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description= On DeviantArt and YouTube as Concavenator: sometimes I draw and write about speculative biology, life on other worlds and in the far future, and the history of life on Earth.;
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Text of the page (random words):
because nobody was around to fire it mycenaean palace civilization on the greek mainland collapses pylos mycenae tiryns all destroyed or abandoned within a generation the linear b administrative system disappears entirely and greek speakers forget how to write for four hundred years cyprus s palace economy ends most of the levantine coast is destroyed or depopulated egypt holds on but takes serious damage and goes into a slow institutional decline that ends with the twenty first dynasty and the formal end of the new kingdom about a century later this is by any reasonable measure the largest synchronized civilizational collapse in pre modern history that we can actually document and it happens fast the destructive phase is something like fifty years we have one good narrative source for this and it s egyptian specifically it s ramesses iii s mortuary temple at medinet habu on the west bank at thebes which has on its outer walls a long pictorial and textual account of two big battles ramesses fought against invaders in his fifth and eighth regnal years so roughly 1180 and 1177 bc though the egyptian chronology has some slack in it the eighth year inscription is the famous one the one everybody knows and it lists the names of the invaders in a specific formula the peleset the tjeker the shekelesh the denyen and the weshesh lands united and it describes a coordinated assault by these groups by both land and sea that supposedly destroyed the hittite empire and cyprus and carchemish and arzawa and alashiya before being repelled by ramesses at the eastern edge of the delta the inscription also names the previous wave from ramesses s fifth year the sherden and lukka and others and there are earlier references in ramesses ii s records kadesh sixty years prior to sherden mercenaries and even earlier references in the amarna correspondence to lukka raiders so the egyptians have been seeing these groups for two hundred years before 1177 but at medinet habu they re framed as a single coordinated existential threat and the egyptians win that s the thing the inscription is for it s a victory monument ramesses defeats the assembled hordes at the delta captures or kills enormous numbers settles the survivors as military colonists in egyptian controlled canaan and saves civilization the reliefs show him personally shooting arrows from his chariot at people falling out of capsizing boats it s pharaonic propaganda of an extremely standard kind now the way egyptology and then mediterranean archaeology generally ended up reading this for most of the twentieth century was to take the medinet habu inscription at something like face value and to treat the sea peoples as the cause of the bronze age collapse a coordinated barbarian migration possibly originating in the central mediterranean or the aegean that swept through the eastern mediterranean destroying the palace civilizations until egypt finally stopped them and the names listed at medinet habu were taken to identify specific ethnic groups whose movements could be tracked the peleset became the philistines settling on the southern levantine coast giving us the name palestine the sherden became the sardinians the shekelesh became the sicels giving us sicily the denyen became either the greeks danaoi or possibly the tribe of dan the tjeker maybe the teucrians etc this is the version that ends up in textbooks the version robert drews wrote a famous book about in 1993 the end of the bronze age the version eric cline made into a new york times bestseller in 2014 with 1177 b c the year civilization collapsed which is a perfectly good book for what it is but which has the structural problem that it s named after and organized around an event for which we have one 1 actual source and that source is a piece of pharaonic war propaganda this is the part that secretly explains everything about the sea peoples problem which is that the sea peoples are an egyptian source bias we can name them and group them and tell stories about them because the egyptians named them and grouped them and told stories about them but the egyptians are doing this for egyptian reasons ramesses iii needs a unified barbarian threat for the same reason every imperial monument needs a unified barbarian threat which is that i personally repelled the assembled forces of chaos is a better claim than i dealt with several uncoordinated raiding parties over a couple of decades and also some of them ended up settling in territory i didn t really control anymore but we ll call that a victory the lands united formula is doing the same work that axis of evil did in 2002 it s coalition building rhetoric for the audience back home applied retroactively to a set of distinct phenomena that the speaker has political reasons to bundle what the actual archaeology shows when you look at it without the egyptian frame on top is that the late thirteenth and twelfth century eastern mediterranean is undergoing what a systems theorist would call a cascading failure multiple independent stresses climate shift toward aridity documented by lake cores and pollen sequences across the region disruption to the highly specialized bronze trade network that required tin from afghanistan and copper from cyprus and finished products moving through six or seven intermediary kingdoms to reach end users possibly a decades long drought in anatolia that we have textual references to in late hittite letters complaining about famine internal political fractures in pretty much every palace system and yes increased raiding and small scale population movement around the periphery that together produced collapse cascades that none of the individual stresses would have caused on their own the sea peoples as the egyptians described them are one of the symptoms of this when palace economies start failing the people who had been the periphery mercenary populations pirate traders displaced refugees second sons of collapsed aristocracies looking for somewhere to go become more visible and more aggressive and more mobile because the systems that had been keeping them peripheral are no longer keeping them peripheral calling these movements the cause of the collapse is like calling looters the cause of a hurricane they re real they re doing damage but they showed up because the load bearing structure was already failing the philistine case is the one that actually shows you what s going on because the philistines are the only sea peoples group we can track archaeologically with any confidence the peleset of medinet habu show up in the southern coastal levant the philistine pentapolis gaza ashkelon ashdod ekron gath in the early twelfth century and the material culture they bring is aegean specifically it s late mycenaean mycenaean iiic pottery locally produced in philistia but in the aegean style which means actual aegean potters or potters trained by aegean potters aegean style hearths aegean style loomweights pig and cattle bone ratios that match greek mainland sites rather than levantine ones even aegean style cooking so these are real people from somewhere in the aegean world probably not all from one place the assemblages suggest mixed origins cyprus and the greek mainland and possibly western anatolia who actually did move to the levantine coast and set up shop in the wreckage of the egyptian controlled canaanite city states but here s the part that messes up the migration narrative within about two hundred years the philistines are archaeologically indistinguishable from the surrounding canaanite israelite population the aegean pottery tradition fades into local levantine forms by the tenth century the pig consumption drops the hearths get rebuilt in local style the language shifts we don t know what the philistines spoke when they arrived maybe a form of greek maybe something else but by the eighth century they re writing in a northwest semitic dialect related to phoenician by the time the hebrew bible is talking about goliath and david the philistines are functionally levantine they have a god named dagon who is an old canaanite grain god they live in canaanite style cities the only thing that makes them philistines rather than just another canaanite group is that they remember they came from somewhere else and the people writing about them remember they came from somewhere else they ve been absorbed which means the story isn t barbarian invaders destroy civilization the story is during a generalized collapse some refugee raider populations from the aegean ended up controlling chunks of the southern levantine coast for a couple of generations and then they integrated into the local population and the only reason we still talk about them as a distinct group is that the egyptians wrote them down on a temple wall and the hebrews wrote them down in a national epic and the names stuck their genuine cultural distinctness lasts maybe two centuries the sea peoples migration in any meaningful sense is over by 1000 bc which is to say it took less time for the sea peoples to disappear into the populations they conquered than it took for the norman conquest of england to produce a norman english aristocracy that could write the magna carta and the other groups on the medinet habu list are even worse in terms of how much we actually know about them the sherden we have references to them as egyptian mercenaries from a hundred years before the supposed great migration some of them probably did end up in sardinia but the connection is mostly onomastic the name sounds like sardinia and the archaeological case is thin the shekelesh sicily connection is similar name resemblance archaeological case much weaker than the philistine one the denyen could be the danaoi greeks or the tribe of dan or the adana of cilicia the tjeker show up briefly in one egyptian text the tale of wenamun 1075 bc as occupying the port of dor on the levantine coast and then they vanish from the record the weshesh nobody has any idea about so out of the medinet habu coalition exactly one group the peleset philistines can be confidently identified archaeologically and the rest are essentially names attached to speculation all stitched together by the egyptian inscription s coalition rhetoric into a single sea peoples invasion that may or may not have been a single anything the reason this matters beyond the local pleasure of getting the historiography right is that the sea peoples have been doing structural work in our thinking about civilization and its discontents for about a century now they re the original barbarian hordes destroyed the prosperous interconnected world they re the prototype for the migration period framing of late antiquity they show up in every popular treatment of fragile globalization as the cautionary tale and the version of them that s doing this work is the medinet habu version the unified coalition version the 1177 bc the year civilization collapsed version the actual messy systems cascade version where the sea peoples are a symptom and not a cause and where they mostly turn out to have been a couple of refugee populations that integrated into local cultures within a few generations is much less useful as a metaphor for whatever you want to say about the modern world which is probably why it s not the version that gets cited the bronze age collapse was real and it was bad it produced the genuine greek dark age four centuries of post collapse archaeology with no writing dramatically reduced settlement size genuine knowledge loss the mycenaean greeks could build domed stone tombs the iron age greeks who replaced them could not and didn t again until the romans showed up the eastern mediterranean trade networks took something like three or four hundred years to rebuild and the political map that emerged on the other side phoenician city states aramaean kingdoms iron age israel and judah archaic greek poleis neo assyrian empire eventually the persians was completely different from the one that went in something big happened but the egyptians sitting at the southern edge of it watching the wave hit and barely surviving wrote the version we inherited and the version they wrote was the version where the wave had a name and a face and pharaoh personally repelled it we ve been reading their press release ever since and treating it as the report tagged bronze age sea peoples medinet habu philistines historiography o craven canto good summary but i m not sure why this post keeps citing 1177 bc as example of the old barbarian coalition destroying civilization narrative when afaict the book s thesis is in fact much the same as op s in other words although there is no question that there were new peoples entering and settling down in canaan at this time in this reconstruction the bogeyman specter of the invading sea peoples philistines has been replaced by a somewhat more peaceful picture of a mixed group of migrants in search of a new start in a new land rather than militant invaders intent only on destruction they were more likely to have been refugees who did not necessarily always attack and conquer the local peoples but frequently simply settled down among them ch 5 history bronze age i notice i m confused 32 notes may 20th 2026 open in app facebook tweet reddit mail embed permalink o craven canto o craven canto come to the human cuisine restaurant we have boiled grain flatbread with various toppings flatbread wrapped around filling fried lean meat stew of fatty meat and starch fermented vegetable oily sauce aromatic herbs stimulant alkaloids alcoholic beverage o craven canto added to great demand fried lump of dough dough coated ball of filling savory curdled protein sugary plant juice salt food humans gonna hume 12 466 notes may 19th 2026 open in app facebook tweet reddit mail embed permalink rendakuenthusiast effiecalvin i have this idea for a video game called are you out there where two players control two different alien civilizations and the goal of the game is to invent spaceflight and then manage to find one another in a ginormous universe you can try to leave signs for each other to find or send out probes and radio waves or colonize many systems so you re a bigger target but its hard because the universe is really big idk just a thought video games stuff i d probably like if it existed 3 329 notes may 18th 2026 open in app facebook tweet reddit mail embed permalink earlypalaeoart earlypalaeoart advertising poster for camille flammarion s book le monde avant la création de l homme 1886 redrawn from the book paleoart history of science dinosaurs 57 notes may 16th 2026 open in app facebook tweet reddit mail embed permalink shieldfoss horreurscopes never forget the universal rule of the order of things people will not read it horreurscopes signs at stores émail menu instruction post online caption with andswer to question group hand outs street sign no the written word is the enemy lasr...
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