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rkmanager applet nm applet doesn t show itself in the taskbar of the enlightenment desktop and as the saying goes what you can t see you can t control read more labels internet networking how to configure a network interface card in linux march 02 2012 posted by ravi this guide explains how to configure a network interface card in linux if you are using a modern linux distribution chances are your network card will be detected automatically and configured for dhcp however there may be instances where you are forced to configure your network interface card manually this guide explains the step by step process to configure a network interface card in fedora linux read more labels fedora networking cheat sheet for networking professionals october 21 2009 posted by ravi free download of a collection of cheet sheets for computer networking professionals all the cheat sheets are in pdf and are beautifully made the cheat sheets are segregated into different categories such as protocols bgp eigrp first hop redundancy ieee 802 11 wlan ieee 802 1x ipsec ipv4 multicast ipv6 is is ospf spanning tree applications tcpdump wireshark display filters reference ios ipv4 access lists ipv4 subnetting common ports syntax markdown mediawiki technologies frame mode mpls qos vlans miscellaneous cisco ios versions physical terminations read more labels cheat sheet networking a new way to look at networking may 09 2007 posted by ravi 0 comments v an jacobson is a research fellow at parc prior to that he was the chief scientist and co founder of packet design chief scientist at cisco and has also headed the network research group at lawrence berkeley national laboratory van talks at google tech talks about the concept of a network and how it enables the efficient transfer of data from one remote location to another in the talk van laments how the network research in the us has stuck in a dead end for the past decade or so and it should be a wonderful time for networking as every thing is connected to everything else there are cell phones computers laptops pdas and so on and each can be connected with each other but unfortunately as van puts it every thing we do with networking is getting harder wireless barely works and information or data is not at sync with all the diverse devices we use in his talk he puts forward his idea of how networking can be made simpler a very informative talk worth watching by anyone who is interested in knowing how computer networks work duration 1 hr 21 min labels google networking videos ifconfig command explained in detail november 20 2006 posted by ravi 0 comments ifconfig is a command line tool used to configure a network interface in linux it can be used to set up any all the network interfaces such as ethernet wireless modem and so on that are connected to your computer ifconfig command provides a wealth of knowledge to any person who takes the time to look at its output commonly the ifconfig command is used for the following tasks configuring an interface you can configure an ethernet card wireless card loop back interface or any other network interface device with ifconfig as an example if you want to set up the ip address of your ethernet card you can pass the necessary options to the ifconfig command as follows ifconfig p2p1 192 168 0 1 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 0 255 up where the 192 168 0 1 number pertains to the ip address of your machine i have used a private ip address 255 255 255 0 denotes the network mask which decides the potential size of your network and the number 192 168 0 255 denotes the broadcast address and lastly the up keyword is the flag which loads the module related to this particular ethernet card and makes it ready to receive and send data earlier ethernet interface was identified as eth0 eth1 and so on however if you are using latest fedora linux the ethernet interface is identified as p2p1 p2p2 and so on gathering network related data when used without any parameters the command ifconfig shows details of the network interfaces that are up and running in your computer in my machine which has a single ethernet card and a loop back interface i get the following output lo link encap local loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 mask 255 0 0 0 inet6 addr 1 128 scope host up loopback running mtu 16436 metric 1 rx packets 8 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 tx packets 8 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 0 rx bytes 480 480 0 b tx bytes 480 480 0 b p2p1 link encap ethernet hwaddr 00 1c c0 ae b5 e6 inet addr 192 168 0 1 bcast 192 168 0 255 mask 255 255 255 0 inet6 addr fe80 21c c0ff feae b5e6 64 scope link up broadcast running multicast mtu 1500 metric 1 rx packets 41620 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 tx packets 40231 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 1000 rx bytes 21601203 20 6 mib tx bytes 6145876 5 8 mib interrupt 21 base address 0xe000 analysis of ifconfig output lets take a closer look at the output fields of the ifconfig command link encap ethernet this denotes that the interface is an ethernet related device hwaddr 00 70 40 42 8a 60 this is the hardware address or mac address which is unique to each ethernet card which is manufactured usually the first half part of this address will contain the manufacturer code which is common for all the ethernet cards manufactured by the same manufacturer and the rest will denote the device id which should not be the same for any two devices manufactured at the same place inet addr indicates the machine ip address bcast denotes the broadcast address mask is the network mask which we passed using the netmask option see above up this flag indicates that the kernel modules related to the ethernet interface has been loaded broadcast denotes that the ethernet device supports broadcasting a necessary characteristic to obtain ip address via dhcp notrailers indicate that trailer encapsulation is disabled linux usually ignore trailer encapsulation so this value has no effect at all running the interface is ready to accept data multicast this indicates that the ethernet interface supports multicasting multicasting can be best understood by relating to a radio station multiple devices can capture the same signal from the radio station but if and only if they tune to a particular frequency multicast allows a source to send a packet s to multiple machines as long as the machines are watching out for that packet mtu short form for maximum transmission unit is the size of each packet received by the ethernet card the value of mtu for all ethernet devices by default is set to 1500 though you can change the value by passing the necessary option to the ifconfig command setting this to a higher value could hazard packet fragmentation or buffer overflows do compare the mtu value of your ethernet device and the loopback device and see if they are same or different usually the loopback device will have a larger packet length metric this option can take a value of 0 1 2 3 with the lower the value the more leverage it has the value of this property decides the priority of the device this parameter has significance only while routing packets for example if you have two ethernet cards and you want to forcibly make your machine use one card over the other in sending the data then you can set the metric value of the ethernet card which you favor lower than that of the other ethernet card i am told that in linux setting this value using ifconfig has no effect on the priority of the card being chosen as linux uses the metric value in its routing table to decide the priority rx packets tx packets the next two lines show the total number of packets received and transmitted respectively as you can see in the output the total errors are 0 no packets are dropped and there are no overruns if you find the errors or dropped value greater than zero then it could mean that the ethernet device is failing or there is some congestion in your network collisions the value of this field should ideally be 0 if it has a value greater than 0 it could mean that the packets are colliding while traversing your network a sure sign of network congestion txqueuelen this denotes the length of the transmit queue of the device you usually set it to smaller values for slower devices with a high latency such as modem links and isdn rx bytes tx bytes these indicate the total amount of data that has passed through the ethernet interface either way taking the above example i can fairly assume that i have used up 31 6 mb in downloading and 2 5 mb uploading which is a total of 37 1 mb of bandwidth as long as there is some network traffic being generated via the ethernet device both the rx and tx bytes will go on increasing interrupt from the data i come to know that my network interface card is using the interrupt number 9 this is usually set by the system the values of almost all the options listed above can be modified using the requisite ifconfig options for example you can pass the option trailers to the ifconfig command to enable trailer encapsulation or you can change the packet size by using the mtu option along with the new value and so on but in majority of the cases you always accept the default values learning to use the right command is only a minuscule part of the job of a network administrator the major part of the job is in analysing the data returned by the command and arriving at the right conclusions labels howtos ifconfig networking system administration find the speed of your ethernet card in linux october 27 2005 posted by ravi 8 comments for logging on to the net or for attaching as a node on a lan your computer needs a network card the network card forms the interface between your computer and the network there are different kinds of network cards available in the market depending on its speed and other features here is a tip to find out the characteristics of your network card if you want to find what type of network card is used its speed on which irq it is listed and the chip type used you use the following command dmesg grep eth0 here eth0 is the first network card if you have additional cards it will be named eth1 eth2 and so on and here is the output of the above command divert allocating divert_blk for eth0 eth0 realtek rtl8139 at 0xd800 00 80 48 34 c2 84 irq 9 eth0 identified 8139 chip type rtl 8100b 8139d divert freeing divert_blk for eth0 divert allocating divert_blk for eth0 eth0 realtek rtl8139 at 0xd800 00 90 44 34 a5 33 irq 9 eth0 identified 8139 chip type rtl 8100b 8139d eth0 link up 100mbps full duplex lpa 0x41e1 eth0 no ipv6 routers present please take a closer look at the above listing the output data identifies my ethernet card is a realtek rtl8139 chipset based card on irq 9 interrupt request its speed is 100 mbps and is a full duplex card and the link is up mii tool as is the philosophy of linux there is more than one way of finding the same information linux also comes with a cute sounding tool called mii tool which can also be used to get the same information about your network card mii tool v eth0 eth0 negotiated 100basetx fd link ok product info vendor 00 00 00 model 0 rev 0 basic mode autonegotiation enabled basic status autonegotiation complete link ok capabilities 100basetx fd 100basetx hd 10baset fd 10baset hd here v is verbose mode from the above listed output one can see that the ethernet card is working as a 100basetx fd full duplex card which can work in the following modes 100 mbps speed full duplex or half duplex or 10 mbps speed full duplex or half duplex and it uses auto negotiation to bring up the link you can call the above device as a 10 100 nic mii tool is obsolete valid media are only 100baset4 100basetx fd 10baset fd and 10baset hd ethernet cards you are encouraged to use the more useful ethtool instead ethtool ethtool is a more powerful cousin to mii tool the following is a simple use of ethtool ethtool eth0 you get an output as shown below settings for eth0 supported ports tp mii supported link modes 10baset half 10baset full 100baset half 100baset full supports auto negotiation yes advertised link modes 10baset half 10baset full 100baset half 100baset full advertised auto negotiation yes speed 100mb s duplex full port mii phyad 32 transceiver internal auto negotiation on supports wake on pumbg wake on p current message level 0x00000007 7 link detected yes in the output above full duplex half duplex and auto negotiation have the following meanings full duplex logic that enables concurrent sending and receiving this is usually desirable and enabled when your computer is connected to a switch half duplex this logic requires a card to only send or receive at a single point of time when your machine is connected to a hub it auto negotiates itself and uses half duplex to avoid collisions auto negotiation this is the process of deciding whether to work in full duplex mode or half duplex mode an ethernet card supporting auto negotiation will decide for itself which mode is the optimal one depending on the network it is attached to labels howtos networking setting up multiple ip addresses on a single nic may 20 2005 posted by ravi 3 comments in linux you can bind multiple ip addresses on a single nic this is usually done in case you are using your linux machine as a web server and is hosting multiple domains and you want to bind each domain to a unique ip address this is how it is done let us assume that you already have a nic which is bound with a static ip address then you will have a file called etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg eth0 my ifcfg eth0 file has the following entries file ifcfg eth0 device eth0 onboot yes bootproto static ipaddr 192 168 0 1 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 0 255 network 192 168 0 0 hwaddr 00 80 48 34 c2 84 now to bind another ip address to the same nic i create a copy of the above file ifcfg eth0 and name it as ifcfg eth0 1 cd etc sysconfig networking scripts cp ifcfg eth0 ifcfg eth0 1 now just change the values of the device and ipaddr in the file as follows file ifcfg eth0 1 device eth0 1 onboot yes bootproto static ipaddr 192 168 0 5 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 0 255 network 192 168 0 0 hwaddr 00 80 48 34 c2 84 and lastly restart the networking service if you are using redhat then it is as simple as service network restart note if you do not know how to configure a nic see my previous posts how to install a network card in linux and how to assign an ip address labels howtos ip address networking redhat tips how to change hostname in linux january 12 2005 posted by ravi 2 comments a hostname is a label that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network and that is used to identify the device in various forms of electronic communication such as the world wide web e mail or usenet the following are the steps you need to execute to change the hostname of your device in linux read more labels hostname networking ol...