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dunnett s t3 tests were applied for non normally distributed groups all analyses were performed with a 95 confidence interval and a significance level of p 0 05 bağdatli s yön ertuğ n d the effect of abamectin exposure on gametogenesis in zebrafish sci rep 15 9038 2025 https doi org 10 1038 s41598 025 93638 6 the induced hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity in oreochromis niloticus exposed to a newly released florpyrauxifen benzyl herbicide the investigation of the toxic potential of a newly introduced herbicide florpyrauxifen benzyl fpx on nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus was the aim of this study for 96 h the median lethal concentration lc50 was assessed in fish juveniles using the probit analysis following the exposure to five concentrations of fpx 2 3 ppm for investigating some mechanisms of fpx toxicity fish were allocated into three groups 0 0 27 and 0 54 ppm of fpx and the cut off intervals of the exposure were at 7 and 15 days liver malondialdehyde mda and reduced glutathione gsh levels were assessed in addition superoxide dismutase sod and catalase cat were evaluated at both of transcriptional and enzymatic activity levels histopathological effects on the liver and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities enas were monitored too the 96h lc50 was found to be 2 61 ppm revealing the toxic potential of the fpx on nile tilapia concentrations of fpx induced oxidative stress in fish by altering activities of antioxidant enzymes and their transcripts the genotoxic effect of fpx was evidenced by a significant p 0 05 increase in micronuclei mns and ena frequencies significant liver histopathological alterations were observed at both fpx concentrations with the highest effects at a concentration of 0 54 ppm fpx results suggest that fpx may exert oxidative genotoxic and histopathological effects on non targeted species such as nile tilapia if it is used improperly although fish could be used as an indicator for toxic materials in the aquatic habitat future studies on other organisms fpx concentrations or durations are recommended nabet n et al 2025 the induced hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity in oreochromis niloticus exposed to a newly released florpyrauxifen benzyl herbicide ecotoxicology available at https link springer com article 10 1007 s10646 025 02864 1 the potential endocrine disrupting of fluorinated pesticides and molecular mechanism of edps in cell models environmental endocrine disruptors constitute a category of exogenous compounds that interfere with the endocrine system s functions in organisms or cells as a class of particularly representative endocrine disrupting chemicals the accumulation of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances potentially leads to adverse health effects including hormonal disruptions developmental issues and cancer however the classification of these disruptors is intricate and the data on their potential health risks is scattered the research into fluorinated pesticides is somewhat superficial with the majority of review articles in this field focusing on the structural characteristics biodegradation processes and environmental risks associated with these pesticides in this study we compared and investigated the research development processes of seven types of fluorine containing pesticides and five types of fluorinated endocrine disruptors the varying toxic effects of these endocrine disruptors are highly dependent on exposure conditions their actions are complex affecting behavioral substances throughout the organism and monitoring some complex biological phenotypes sex or age specific effects and behavioral learning poses significant challenges the findings will serve as a reference for future studies on the toxicity of pesticides to humans and other organisms liu y et al 2025 the potential endocrine disrupting of fluorinated pesticides and molecular mechanism of edps in cell models ecotoxicology and environmental safety available at https www sciencedirect com science article pii s0147651324016919 tiny molecules big concerns ultrashort chain pfas on the regulatory radar in the past 75 years fluorinated contaminants in aquatic dietary and environmental media have become associated with growing scientific and public health concerns among those per and polyfluoroalkyl substances pfas have been intensively studied resulting in a plethora of knowledge on their persistence bioaccumulation and toxicity profile within the class of the fluorinated contaminants trifluoroacetic acid tfa is the most consistently and commonly detected substance in environmental monitoring maerten a et al 2025 tiny molecules big concerns ultrashort chain pfas on the regulatory radar archives of toxicology available at https link springer com article 10 1007 s00204 025 04126 9 2 4 d based herbicide underdoses cause mortality malformations and nuclear abnormalities in physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles amphibians are considered bioindicators of the environment due to their high sensitivity and involvement in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the last two decades 2 4 d has been one of the most widely used herbicides in brazil and around the world as its use has been authorized for genetically modified crops and therefore has been detected in surface and groundwater against this background the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of 2 4 d based herbicides on survival malformations swimming activity presence of micronuclei and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities in physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles the amphibians were exposed to six concentrations of 2 4 d based herbicides 0 0 4 0 30 0 52 5 75 0 and 100 μg l 1 for 168 h at concentrations higher than 52 5 μg l 1 significantly increased mortality was observed from 24 h after exposure at the highest concentration 100 μg l 1 the occurrence of mouth and intestinal malformations was also observed the occurrence of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities at concentrations of 30 0 52 5 75 0 and 100 μg l 1 and the presence of micronuclei at concentrations of 52 5 75 0 and 100 μg l 1 were also recorded these effects of 2 4 d in p cuvieri indicate that the ecological risk observed at concentrations above 10 35 μg l 1 2 4 d may represent a threat to the health and survival of this species i e exposure to 2 4 d at concentrations already detected in surface waters in the species range is toxic to p cuvieri santos g d rutkoski c f folador a skovronski v j müller c pompermaier a hartmann p a hartmann m 2024 2 4 d based herbicide underdoses cause mortality malformations and nuclear abnormalities in physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles comparative biochemistry and physiology toxicology pharmacology cbp 277 109840 https doi org 10 1016 j cbpc 2024 109840 acute toxicity study of d trans allethrin and d phenothrin to zebrafish danio rerio and its human relevance in malaysia insecticide spray is widely used in a household environment and most consumers are not aware of its exposure effects as evidence by reported insecticide intoxication cases involving hospitalisation and fatality cases suggested insufficient studies on insecticide usage and its exposure effects commonly insecticide constitutes of type 1 pyrethroids with allethrin and d phenothrin featured prominently in most insecticide products hence the acute toxicity study of allethrin and d phenothrin mixture which represents the insecticide consumer product was conducted to provide data on insecticide consumer product toxicological information adult zebrafish were randomly selected and exposed to the insecticide mixture the clinical sign of toxicosis and mortality rate of the zebrafish were observed in 96 h period the toxicosis characteristics of the zebrafish during the study were documented and interpreted using the oecd tg203 and the mortalities were computed and analysed using statistical package spss version 28 based on the lc50 obtained the hed and mtd were calculated the insecticide exposed zebrafish exhibits changes in their locomotion and respiration the lc50 values for d trans allethrin and d phenothrin were 0 80 and 0 51 μg l with hed were 0 003 and 0 002 μg kg and the mtd were 0 18 and 0 12 μg kg respectively the finding indicates insecticide toxicity effects were observed in the zebrafish model considering the toxicity effects levels insecticide required and extrapolated mtd data there is a legitimate risk exposure for humans when these substances were extensively used daily in the home environment hamid alif muhammad hussin lee siew pien nik hassan nik f lokman isa 2024 acute toxicity study of d trans allethrin and d phenothrin to zebrafish danio rerio and its human relevance community practitioner the journal of the community practitioners health visitors association 21 243 250 adverse effects of fenpropathrin on the intestine of common carp cyprinus carpio l and the mechanism involved fenpropathrin fen a pyrethroid pesticide is frequently detected in natural water bodies unavoidable pose adverse effects to aquatic organisms however the harmful effects and potential mechanisms of fen on aquatic species are poorly understood in this study common carp were treatment with fen at 0 45 and 1 35 μg l for 14 d and the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of fen on the intestine of carp were revealed rna seq results showed that fen exposure cause a wide range of transcriptional alterations in the intestine and the differentially expressed genes were mainly enrichment in the pathways related to immune and metabolism specifically fen exposure induced pathological damage and altered submicroscopic structure of the intestine elevated the levels of bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin altered the contents of claudin 1 occludin and zonula occluden 1 zo 1 and causing injury to the intestinal barrier in addition inflammation related index tnf α in the serum and il 6 in the intestinal tissues were generally increased after fen exposure moreover fen exposure promoted an increase in reactive oxygen species ros altered the levels of superoxide dismutase sod catalase cat and glutathione gsh upregulated the contents of malondialdehyde mda in the intestines the apoptosis related parameter cytochrome c caspase 9 and caspase 3 were significantly altered indicating that inflammation reaction oxidative stress and apoptosis may be involved in the toxic mechanism of fen on carp moreover fen treatment also altered the intestinal flora community significantly which may affect the intestinal normal physiological function and thus affect the growth of fish overall the present study help to clarify the intestinal reaction mechanisms after fen treatment and provide a basis for the risk assessment of fen xiu wenyao et al adverse effects of fenpropathrin on the intestine of common carp cyprinus carpio l and the mechanism involved pesticide biochemistry and physiology vol 199 2024 105799 doi 10 1016 j pestbp 2024 105799 assessing ecological responses of exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide lambda cyhalothrin in sub tropical freshwater ecosystems pyrethroid insecticides are widely detected in aquatic ecosystems due to their extensive use in agriculture and horticulture which could pose a potential risk to aquatic non target organisms while previous ecotoxicological studies have been conducted mainly with standard tests and local species under temperate conditions scarce information is available on the effects of pyrethroid insecticides on communities and ecosystems under sub tropical conditions a single application of lambda cyhalothrin at concentrations of 0 9 30 and 100 ng l was evaluated in outdoor mesocosms under sub tropical conditions lambda cyhalothrin was found to dissipate rapidly in the water column with only 11 and 7 of the remaining dose measured at 1 and 3 days after application respectively lambda cyhalothrin concentrations disappeared considerably faster from the water compartment compared to temperate conditions consistent decreases in abundance were observed for lecane lunaris at the medium and higher treatments noec 9 ng l and at the highest treatment noec 30 ng l for keratella tropica on the contrary two taxa belonging to cladocera i e ceriodaphnia sp and diaphanosoma sp showed the most prominent increase in abundance related to the lambda cyhalothrin treatments at the community level a consistent no observed effect concentrations noecs of 9 ng l could be calculated for the zooplankton community a marginal significant overall treatment related effect was observed for the macroinvertebrate community the results of species sensitivity distribution ssd analysis based on results of acute toxicity experiments conducted alongside the mesocosm experiment and obtained from the literature indicated that macroinvertebrates from temperate regions may be generally more sensitive than their counterparts in sub tropical regions overall these findings suggest that environmentally relevant concentrations of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda cyhalothrin may lead to different ecological outcomes in freshwater ecosystems in the sub tropics relative to temperate regions yao k s van de perre d lei h j bai h zhou p l ying g g van den brink p j 2024 assessing ecological responses of exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide lambda cyhalothrin in sub tropical freshwater ecosystems the science of the total environment 952 176022 https doi org 10 1016 j scitotenv 2024 176022 assessing pesticide residues occurrence and risks in water systems a pan european and argentina perspective freshwater ecosystems face a particularly high risk of biodiversity loss compared to marine and terrestrial systems the use of pesticides in agricultural fields is recognized as a relevant stressor for freshwater environments exerting a negative impact worldwide on the overall status and health of the freshwater communities in the present work part of the horizon 2020 funded sprint project the occurrence of 193 pesticide residues was investigated in 64 small water bodies of distinct typology creeks streams channels ditches rivers lakes ponds and reservoirs located in regions with high agricultural activity in 10 european countries and in argentina mixtures of pesticide residues were detected in all water bodies 20 median 8 40 min max total pesticide levels found ranged between 6 89 and 5860 ng l highlighting herbicides as the dominant type of pesticides glyphosate was the compound with the highest median concentration followed by 2 4 d and mcpa and in a lower degree by dimethomorph fluopicolide prothioconazole and metolachlor s argentina was the site with the highest total pesticide concentration in water bodies followed by the netherlands portugal and france one or more pesticides exceeded the threshold values established in the european water framework directive for surface water in 9 out of 11 case study sites css and the total pesticide concentration surpassed the reference value of 500 ng l in 8 css although only 5 bifenthrin dieldrin fipronil sulfone perm...