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description=Documenting the Ancestors;

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likely that instead of 6 25 of the dna from that each ancestor who is found twice at 4 generations he would carry about 9 38 of their dna or about half a generation closer than one would expect and that goes for all 3 common ancestors we re not sure which of hump s wives gave birth to which children so this could also apply to hump s wife a 4 th ancestor furthermore these individuals in the tribes are likely already very heavily inter married and related to each other long before any records there were only a limited number of people to select as mates and all of those people also descended from the same ancestors who were part of a very small foundation population that migrated from asia some 10 000 to 25 000 years ago depending on which model you subscribe to therefore endogamy and pedigree collapse where one shares common known ancestors would be a phenomenon that has occurred since the time of anzick child and before john s tests we tested john s dna at family tree dna where his y mitochondrial and autosomal dna was tested john s y dna shows us the deep ancestry of the white weasel line the mitochondrial shows us the deep ancestry of dora hope or hoop hump daughter of hump presumably through wife white calf john s autosomal dna shows us an overall ethnicity view plus matches to autosomal cousins let s see what we have autosomal results john s myorigins results show that he is roughly 17 european and the rest a combination of native and asian that together represents 84 one of the aspects that i find most interesting is that the portion of europe that shows a genetic link is finland not france where 6 25 of john s paper trail ancestry is from finland is particularly interesting in light of the result of the clovis anzick child burial found in montana that dates from about 12 500 years ago we have the anzick child s results in the family tree dna data base compliments of both felix immanuel and family tree dna the anzick child s myorigins results are shown below the anzick child s dna ethnic results are very similar to john s anzick child matches the reference population for finland at 11 where john matches at 17 furthermore john iron moccasin is one of 110 people in the data base today that actually match the anzick child s dna at contemporary levels the match threshold at family tree dna today is no minimum number of shared cm required but if the cm total is less than 20 then at least one segment must be 9cm or larger if the longest block of shared dna is greater than 9cm the match will show regardless of total shared cm or the number of matching segments lowering the match threshold to 3cm we can see several small segments that match between john and the anzick child i downloaded their common matching segments chromosome start location end location centimorgans cm of matching snps 1 4282649 5290332 2 56 500 2 98863262 101324606 1 69 600 2 112439588 114460466 1 71 500 2 169362301 170609544 2 27 500 3 8964806 10632877 3 03 600 3 14230971 16121247 2 83 600 3 46655067 53174054 1 28 1000 4 12866760 14721835 1 85 500 5 78642903 80323930 1 64 500 5 158757557 162829228 3 82 1000 6 34609507 36812814 2 88 600 6 127839067 130105402 2 500 7 76597648 78055762 2 84 500 7 99319352 101758792 2 05 600 8 10455449 12975017 2 68 700 8 30301880 34206702 3 45 799 9 26018352 27374204 2 37 500 9 104470303 106854637 3 76 777 10 71258510 72644677 1 46 600 10 102514460 106018240 2 65 800 10 110936823 113553555 3 83 700 11 32265994 34530393 3 35 700 11 91619854 94670011 3 71 800 11 102068510 103853340 1 76 500 12 27332778 29165805 1 66 500 12 96875639 99784589 2 74 700 13 55048728 58723000 1 66 600 13 78707414 80906921 1 34 500 14 22564888 24752111 3 59 800 14 68418807 70225737 1 65 500 14 76767325 78038237 1 71 500 16 12528330 14375990 5 49 659 18 33126219 35069488 1 37 500 19 8284870 13355259 7 87 1278 20 45913972 47494552 3 17 500 their largest matching segments are on chromosome 19 for 7 87 cm and on 16 for 5 49 cm the genetic connection between the anzick child and john iron moccasin is evident john s tribe is descended from the same people as the anzick child who was buried in present day montana john s ancestors hump roan hair and follows were all born in montana and the sioux homelands stretched across this entire region this begs the question of whether john is simply lucky to have inherited these segments or if they are found widely in the native particularly sioux population as a whole to help answer this question i looked at john s closest 4 matches along with the anzick child in the chromosome browser compared to john s dna at 5cm there is no overlap with john s closest matches and the anzick child whose dna is shown in green above however dropping the threshold to 3 below shows overlap with thomas s closest match on chromosome 19 at 4 98 cm and other chromosomes in smaller amounts this would suggest that perhaps the dna that is the same as the anzick child s does not repose in the entire tribal population let s take a look another way john and the anzick child at gedmatch at gedmatch john matches the anzick child on slightly different segments than at family tree dna it s not unusual for different vendors to produce slightly different results in this case the match on chromosome 16 is absent altogether and there are larger segment matches on chromosomes 8 and 14 using a 5cm and 500 snp threshold chromosome 22 shows a match not present at family tree dna i was curious to see how many people matched john on his segments shared with the anzick child john matches a total of 2119 people at gedmatch at 5cm and 500 snps john s results for his two largest segments chromosome 16 at ftdna and 19 were different chromosome 16 the smaller match was generally unremarkable but his chromosome 19 was a different story carrying many names and surnames that i recognize let s take a look at the triangulation tool and see what we find there we are looking for anyone who triangulates with both john and anzick child this tool reports every triangulated match in excess of 5cm using the triangulation tool no one triangulates meaning matches both john and the anzick child on either chromosome 16 or 19 this suggests that all of john s matches showing are on the other chromosome and that this chromosome segment is fairly rare if one of john s parents were to test we could identify which of john s parents was matching anzick so we would know which side of john s family these individuals are matching on these segments assuming these matches are not identical by chance out of curiosity i triangulated anzick child s kit to see if there were any triangulated groups there were but none that included john at gedmatch let s use the are your parents related utility we know that john s parents are related but are any of the segments that came from both parents the same segment that is found in john s anzick match the match threshold at gedmatch for this tool is 7cm and 700 snps so the only segment that would qualify would be this segment on chromosome 19 shown above in green 19 8284870 13355259 7 87 1278 the are your parents related tool at gedmatch shows the following results according to gedmatch this segment of chromosome 19 was not contributed by both of john s parents so this portion of the anzick dna is not found universally in the entire native population in that region one last look at john s dna by comparing to the ancient group contributed at gedmatch shows no segments 4cm or above that match with any ancient specimen other than the clovis anzick child including no match to the paleo eskimo in greenland from 4 000 years ago and no match to kennewick man the tiny orange bars represent matching segments at 400 snps and 4cm john s mitochondrial dna john s mitochondrial dna comes directly from his matrilineal line meaning from his mother her mother her mother on up the tree until you run out of direct line mothers in this case that person winds up being hump s wife we think that person is probably white calf but it could be one of hump s other wives we just don t know for sure given that hump was polygamous mitochondrial dna is passed intact in each generation doesn t get combined with the father s dna so it s a direct line back in time johns s mitochondrial haplogroup is clearly native c4c1 haplogroup c4c1 was originally reported in the suswap by ripan malhi in the chippewa creek and in jasper house alberta canada in 2015 by roberta estes from the american indian project at the hvr1 level john has 62 exact matches but he has no matches at the hvr2 or full sequence levels this means that of the people who have tested at that level he has more than 4 differences at the full sequence level translated this means they don t share common ancestors in hundreds to thousands of years only 8 of john s hvr1 matches have tested at the full sequence level unfortunately of those the earliest ancestors are spanish indicating that they are probably from either the american southwest or further south and their haplogroup c ancestor was eventually associated with the spanish one is from new mexico one is from michigan few of john s matches have entered the location of their most distant ancestor but those who have provided that information are shown below at the hvr1 level understanding that a common ancestor at that level could predate the migration into the americas utilizing the information provided through the genographic project we find the following information about haplogroup c4c1 this provides very interesting geographic distribution information but it also begs the question of how haplogroup c4c1 was found in germany or sweden of course we are relying on participant reported information and it s certainly possible that two individuals misunderstood the directions it s also possible that one or both are legitimate i have wondered for a long time about a link between the northern scandinavian populations especially subarctic and the native subarctic populations in north america according to dr doron behar in the supplement to his paper titled a copernican reassessment of the human mitochondrial dna tree from its root haplogroup c4c1 was born about 10 095 years ago with a standard deviation of 4550 years meaning the range of time in which c4c1 was born in likely 5 545 to 14 645 years ago clearly there is enough latitude in this date range for some c4c1 to be found in either asia or europe and c4c1 to be found in the americas as well if this is indeed the case one would expect for the variants of c4c1 found on the differing continents to contain a significant difference in mutations exceeding the 4 mutations allowed for genealogical matching purposes at family tree dna to date there has been no ancient dna recovered bearing this haplogroup other mitochondrial results individuals descending from several of john s maternal lines would be perfect candidates to test for the mitochondrial dna of those lines one must descend from these women through all females to the current generation follows esther ward nellie pretty voice beautiful hail or white calf ellen wife of joseph hale testing a female descended through pretty voice mother of esther ward would determine whether or not white calf was the mother of pretty voice or if it was another woman probably beautiful hail john s y dna john inherited his y dna chromosome from charley white weasel john s y haplogroup is q m242 a native haplogroup john tested to the 67 marker level but has no matches at 67 markers at 12 25 and 37 markers he matches a gentleman whose ancestor was from fort thomson sd who also tested at 67 markers that is john s only match so apparently john carries some unusual mutations in his y dna as well that are probably isolated to people from the sioux tribe or their ancestors in the past a few hundred to thousands of years on the map above john s match is shown and on the map below john s white balloon is shown where he was born in relation to that of his red balloon match to obtain additional information about john s y dna haplogroup the big y test would need to be run on his sample by running the big y we could obtain a more granular haplogroup meaning further down the tree and we could also see who matches him more distantly meaning further back in time that information could well provide us with information indicating which groups of native people john is most closely related to that suggests a migration route or pathway and tells us about social interactions at some level hundreds to thousands of years in the past anzick child s y dna haplogroup is q l54 a subgroup of q m242 shown on the haplotree below you can also see that many subgroups below l54 have been discovered i strongly suspect that john s haplogroup would be q l54 or a subgroup further downstream i m betting on a subgroup meaning that mutations have occurred in john s line that define a newer younger haplogroup since the time that anzick child and john shared a common ancestor other y line results i was hopeful that i would find results for john s ward or hale line in the projects at family tree dna but i did not i checked in the american indian project for hump with the hope that one of his descendants has tested as well but did not find that hump is yet represented in the data base of course anyone paternally descended from hump s father iron bull or his father black buffalo would carry the same y dna if anyone descends from these direct y lines please do let us know summary what we have been able to discover about john s ancestry both through traditional genealogy and genetic genealogy has been both amazing and fascinating john now knows that he is connected to the anzick child the ancient one john s ancestors and anzick s were one and the same some 12 500 years later john was born on the same land where his ancestors have literally lived forever anzick has given john a wonderful gift and john has given that gift to the rest of us we continue to learn through both john and anzick s contributions thank you to both what s next i would very much like to upgrade john s y dna to 111 markers and order a big y test while the holiday sale is in effect if you would like to contribute to these tests of discovery please donate to the american indian project general fund at this link if we raise more than we need for john s tests we have implemented an application process for other native people every donation helps and helps to build our knowledge base so please contribute if you can acknowledgements my gratitude to the following people john iron moccasin for testing providing family information and allowing us to work with and publish his results john s mother martha hale for providing the original genealogical information below johns friend pam for bringing us this opportunity john s wife carolyn for coordinating information family tree dna for testing and facilitating the ancient dna project the american indian project and various native...