a proud fiscally sponsored project of the oil gas action network an irs recognized 501 c 3 charitable organization email us contact enabledemissions com terms and conditions privacy 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