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delegates did not go and then 16 delegates walked out of what would later be called the us constitutional convention only 39 of 74 men 52 7 stayed to the end and participated in the discussion and writing of the 2nd us constitution of 1787 1789 many great men did not attend thomas jefferson patrick henry thomas paine john adams john jay and george mason among others did not go how come so many important men did not go to such an important event well it seems that many were like patrick henry who did not go because he smelled a rat patrick henry s words not mine most of the people who stayed were either foreign moles or delegates from the 3 under populated southern states these 3 southern states had less than 7 of the nation s free population and they were about to suffer a big financial hit from a legislative tide against slavery in the land of the free so these were people that would accept any bargain to save slavery there can be no doubt that these men led by alexander hamilton and james madison exceeded their authority in drafting an entirely new constitution a 2nd constitution for the 13 independent states this new constitution narrowed the old democracy of over 2 000 legislators into one of 65 representatives 26 senators and 1 four year monarch our current constitution was written to restrain our freedoms 1 it narrowed the u s democracy from over 2 000 legislators into one of 65 representatives 26 senators and 1 four year monarch 2 it allows for an oligarchy of 50 people in the house of representatives one for each state 3 its authors tried to get it ratified without a national bill of rights 4 it permitted slavery in the land of the free 5 it counts slaves in the calculation of representation 6 we use a republic that is substantially is run by a 4 year elected monarch and his appointees this monarch s vetos can only be overridden with a 2 1 vote in both legislatures ben franklin and george washington we read in the federalist papers that benjamin franklin then age 81 is on record as saying practically nothing and convention chair george washington contributed not one idea until the last day of the convention when he made a vague speech of encouragement thus benjamin franklin and george washington had practically no input in drafting the constitution a new constitution was needed basically under its 1st constitution the 13 united state legislatures had 2 000 lawmakers organized as a meta democracy a democracy of 13 sub democracies here in the congress of 13 state legislatures if 7 states voted one way it was considered a majority however due to the inherent problems of meta democracy for decision making i e a majority in 7 of 13 states could be had with as little as 26 9 of the popular vote the government of the 13 united states only worked well on the state level on the inter state level it was simply too wobbly it was too easy to pass legislation and then to cancel it in fact in the years leading up to 1789 we hear that many laws were passed and then repealed right after they were passed this in turn led to many of the inter state laws being ignored for some time to see if they would actually be left to stand for enforcement this then lead to everyone ignoring the government when they did not want to do what they were told to do like in for example paying national taxes the 2nd u s constitution was created to help enslave not liberate that the 2nd u s constitution would become the prototype for all modern democracies this was probably obvious to many at the time democracy transformed to oligarchy america s legislatures are 483x and 2 083x narrower today under the 1st us constitution the confusingly named articles of confederation the us had a representation ratio of around 1 1 200 today the house of representatives has a representation ratio of 1 580 000 and our senate a representation ration of 1 2 5 million so one of our legislatures is 483 times narrower and the other 2 083 times narrower today cassius dio reign of augustus 53 17 through this process the power of both the people and the senate was entirely transferred into the hands of augustus and it was at this time that a monarchy to use the correct term was established it would certainly be most truthful to describe it as a monarchy even if two or three men held supreme power at the same time it is true that the romans hated the actual word monarch so vehemently that they did not refer to their emperors either as dictators or kings or anything similar but since the final decision in the government process is referred to them it is impossible that they should be anything other than kings where the people will not accept lifetime monarchy they can be given temporary kings called by another name then the enemies of freedom eternally struggle or jihad to expand the powers of those kings the truth has a ring to it anti federalist papers the minority report of the pennsylvania delegates to the us constitutional convention 1787 12 18 it was in 1783 that the want lack of an efficient federal government was first complained of and that the powers vested in the congress of the 13 states were found to be inadequate to the procuring of the benefits that should result from the union of the 13 states the impost a congressional tax on states was granted by most of the states but many refused the requests for s upplementary funds extra money the annual automatic requisitions were set at nought zero by some of the states these would vote each year how much to contribute to the cause of the states united while others complied with them by legislative acts but were tardy in their payments and congress found themselves incapable of complying with their engagements promises to pay and supporting the federal government thus the government of the united 13 states thus couldn t pay for its obligations it was found that our national character was sinking in the opinion of foreign nations the media also says this about the us today the congress of 13 states could make treaties of commerce but not enforce the observance of them we were suffering from the restrictions of foreign nations who had shackled our commerce while we were unable to retaliate and all now agreed that it would be advantageous to the union to enlarge the powers of congress that they should be enabled in the amplest manner to regulate commerce and to lay and collect duties on the imports throughout the united states with this view a convention was first proposed by virginia and finally recommended by congress for the different states to appoint deputies mere deputies with limited powers to meet in convention for the purposes of revising and amending the present articles of confederation so as to make them adequate to the exigencies urgent needs of the union this recommendation the legislatures of twelve states complied with so hastily as not to consult their constituents on the subject and though the different legislatures had no authority from their constituents for the purpose they probably apprehended the necessity would justify the measure and none of them extended their ideas at that time further than revising and amending the present articles of confederation pennsylvania by the act appointing deputies and it expressly confined their powers to this object ive and though it is probable that some of the members of the assembly of this state had at that time in contemplation to annihilate the present confederation as well as the constitution of pennsylvania yet the plan was not sufficiently matured to communicate it to the public important text of the speech seems to be missing here the continental convention met in the city of philadelphia at the time appointed it was composed of some men of excellent characters and of others who were more remarkable for their ambi tion willingness to go either way and cunning than their patriotism and some who had been opponents to the independence of the united states the delegates from pennsylvania were six of them uniform and decided opponents to the 1st constitution of this commonwealth of 13 independent states the convention sat upwards of four months the doors were kept shut and the members brought under the most solemn engagements of secrecy some of those who opposed their going so far beyond their powers retired hopeless from the convention others had the firmness to refuse signing the plan altogether and many who did sign it did it not as a system they wholly approved but as the best that could be then obtained and notwithstanding the time spent on this subject it is agreed on all hands to be a work of haste and accommodation whilst the gilded chains were forging being forged in side the secret conclave the meaner instruments of despotism without outside were busily employed in alarming the fears of the people with dangers which did not exist and exciting their hopes of greater advantages from the expected plan than even the best government on earth could produce more text missing we entered on the examination of the proposed system of government the 2nd us constitution and found it to be such as we could not adopt without as we conceived surrendering up your dearest rights we offered our objections to the convention and opposed those parts of the plan which in our opinion would be injurious to you in the best manner we were able and closed our arguments by offering the following propositions to the convention most of which are in the us bill of rights during the discussion we met with many insults and some personal abuse we were not even treated with decency during the sitting of the convention by the persons in the gallery of the house however we flatter ourselves that in contending for the preservation of those invaluable rights you have thought proper to commit to our charge we acted with a spirit becoming free men and being desirous that you might know the principles which actuated caused our conduct and being prohibited from inserting our reasons of dissent on the minutes of the convention we have subjoined added them at the end them for your consideration they are missing today as to you alone we are accountable it remains with you whether you will think these inestimable privileges which you have so ably contended for during the revolutionary war should be sacrificed at the shrine of despotism or whether you mean to contend for them with the same spirit that has so often baffled the attempts of an aristocratic faction to rivet the shackles of slavery on you and your unborn posterity this is also known as the address and reasons of dissent of the minority of the convention of pennsylvania to their constituents 1787 12 18 what american style democracy really is it is a democracy designed to maximize the power of the figurehead monarch president and his appointees and minimize the power of the democratic legislature anti federalist papers alexander hamilton the farmer refuted the sacred rights of mankind are not to be rummaged for among old parchments or musty records they are written as with a sun beam in the while volume of human nature by the hand of the divinity itself and can never be erased or obscured by mortal power translation there s no need to study history and read about the failures of those that have gone before you in truth these rights are not at all obvious and they can easily be obscured by a poor democratic design viz the 2nd us constitution of 1789 alexander hamilton was as many americans know the arch federalist the man who lead the charge to narrow america s prototype democracy abraham lincoln 1861 07 04 our popular government has often been called an experiment us style democracy seems to be particularly broken these days maybe it is time we all give up on the current experiment in 4 year kings and narrow democracy maybe it is time to institute an incorruptible broad democracy anti federalist papers letters from the federal farmer 1787 10 08 a general convention for mere commercial purposes was moved for the authors of this measure saw that the people s attention was turned solely to the amendment of the federal system and that had the idea of a total change been stated probably no state would have appointed members to the convention the idea of destroying ultimately the state government and forming one consolidated system could not have been admitted a convention therefore merely for vesting in congress powers to regulate trade was proposed this was pleasing to the commercial towns and the landed people had little or no concern about it in september 1786 a few men from the middle states met at annapolis and hastily proposed a convention to be held in may 1787 for the purpose generally of amending the confederation this was done before the delegates of massachusetts and of the other states arrived still not a word was said about destroying the old constitution and making a new one the states were still unsuspecting and not aware that they were passing the rubicon appointed members to the new convention for the sole and express purpose of revising and amending the confederation and probably not one man in 10 000 in the united states till within these past 10 or 12 days had an idea that the old ship was to be destroyed and a new ship presented the states i believe universally supposed the convention would report alterations in the confederation which would pass an examination in the congress of the 13 independent state legislatures and after being agreed to there would be confirmed by all the legislatures or be rejected virginia made a very respectable appointment and placed at the head of it the first man in america george washington who chaired the constitutional convention in this appointment there was a mixture of political characters but pennsylvania appointed principally those men who are esteemed regarded as aristocratical here the favorite moment for changing the government was evidently discerned by a few men who seized it with address skill or dexterity anti federalist papers john dawson s fears for the future 1788 06 24 sir an opinion is gone abroad circulating from whence where it originated or by whom it is supported i will not venture to say that the opponents of the paper on your table are enemies of the union it may not therefore be improper for me to declare that i am a warm friend to a firm federal federation of independent states energetic government that i consider a confederation of the states on republican principles as a security to their mutual interest and a disunion as injurious to the whole but i shall lament exceedingly when a confederation of independent states shall be converted into a consolidated government for when that event shall happen i shall consider the history of american liberty as short as it has been brilliant and we shall afford on more proof to the favorite maxim of tyrants that mankind cannot govern themselves anti federalist papers john dewitt 1787 11 5 knowing the danger of frequent ...