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home peer community journal home current about submit people instructions home current about submit people instructions browse by volume browse by section browse by topic browse by conference all all author title references affiliation full text search not between and author all author title date references keywords affiliation full text latest articles section evolutionary biology topics evolution genetics genomics gene tree conflict between genomic and functional partitions impacts phylogenetic inference in zygophylloideae van der merwe pieter de wet pirie michael d bellstedt dirk u 10 24072 pcjournal 828 peer community journal volume 6 2026 article no e116 get full text pdf the zygophyllaceae subfamily zygophylloideae includes seven genera and around 180 species distributed worldwide particularly in arid areas where they show adaptations to drought including c 4 and cam photosynthesis phylogenetic relationships of zygophylloideae have been analysed in several studies using sanger sequenced markers but none have been able to resolve all deeper relationships between genera in the subfamily here we use ion semi conductor sequencing of chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal regions to analyse these relationships and assess why they have proved so challenging to resolve we sequenced 39 chloroplast genes and nuclear ribosomal 18s 5 8s and 26s genes and internal transcribed spacers its for key species of zygophyllum sensu stricto roepera tetraena fagonia zygophyllum stapffii and monotypic augea capensis and tribulus of the subfamily tribuloideae as outgroup we aligned these with data from published chloroplast genomes followed by phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and bayesian approaches summarising phylogenetic results separately for non coding introns and intergenic spacers and for genes that are or are not involved in photosynthesis we combined the chloroplast data with sequences of three highly variable noncoding chloroplast regions used in previous studies of greater numbers of taxa and similarly the nuclear ribosomal data with more densely sampled its sequences and assessed whether adding such data resulted in improved support for consistent topologies we used a chloroplast sequence matrix to infer a dated phylogeny adding data did not always improve phylogenetic resolution which was apparently impacted by non informative variation in chloroplast photosynthesis related genes as well as by conflicting chloroplast and nuclear signals chloroplast genes not related to photosynthesis provide robust support for a topology that is consistent with independent data and may therefore represent a useful species tree hypothesis the cause of the gene tree conflicts remains unclear potential explanations include functional constraints in photosynthesis related genes and introgressive hybridization and or incomplete lineage sorting during an ancient rapid divergence further testing will require a broader sampling of lineages with different photosynthetic modes and multiple informative independent and selectively neutral gene trees section ecology topics ecology biology of interactions environmental sciences the past and potential antagonistic effects of fishing ban against nutrient loading control on eutrophication restoration in lake hongze qin bo dakos vasilis cai yongjiu zhao yu yang xiangdong zhang enlou wang rong 10 24072 pcjournal 827 peer community journal volume 6 2026 article no e115 get full text pdf integrated management strategies are often implemented to achieve comprehensive environmental restoration however the potential antagonistic effects among such measures are seldom examined fishing bans aimed at enhancing fish biodiversity may counteract the effectiveness of nutrient control measures in mitigating eutrophication this study employs the pclake model and structural equation modeling sem to evaluate this hypothesis in lake hongze the fourth largest shallow lake in china the pclake model was calibrated using observational data from lake hongze collected between 2016 and 2020 the calibrated model was subsequently applied in a hindcast analysis from 2020 to 2024 and a forecast simulation from 2025 to 2030 to assess the impacts of fishing bans combined with sem path analysis the results support the hypothesis that fishing bans can exhibit antagonistic effects on nutrient loading control by enhancing top down regulation relative to bottom up processes specifically the fishing ban led to increased fish biomass phytoplankton abundance and nutrient levels over the past four years while reducing the abundance of submerged macrophytes zoobenthos and zooplankton projections further indicate that such antagonistic effects would persist through 2030 if the fishing ban remains in place as planned additionally model forecasts suggest that even with adjustments to the duration and intensity of fishing bans antagonistic effects could be amplified under more stringent nutrient control scenarios this study provides valuable insights into maximizing the net benefits of combined environmental management strategies through a systematic framework that evaluates both the effects and underlying processes of different interventions section psychology topics psychological and cognitive sciences history cross cultural validation and ideological fairness of a historical perspective taking instrument evidence from czech secondary students kaleta juda 10 24072 pcjournal 831 peer community journal volume 6 2026 article no e114 get full text pdf this study reports a czech adaptation of the hartmann and hasselhorn historical perspective taking hpt instrument and examines whether its politically charged scenario introduces construct irrelevant variance civ related to students ideological attitudes among 293 czech secondary students confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit for a correlated three factor model an item level bias analysis detected no differential item functioning across ideology groups with this sample and procedure multi group factor analysis produced fit index changes compatible with scalar invariance but small extreme groups and unmodeled clustering limit the strength of that evidence historical knowledge correlated with the six item hpt composite r 34 95 ci 23 43 right authoritarian attitudes were unrelated r 05 95 ci 16 07 these findings support a possible protocol for evaluating measurement fairness when assessment content carries attitudinal valence subject to the limits of this single scenario item format and ideologically restricted sample section health movement sciences topics psychological and cognitive sciences exploring the role of physical effort in the rewarding value of sedentary behavior maltagliati silvio broeke pam ten sarrazin philippe rhodes ryan bijleveld erik dunton genevieve f bonnet cedrick gardner benjamin raichlen david a miller matthew w cheval boris 10 24072 pcjournal 820 peer community journal volume 6 2026 article no e113 get full text pdf objective sedentary behavior is commonly studied based on the value of the higher order task being performed such as watching tv using a phone or playing video games however it is possible that the low physical effort associated with these behaviors also contributes to their appeal that is individuals may be drawn not just to the task but to the low effort it is paired with this study aims to test this possibility by manipulating body position sitting vs standing while participants engage in a familiar sedentary task i e playing tetris methods to test this hypothesis we manipulated body position during a smartphone video game task to examine how sitting versus standing affected the rewarding value assigned to the game results our results two independent studies n 228 and n 129 show that the rewarding value of this sedentary behavior also stems from the low effort cost associated with sitting conclusions these findings suggest that the perception of effort may contribute to influencing sedentary preferences and provide valuable insights for interventions aimed at reducing excessive sedentary behavior such as targeted strategies to increase the valuation of physical effort view more articles encouraged and supported by and supported by and many others follow us contact peercommunityjournal org rss feed on mastodon on bluesky people executive board managing coordinator editorial board sections animal science 34 archaeology 49 ecology 150 ecotoxicology environmental chemistry 21 evolutionary biology 116 forest tree wood sciences 11 genomics 65 health movement sciences 17 infections 39 mathematical computational biology 34 microbiology 25 network science 6 nutrition 5 neuroscience 13 organization studies 4 paleontology 16 plants 5 psychology 6 statistics machine learning 2 registered reports 4 zoology 29 conferences euring 2023 jobim caa2025 indexed by view all databases membership image credits the network image was drawn by martin grandjean a force based 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