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assumes you are installing openbsd on a system dedicated to openbsd for dual boot issues see the faq configure the file structure and the network now on with the install first clear the possibility that openbsd recognized an existing partition on your hard drive by typing the following z a enter the z command zeroes the partitions leaving only c author note thanks to joel dinel for the partition zeroing hint now you can add the file structure this consists of root var swap usr and home file size is an important consideration the root must be at least 150m 500m is recommended tmp can be as small as 150m performance can increase if this is larger var should be larger for a server because var www and var mail can fill up quickly especially if you expect to handle larger mail attachments swap should be twice the size of the ram you have or twice the size of the ram you expect to have 512mb of ram makes a swap space of 1 024mb ideal one gig of ram makes two gigs of swap space usr and home need to be larger if you are creating a desktop workstation with x windows i am using a 10gb hard drive you should use values that make sense for your situation keep in mind that the values for offset will differ depending on the size of your hard drive the following instructions create the basic file structure for the operating system type a a enter offset 63 enter size 500m enter fs type 4 2bsd enter mount point none enter type a b enter offset 614880 enter size 19386045 1024m enter fs type swap enter type a d enter offset 2712528 enter size 17288397 500m enter fs type 4 2bsd enter mount point none tmp enter type a e enter offset 3327408 enter size 16673517 3g enter fs type 4 2bsd enter mount point none var enter type a f enter offset 5425056 enter size 14575869 2g enter fs type 4 2bsd enter mount point none usr enter type a g enter offset 9619344 enter size 10381581 2g enter fs type 4 2bsd enter mount point none home enter now that you have created the file structure write the changes type p enter this shows the partitions you are about to create leave a little extra space for future changes like ram upgrades or log files filling var or leave the size of the g partition unspecified and g will use up the rest of your hard disk type q enter write new label choose y enter now cycle through the options you have created hit enter until the home directory appears then type done the next step destroys all existing data on these partitions are you sure that you re ready to proceed type y enter you will be prompted for a system hostname use any name you like i used the name ftknox the following steps guide you through configuring the network using dhcp configure the network choose yes enter if you are using an ethernet card that is supported by openbsd then you should be prompted to initialize an interface press enter symbolic host name for vr0 type ftknox dlink530tx enter you should see the speed options for your ethernet card do you want to change the media options choose no enter ipv4 address for vr0 or none or dhcp type dhcp enter enter your dns domain name and the address of your dns nameserver default ipv4 route choose dhcp enter edit hosts with ed choose no enter do you want to do any manual network configuration choose no enter password for root account do not use any word in any language numbers and letters and special characters are best in combination now that the network and file structure configuration is done it is time to access an f tp server to install the operating system where are the install sets or done type f enter http ftp proxy url e g http proxy 8080 39 or none choose none enter display the list of known ftp servers choose yes enter find the server that is closest to you heeding the warnings from the introduction regarding international distribution server ip address hostname list done or type ftp openbsd org enter does the server support passive mode ftp choose yes enter server directory choose pub openbsd 3 6 i386 enter login choose anonymous enter the following sets are available file name or done bsd mp type all enter file name or done type game36 tgz enter file name or done type done enter ready to install sets type yes enter and away you go you are now installing the entire openbsd operating system over the internet to your host server computer so depending on your connection speed this could take minutes or hours if it works you will see various messages about getting somefile tgz followed by a percentage of course 100 percent is the target then you will be prompted with the following questions where are the install sets or done type done enter start sshd 8 by default choose yes enter do you expect to run the x window system choose either yes or no enter i personally believe that x windows has no place on a server but you may think differently change the default console to com0 choose no enter set your time zone this one s self explanatory you should now have a congratulations screen and a root prompt take your boot floppy out of the a drive and type halt reboot your machine to start using openbsd you will notice that because you started sshd by default that it will have generated a new dsa and rsa host key this is excellent openssh runs seamlessly with openbsd because the same people make both for further information read the openssh faq the afterboot section of the man pages offers a wealth of information that you should read as well type man afterboot one of the strengths of openbsd is the high quality of its man pages make sure you read these before attempting to post a question on any openbsd forum browsing hint page up and page down move you through the man pages enter scrolls one line type q to quit set up su to use su you must first create a regular user which you will regularly log in as 1 log in as root 2 type adduser 3 choose your favorite shell i use the default sh 4 use the default login class 5 use the default home partition home continue using the defaults unless you have a special situation i choose not to send a message to myself and to be prompted for passwords by default one thing i do change is the password encryption method blowfish is my algorithm of choice and is likely the default enter username and full name when prompted now continue as root 1 type vi etc group 2 the top line should read wheel 0 root 3 type i to enter vi insert mode 4 move to the end of the first line using the right arrow 5 add a comma and the username of the user you just created e g wheel 0 root user1 6 press esc and type wq to write the file and exit vi test this out 1 press ctrl alt f2 to open a new login screen 2 log in as the new user you just created 3 type su 4 enter your root password you should once again have a root prompt use this prompt to install the ports and package collections the following section shows you how install ports and the package collection now that su is installed and working openbsd s functionality considerably expands with the installation of both the ports and the package collections installing new functionality on openbsd requires root or pseudo su root privileges all of the following instructions require that you be logged in as the superuser root issue the following commands to install several thousand program skeletons 1 ftp ftp ftp openbsd org pub openbsd 3 6 ports tar gz 2 mv ports tar gz usr 3 cd usr 4 tar xzf ports tar gz pop back into your open root console type ctrl alt f1 notice that true root keeps track of all uses of su press enter to get your prompt back and type login log in as the user you created type su enter the root password and voila using ports invoking the tcsh shell all of the ports work in a similar fashion navigate to the port directory you want and type make make install within the port directory that includes the makefile for example to install the tcsh shell 1 type cd usr ports shells tcsh 2 type make make install and that is the basic formula for installing ports many ports like tcsh have special instructions that appear during or following the install in this case 1 type vi etc shells 2 add the line bin tcsh to this file 3 save and quit esc wq at the root prompt type usr local bin tcsh to invoke the tcsh shell i like this shell for its up arrow command history function never type the same thing twice you can perform subsequent invocations of this shell by typing tcsh at the command prompt i suggest continuing to use the tcsh shell for the rest of the tutorial packages collection the packages collection is the preferred way of installing software onto your openbsd system packages automagically install the required dependencies as with the ports system you must be logged in as the superuser root you can browse the packages online note intel architecture is i386 tell pkg_add where to find the packages via ftp do not attempt to install packages from an older or a newer release number of openbsd because this tutorial builds openbsd version 3 6 make sure you get the packages from the version 3 6 folder setenv as seen below type setenv pkg_path ftp ftp openbsd org pub openbsd 3 6 packages i386 install mysql and php install mysql4 type pkg_add mysql server 4 0 20 tgz note the instructions on the screen you will return to this after you install php install php4 type pkg_add php4 core 4 3 10 tgz enable the php4 module type usr local sbin phpxs s type cp usr local share doc php4 php ini recommended var www conf php ini install php4_mysql4 connectivity type pkg_add php4 mysql 4 3 10 tgz type usr local sbin phpxs a mysql enable mcrypt type pkg_add php4 mcrypt 4 3 10 tgz type usr local sbin phpxs a mcrypt enable mhash type pkg_add php4 mhash 4 3 10 type usr loca sbin phpxs a mhash enable imap type pkg_add php4 imap 4 3 10 tgz type usr local sbin phpxs a imap enable domxml type pkg_add php4 domxml 4 3 10 tgz type usr local sbin phpxs a domxml enable pear libraries type pkg_add php4 pear 4 3 10 tgz use php to manipulate graphics type pkg_add php4 gd 4 3 10 no_x11 tgz type usr local sbin phpxs a gd enable curl type pkg_add php4 curl 4 3 10 tgz type usr local sbin phpxs a curl create mysql passwords and user type usr local bin mysqld_safe type usr local bin mysqladmin u root password mypassword access the server with your new password type usr local bin mysql u root p enter your password at the prompt you should see the mysql prompt a problem with mysql is it ships with two anonymous users who have no passwords change this within mysql by entering the following note the marks are two single quotation marks in a row mysql type select host user from mysql user mysql type set password for localhost password newpwd mysql type set password for host_name password newpwd change host_name to the value that corresponds to the name you gave your system displayed on your screen under host where user root e g lockdown cyborgspiders com mysql type exit now that you are back at the prompt type ps to verify that mysqld_safe is still running edit apache httpd conf file 1 vi var www conf httpd conf 2 change the email address for serveradmin to you youraddress com 3 change your servername to a valid dns entry if you do not have a valid dns name for your host enter the ip address associated with your lan 4 type ifconfig a to find the inet address associated with your working ethernet card 5 find the line that says inet 192 168 1 106 or some similar value 6 addtype application x httpd php php and delete the comment tag 7 also you must add php to the apache directory index directoryindex index html index php optionally add index phtml index php4 and index php3 8 exit vi and save forced 9 press esc and type wq enter starting and stopping apache as the superuser to start apache type apachectl start c as in current t as in table l as in linux to stop apache type apachectl stop c as in current t as in table l as in linux start apache now then navigate to the htdocs directory to test php type cd var www htdocs type ls you are now viewing the htdocs directory this is the directory from which apache serves files to the world type lynx 127 0 0 1 this should show you a congratulations screen apache is running with the index html file for php to work you must create an index php file type vi index html remember press i for insert mode beneath the body bgcolor ffffff tag add php phpinfo press esc wq index php this saves the file as index php with your changes test this out type lynx 127 0 0 1 index php you should see a very detailed display about your new php enabled apache web server read through it notice how the variables in the httpd conf file and the php ini file affect the output depending on your purposes you will want to make configuration changes to these files note the apache documentation is installed by default to avoid embarrassment and death threats on the mailing lists rtfm connect to mysql using php to connect to mysql from php you need to create a new php document vi mysql php html head title php mysql connection test title body php connect mysql_connect localhost root yourpasswordhere if no connect then die if connect die something went wrong mysql_error echo it is time to enjoy your new openbsd apache php mysql powered web server good form to close the connection mysql_close connect close the php body html mission accomplished if you followed these directions correctly you now have the magic key to openbsd 3 6 apache 1 3 29 mod_ssl 2 8 16 openssl 0 9 7d mysql 4 0 20 and php 4 3 10 never give up root openbsd ships secure by default meaning all non essential services are disabled the openbsd code auditing team promotes open source as the only real solution to a truly transparent security model this working model greatly simplifies the system administrator s security duties security becomes a consideration prior to implementing new services rather than an after the fact hole plugging technique openbsd also ships with apache chrooted by default while this will create some challenges for the system admin with certain programs the benefit is that should apache become compromised the cracker will not have write access to the operating system running apache jailed restricts the daemon from seeing beyond the root directory of the chrooted directory the cracker may not get beyond read access to apache while not immune to security breaches openbsd takes a proactive stance against cracking techniques buffer overflow attacks are historically a weak point in nix systems so openbsd has taken measures to protect the stack and to ensure that no page is both writeable and executable at the same time it is a credit to the openbsd community that security announcements are few and far between proactive security however is a continual process keeping up to date is important to receive security announcements from openbsd send an email to openbsd org with subscribe security announce in the message body security concerns need to be based on the value of your data my next article will demonstrate how to u...