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astrophes now that s a tall order jh in some sense it s already occurred the hop stunt viroid has the potential for making hop farming extremely difficult both here in or as well as wa and id furthermore the potential advent of hop powdery mildew races that are male and female as opposed to either male or female and capable of mixing up genes from several races in the pacific northwest may make breeding hop lines resistant to powdery mildew extremely challenging what this means is that new races of powdery mildew can arise quickly and overcome current plant resistance in hops found in such lines as nugget or newport currently i m working on identifying molecular markers that will aid in selection for experimental lines that are resistant to both powdery and downy mildews once identified these markers will help speed up the selection process as well as increase the accuracy of selection i work closely with dr david gent usda ars plant pathologist in screening new breeding material for experimental lines that are resistant or highly tolerant to both pathogens this is time consuming labor intensive and expensive doing things the old fashioned way inoculate with the disease and visually chose resistant lines we ve had some success in developing new experimental lines that appear to have better resistance packages than currently grown varieties these lines are working their way through the breeding cycle which can take upwards of 10 years before public release rgw thanks john you ve got a full plate naturally i m worried that hop research is being underfunded i ll take a look at the public funding of table and wine grapes as an analogue to hops my cursory research shows that the usda ars budget for grapes has actually been increasing over the past few years and is now up to over 15 million with 2 millon dedicated to grape breeding and genetics alone as we discussed in the last blog the total usda ars budget for hops is around 750 000 with only a fraction of that available for actual programmatic research i think it s time to apply political pressure a hearty collection of diseases could wipe out entire crops and we haven t even talked about pests to keep up with an ever changing battery of pests and diseases we need a strong federal hops research program and the last thing this industry needs is a concentration of breeding growing and processing muscle in one place wine grapes for example are grown in dozens of states and the usda allocates funding to research facilities in 7 states more to come rgw may 18 2012 footnote 1 hop research council members include two craft brewers boston beer and sierra nevada and industrials such as anheuser busch inbev heineken and miller coors the hrc hop dealers include hopunion haas steiner and yakima chief footnote 2 john annen is the chair of the oregon hop commission which was created in 1964 to protect serve and enhance the oregon hop industry as well as a hop grower and owner of annen farms posted by indie hopsters at 4 46 am 5 comments labels dr john henning hop research council mt raineer newport perle public vs private breeding teamaker usda germplasm repository willamette thursday may 10 2012 the usda ars hop research program a modest proposal for creating a sustainable funding loop check out hops from the national clonal germplasm repository in corvallis oregon part 1 of a 2 part series public funding of hop breeding and cultivar development is hardly a political priority the budget for the usda ars hop breeding program has remained frozen since 2000 at a scant 750 000 per year of that when you factor in inflation mandated program cutbacks cost of living adjustments maintenance and other costs the amount of money actually available to perform research is a paltry 25 30 000 per year the mission however remains the same since the 1960s the goal of the usda ars hop program has been to develop hop germplasm and cultivars that incorporate superior pest and disease resistance increased yields and enhanced brewing characteristics that s a mighty big challenge on any budget let alone one that is radically shrinking with no hope in sight for a fresh infusion of new public money from a tea party inspired congress that is hell bent on dismantling basic scientific research assuming that the public even has a compelling interest in nurturing the us hop industry we think of course that it does the question arises if we can t count on federal money and private money is becoming more scarce what can we do to rebuild our once robust usda ars hop breeding program how can we insure a sustainable funding stream it s time to think creatively let s break it down there are at least four major players 1 the usda ars which creates the germplasm 2 the farmers who grow and test the new hop lines 3 the brewers who analyze the experimental lines for desirable characteristics and 4 the private breeders whose goal is to obtain patents on new hop varieties license their patents to select growers and maximize profit under the current model the usda ars partners up with trustworthy farmers to grow out it s germ lines right now the usda has about 40 000 seedlings from about 50 crosses to save money the usda distributes those plants for testing among growers in oregon and washington the farmers costs are generally reimbursed by the oregon hop commission and the hop research council instead of cash private growers and brewers at least in theory are asked to pony up in kind support under this model the usda at least on paper maintains control of the experimental lines their legal vehicle for doing that is a material transfer agreement basically a contract between the usda and the farmer the mta is an interesting document on the one hand it smartly restricts the grower from transferring the new lines to third parties and from disclosing data from the testing parenthetically there is no budget or staffing for monitoring inspection or enforcement on the other hand the mta acknowledges that new hop lines conceivably could be transferred or shared with third parties i e private breeders if the farmer negotiated a written deal with the usda hmmm this is a new program only a few years old so we don t yet have an instance we know about in which a farmer either directly or through a proxy sought to commercial exploit a publically owned experimental hop line could it happen possibly will it happen maybe so when it does happen how is the public s interest going to be protected here s where we need to think about the same mechanisms the federal government uses to extract royalties from oil timber cattle and pharmaceutical companies the idea is for the usda to negotiate a royalty fee whenever a private breeder intends to market sell license or otherwise own a new culitvar that s the direct result of the usda program think about it the future of public hop funding is bleak in the past 12 years we ve released two varieties newport in 2002 and mt raineer in 2008 meanwhile private breeders have been churning out the big bread winners such as citra and simcoe i m not saying that the breeders behind either of those homers had it s snout in the public trough they bred great hops took a big risk invested a lot of time and money and won in the marketplace they should be rewarded but what about the future new and valuable cultivars will emerge from the present usda private farmer partnership in my view in order to build a sustainable funding loop the usda can and should negotiate a co ownership interest that reflects the value of its contribution moreover it can and should negotiate terms that will bind the private co owner to license the hop with growers according to fair and transparent criteria how much money could this type of model generate i m just spitballing here but the numbers look meaningful take a look at the 2011 us harvest about 65 million pounds of hops of that about 14 6 million were proprietary hops not counting summit amarillo and a few others or about 22 of all hops grown if and this is a big if those proprietary hops emerged from publically owned hop germplasm and or were the result of some measure of public funding and the average price per pound was set hypothetically at 5 00 lb and we applied only a nominal 5 royalty then the usda would be looking at revenue of over 3 5 million per year that s almost 5 times more than the entire current budget look i don t know nothing about nothing but it seems to me that the people should get a return on their investment and in turn that financial return can and should be reinvested in a fortified basic and applied hop research budget the us consumer s appetite for new hops is growing the demand is there and so is the treasure now it s up to the usda to assert itself as a major stakeholder and get back at least some of what we give rgw may 10 2012 p s and by the way in terms of the public s interest don t forget that we ve barely scratched the surface on the neutraceutical and cancer fighting potential of humulus lupulus posted by indie hopsters at 1 12 pm 1 comment labels citra hop breeding hop research council indie hops mt raineer oregon state proprietary hops public vs private breeding simcoe summit friday april 27 2012 meridian featured in the 2012 craft brewers conference symposium ale yippee the buzz is building meridian has crossed the oregon border our friends down in san diego at karl strauss have just bottled up a hop bomb exploding with flavor to welcome the thousands of brewers who will celebrate all things crafty at the 2012 craft brewers conference this bad boy tongue in cheekily monikered as a ho hum san diego pale ale which is sort of like calling an mx missile a bottle rocket comes in at a burly 10 2 abv and 95 ibu welcome to san diego where it ain t beer if it doesn t sprout a fully loaded hop vine a few months ago we sent a brewers cut of meridian to paul segura the master brewer at karl strauss he took one whiff and spontaneously uttered whilst the eye lids fluttered we have got to dry hop our symposium ale with this beauty and he did along with his righteously motivated brethren within the san diego brewers guild this afternoon chris cramer karl strauss preternaturally cheerful ceo ordered me to get down here now and taste this beauty words like floral aromatic incredible tropical fruity and unique burst forth like fireworks exploding on the fourth of july we can t wait to see our little darling perform on the big stage to be sure all glory to our friends in yakima who furnished the columbus and citra for this ruthlessly hopped special release indie hops is overjoyed to have provided the crystal and meridian a funny sidenote the press release on the san diego pale ale on the beer spot blog identifies our contribution as columbia this my friends is an honest and totally understandable mistake we thought it was columbia too until we did a whole lotta digging testing evalutating measuring and musing here s a picture of the symposium double ipa wolf in sheep s clothing and here s a picture of the commemorative poster including indie hops the little engine that could note that the hops logo the circle with the cultivars columbus citra crystal also misidentifies our meridian as columbia honest mistake nobody s perfect let s toast to the glory of hops malt water yeast and tlc make sure to stop by our booth jim matt and i may be short on most of our 2011 inventory but our 2012 harvest is only months away we appreciate your support and friendship rgw 4 27 12 note photos courtesy of http www thebeerspot com news article 2012 04 karl strauss s 2012 craft brewers conference symposium ale posted by indie hopsters at 5 13 pm no comments labels columbia columbus crystal karl strauss meridian thursday march 22 2012 columbia debut delayed as meridian steals the show the story of the discovery of a new oregon hop oh dear remember columbia the sexy sister to willamette unceremoniously banished years ago to the basement of hop history remember how we gleefully announced that we had resurrected this beauty that we d be the first to grow it commercially and that our craft friends couldn t wait to set her free separate d at birth indeed we originally reported that the hop on the left was columbia and the one on the right was it s sister willamette turns out our columbia was actually a new plant which we ve coronated as meridian well we grew her and dried baled and pelleted her but a funny thing happened on columbia s walk down the red carpet since nobody had ever dated her before we didn t quite know what to expect we suspected she d be a beauty with a slightly higher alpha than her floral sister but this gal quite simply dazzled us beyond our wildest dreams one by one we brought in some of the finest snouts in the land to give her a rub and sniff it was fun to watch we d fill a table with several fresh varieties and our guest would do the dance concentrating hard earnestly associating the aroma with descriptors without exception they d take a whiff of the unlabeled columbia pile and stop in their tracks arrested if you will by the stunning uniqueness we began hearing words like meyer lemon pie fruit punch unique and wow the evidence began piling up when we harvested her the drying room at goschie farms bloomed with a strikingly unique and pleasant aroma we suspected she d be different than willamette but this different something was off in a good way we sent her off for a chemistry profile more and more brewers who sniffed her were amazed at her uniquely fruity aroma could it be we waited the results came back per the literature we expected columbia s alpha beta ratio to come in at 2 1 but at 1 1 5 this spunky girl flipped the ratio she wasn t just a shade different she was looking like a brand spanking new leaf what s in a name that which we call a columbia by any other name say hmmm meridian would smell as sweet with apologies to bill shakespeare we ran more chemistry it became evident that she was not columbia but what was she the only pedigree that came close was glacier but a defining characteristic for glacier is her super low cohumulone at 12 compare that to the mystery girl s coh at 45 they didn t match we ran through all the databases looking for a match the conclusion was inescapable nothing matched we had found a new hop a strikingly beautiful new hop that packed a powerfully unique new aroma we called our customers who had ordered columbia and with a mixture of excitement and trepidation explained that what we thought was columbia wasn t columbia thankfully our customers shared our enthusiasm for this new find and offered congratulations suddenly we had a million things to do we had printed up a bunch of t shirts that showcased the debut of columbia the famously forgotten sister we had to hold on to those we had to delay putting in new acreage until we could learn more about the agronomy and disease pest resistance of the new plant and we had to give our mystery ...