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implementation challenges of the law on the reduction of taʿzir imprisonment within the judicial system legal studies in digital age skip to main content skip to main navigation menu skip to site footer open menu legal studies in digital age home in press current submissions article processing charges editorial team archives about about the journal peer review process crossmark policy publication ethics aims and scope privacy statement contact search register login home archives vol 5 no 3 2026 serial number 16 articles implementation challenges of the law on the reduction of taʿzir imprisonment within the judicial system authors seyed hamid reza hosseini department of law cha c islamic azad university chalus iran author https orcid org 0000 0001 7180 6894 hosein gholami doon department of law am c islamic azad university amol iran https orcid org 0009 0009 1963 3557 mahdi esmaeili department of law te c islamic azad university tehran iran author https orcid org 0000 0002 9367 5618 abbas tadayyon department of law te c islamic azad university tehran iran author https orcid org 0009 0000 0712 5832 doi https doi org 10 61838 jpmbh 327 keywords taʿzir crimes reduction of imprisonment criminal policy reform judicial implementation penal moderation iranian criminal law abstract the law on the reduction of taʿzir imprisonment represents a major legislative effort to reform iran s criminal justice policy by limiting reliance on custodial sanctions and promoting penal moderation despite its normative significance the effectiveness of this law depends largely on how it is implemented within the judicial institutional and socio cultural context of the criminal justice system this narrative review article employing a descriptive analytical method examines the principal challenges that have emerged in the course of implementing the law in judicial practice the study analyzes these challenges across four interconnected dimensions normative and legislative issues judicial practice institutional and administrative capacity and socio legal and cultural dynamics the findings indicate that ambiguities in legislative drafting inconsistencies with pre existing criminal statutes and the absence of clear sentencing guidelines have limited interpretive clarity and legal certainty at the judicial level divergent interpretations resistance to non custodial sanctions and procedural constraints such as heavy caseloads have contributed to uneven application of the reform institutionally training deficits weak supervisory mechanisms limited coordination with executive bodies and challenges in prison administration and post sentence management have further constrained effective implementation at the socio legal level public perceptions of penal leniency limited victim participation inadequate restorative mechanisms and persistent fears of recidivism have affected social acceptance and judicial confidence in reduced imprisonment policies the article concludes that while the law reflects an important shift toward proportionality and rational punishment its transformative potential can only be realized through coherent legislative refinement strengthened institutional infrastructure enhanced judicial training and broader social engagement addressing these challenges is essential for translating penal moderation from a formal legislative objective into an operational and socially legitimate criminal justice practice authors seyed hamid reza hosseini department of law cha c islamic azad university chalus iran hosein gholami doon corresponding author department of law am c islamic azad university amol iran mahdi esmaeili department of law te c islamic azad university tehran iran abbas tadayyon department of law te c islamic azad university tehran iran references abolhasani s alipour h 2021 a study of electronic monitoring systems in the 2013 islamic penal code with a look at the 2020 law on reduction of imprisonment sentences the second international conference on jurisprudence law psychology and educational sciences in iran and the islamic world iran alavi s h 2018 a study of alternative punishments to imprisonment in the islamic penal system and the criminal code of afghanistan biannual legal critique journal 7 14 ali nasab r bani na eimeh i 2022 a sociological analysis of the law on reducing discretionary imprisonment sentences with emphasis on criminal rulings in 2020 social development quarterly formerly human development 16 4 161 180 alizadeh h nikkhah saranaghi r javadi m seyyed isfahani h 2022 the dream of depenalization of imprisonment to the aspects of deterrence and non punishment in light of the 2020 law reducing the discretionary prison sentence criminal law and criminology research 10 eimani m farhood n taheri nasab s y 2022 imprisonment and de imprisonment in islamic jurisprudence and iranian law foundations of islamic law 30 ferasat j 2025 quick reader of the law on reducing discretionary imprisonment sentences mashahir e danesh publishing gerami h 2023 islamic penal code comparison and application with the law on reducing discretionary imprisonment sentences approved 2020 ganj e danesh ghamsari r dehkani m 2024 increase in compoundable crimes in light of the law on reducing discretionary imprisonment sentences the 10th international and national conference on management accounting and law studies gholami a aghaei midi h 2013 objectives of implementing hudud and tazir in the words of jurists and mechanisms for resolving their conflicts journal of ahlul bayt jurisprudence 75 76 224 goldouzian i 2022 essentials of general criminal law aligned with new curricula revised based on the islamic penal code 2013 and the law on reducing discretionary imprisonment sentences 2020 mizan publishing imani m farhoud n taheri nasab s y 2022 imprisonment and alternatives to imprisonment in islamic jurisprudence and iranian law foundations of islamic jurisprudence and law 30 karizaki m 2020 islamic penal code tazir and the bill for the protection of privacy islamic sciences research and studies journal 19 87 110 koushki g zandi r 2023 practical challenges of the law on reducing discretionary imprisonment sentences in judicial practice with emphasis on fraud and theft criminal law research quarterly 12 45 121 152 mir khalili s m 2014 levels of tazir journal of jurisprudential research 10 4 677 706 noorpour m ahmadi m 2012 new alternatives to imprisonment in the new draft islamic penal code vakil e modafe journal 2 6 17 33 nouri m r 2022 criminal and administrative liability of registry and real estate violations under the new law of reduced imprisonment for ta zir crimes islamic azad university damghan branch saeedi abueshaghi m bahmanpoury a jokar s m 2024 a comparative evaluation of imprisonment in modern criminal law and imami jurisprudence islamic law research journal 63 downloads pdf publication timeline published 2026 05 01 submitted 2025 08 05 revised 2025 12 22 accepted 2025 12 29 issue vol 5 no 3 2026 serial number 16 section articles license copyright c 2025 seyed hamid reza hosseini author hosein gholami doon mahdi esmaeili abbas tadayyon author this work is licensed under a creative commons attribution noncommercial 4 0 international license how to cite hosseini s h r gholami doon h esmaeili m tadayyon a 2026 implementation challenges of the law on the reduction of taʿzir imprisonment within the judicial system legal studies in digital age 5 3 1 16 https doi org 10 61838 jpmbh 327 more citation formats acm acs apa abnt chicago harvard ieee mla turabian vancouver ama download citation endnote zotero mendeley ris bibtex abstract xml abstract xml most read articles by the same author s mohammad ismail ammar abbas tadayyon mahdi esmaeili ontology of crimes against administrative integrity in iran s islamic penal bill with reference to afghan criminal law legal studies in digital age vol 5 no 2 2026 serial number 15 mohammad karim amirzoy mahdi esmaeili abbas 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2026 serial number 14 hamid valehi mohammad reza elahimanesh rajab goldoust jouybari iran s criminal policy regarding judicial supervision orders legal studies in digital age in press 1 10 of 358 next you may also start an advanced similarity search for this article e issn 3115 7130 director in charge dr edalat zeinali editor in chief dr seyed mehdi jokar owner institute of thought and cognition itc publisher itc contact email admin jlsda com open access yes peer review yes article processing charge 100 publication frequency bimonthly keywords information table number of volumes 3 number of issues 9 acceptance rate 29 language english journal archive in press issue volume 5 2026 issue 3 issue 2 issue 1 volume 4 2025 issue 4 issue 3 issue 2 issue 1 volume 3 2024 issue 4 issue 3 issue 2 issue 1 volume 2 2023 issue 4 issue 3 issue 2 issue 1 volume 1 2022 issue 1 average time from submission until internal review 1 weeks review 4 weeks final decision 6 weeks production 9 weeks indexing 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