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Text of the page (random words):
the same page then the organization of this site may come as a surprise rather than reading with apparatus we aim to offer exploration of the texts through a panoply of corpus queries because many texts have been parsed by hand and the rest of them with the computer you can search in ways that you don t see in too many other places for instance search for present imperatives in plato or the particle μέν only in lines spoken by ismene looking for forms of βροτός at the end of the sentence we are here to serve them up for experienced and post beginner readers we also recommend tools that will by now be familiar i hope the keyword in context view and the collocation tool we are grateful for all problem reports and user suggestions keep them and your donations coming to keep abreast of developments consider following us on twitter logeiongklat work that awaits we really want to incorporate more texts which are steadily becoming available from the perseus digital library more importantly we need to adapt the new generation of philologic philologic4 to the needs of classicists think navigation that is not by page number in an edition lemma searches so that we no longer depend on fifteen year old technology stay tuned background where do those texts come from the texts we make available on this site are practically all used by permission from the perseus project at tufts university the foremost digital library for the classical world if not for the humanities in general in its collection of greek and roman materials readers will find many of the canonical texts read today the greek collection approaches 8 million words and the latin collection currently has 5 5 million in addition many english language dictionaries other reference works translations and commentaries are included so that anyone with an internet connection has access to the equivalent of a respectable college classics library the greek and latin texts are richly encoded for content rather than form e g not page breaks initials and indents but speaker information metrical information and milestones the perseus site is further enriched by intricate linking mechanisms among texts resulting in more than 30 million links for licensing information details on editors and translators etc click on the xml header links that show up in the bibliographical details of the texts for consulting the reference works we now recommend going straight to logeion on the web or in an app we do still offer a searchable lsj lewis short and slater and we have put in a link to woodhouse s english greek dictionary what did you do to the texts or where is the mirror you will here find a selection of the text at the tufts site but the mechanism for browsing and searching them is a different one it is philologic a system that was especially developed for large textual databases by the artfl project at the university of chicago while the original perseus site is an excellent tool for linear reading by putting all kinds of resources on the same page while a user reads a passage we were interested in leveraging the rich encoding for searching the texts and for other tasks that are less about reading and more about research corpus linguistics above all we are grateful that the perseus project makes its texts available to third parties and continue to live in hope that other not for profit institutions devoted to greek text curation will enhance their search and analysis offerings or follow the example of perseus and decide to make their data available for advanced analysis with other systems than their own please get in touch or download your own copy of philologic which is open source why doesn t your site give me cicero to read when i type in cicero in the search box it is important to understand that a philologic search form is not like a google search box the main search box is for words that occur in the text so that by typing gallia est you will find the opening sentence of the gallic wars but entering julius caesar will in the first instance lead you to texts of catullus and cicero starting from our homepage click on the link to the full search form where you can use the author and title fields or type in a standard citation at the top based on the oxford classical dictionary if your citation is not what the server expects you ll get a full listing of all the texts which will show you the abbreviation we use why aren t you more like google philologic is designed to leverage the rich structural encoding that perseus texts offer and therefore to know the difference between types of content words in the texts versus the so called metadata authors titles and much more it is also designed to allow for precise answers to specific questions rather than ballpark estimates of the are you feeling lucky type if you search for the word amicitia in texts or for the name pseudolus we don t want you to find instances from titles or speaker indications unless you specify that that s the kind of information titles that include amicitia words spoken by pseudolus that you want we believe that both approaches have their advantages but that more precise searching is something that classicists tend to want in sum before entering anything in a search field ask yourself what kind of search this is a word search or a search for metadata if your search is for metadata find the fitting field elsewhere on the search form tip by clicking on the buttons next to the search fields you will always get a listing of your options why are my results different when i search that other greek corpus several important distinctions most importantly that corpus is probably much much larger than the selection offered here and the texts are often of more recent vintage on the other hand the texts may not have been disambiguated so that guesses about frequency may always be at the high end and include lemmata that do not in fact occur in the texts or do not occur with the frequency asserted we would like to see the functionality of searching by part of speech or by specified attribute such as speaker and better leveraging of parsing in everybody s corpus but we are in no position to know what goes on behind closed doors more questions happy to chat of course how do i use this site where did all the search forms go one type of reaction we heard a lot about the original perseus under philologic site was that the search forms were rather intimidating to the novice now that we ve been around for well over a decade and with good alternatives out there for reading texts such as the beautiful new scaife viewer we are going back to our roots you might say if you are looking for the primary texts and translations click greek or latin at the top of this page reference works can be found in logeion grammars among the monographs texts and their translations live in the same databases you can go from translation to original or read them side by side by clicking on links english greek latin if there are multiple translations you will see english and english2 for a demonstration of a typical visit check the steps in the earlier part of this presentation commentaries and monographs live in two separate databases enter ancient author or title in the title field on the search form to find out whether a commentary is available for a particular ancient text monographs include various grammars on the search page for the monographs there is a quick lookup box for grammar sections in accordance with how these works usually get cited in commentaries and in classrooms to look up a word and its parse click on it in the greek and latin texts a window will appear that will also provide a link to logeion which will show you the word as it appears in the full set of dictionaries and reference works we have available full text search remains available from the search forms for some individual dictionaries accessible from the top of this page what browser should i use i can t find the parsing window any longer why is my perfectly normal word with an acute accent not found we know about users with good experiences on linux ubuntu windows xp mac os as operating systems we know that opera firefox and safari have been successfully used as browsers unfortunately internet explorer is not compatible with our click to parse mechanism in all other browsers we have tested a click on a greek or latin word should result in a new window with parse information and links to dictionaries subsequent clicks will result in this same parse window being refreshed if you don t see anything it may be that this window is hidden behind your other browser window s if greek fails to show up as greek make sure that your browser can deal with utf 8 encoding and download some unicode font that has greek in it there are plenty of free greek fonts cutting and pasting into word processors should be easy in most cases you should be able to type in words you search for without diacritics this also means no breathings and no iota subcripts or in transliteration see info help for guidance just be sure to also select the corresponding radio button no diacritics transliteration when you do this unicode detail that is probably too much information we try to be consistent in using pre combined unicode and avoiding the now deprecated characters that use oxia rather than the canonical tonos combinations if you use a greek input method that produces the oxia variant consider entering your search without diacritics when there are acute accents in play or installing an input method that adheres to canonical practice the mac os x system has built in polytonic greek input that also complies with these standards what is this business about morphology and what do the colors mean in the spring of 2008 we received an ati grant to develop morphological analysis for the greek corpus and to make it searchable you can learn more about this project by reading abstracts of our presentations on this topic or taking a look at this big poster on how it was all put together in a more recent presentation we present a walk through of a set of searches for more details on part of speech codes consult the info help sections on the search forms it is important to point out that the texts were not parsed by hand so that there will be many erroneous parses we hope you will help us correct those in a typical parse window you ll see one parse highlighted in light blue it indicates that our automatic part of speech tagger has selected this parse as the most likely one in the context you will see a number say 0 45678 associated with the parse this expresses the probability the system a stupid computer that does not know greek as well as you do associates with that particular parse parts of the texts have been hand tagged if you encounter a hand tagged form it will be green in color even there data entry problems may come up so please be critical and report submit a problem report form via the link in the parse window if the correct parse is not listed any errors you find how do i search for morphological attributes or lemmas updated may 2021 right now sorry but you don t not on this public server we hope to bring back advanced searching and navigation soon if you wish to search for occurrences of a lemma or part of speech code you use the same search field as for normal words or strings but you prefix them with lemma or pos for example lemma nostos or lemma sum new by using form you can ignore the more complex instructions for part of speech codes that follow simply write out what you think will sufficiently describe the form you are looking for in any order but use hyphens between terms for instance form optative act singular for an active optative in the singular where form sg opt act would do the same thing the part of speech codes are less simple to summarize the info help section has a quick introduction it is important to know that while a full analysis constitutes ten slots many of these will be empty and even more will not be of interest to you at a given time all of these you can leave unspecified with but your formulation must be specific enough that an a does define accusative and not aorist for this it is helpful to know the ordering of the different slots they are 1 major part of speech verb noun adjective pronoun particle g adverb numeral preposition conjunction interjection 2 minor part of speech a article or determinative latin is idem ipse personal demonstrative x indefinite interrogative relative possessive k reflexive reciprocal proper 3 person 1 2 3 4 number singular plural dual 5 tense present imperfect aorist perfect pluperfect future future perfect 6 mood indicative subjunctive optative imperative infinitive participle gerundive gerund supine 7 voice active middle passive middle passive 8 gender masculine feminine neuter common 9 case nominative genitive dative accusative ablative vocative 10 degree comparative superlative regular expressions will work to a certain extent for instance one could merely specify pos a to capture accusatives all slots from 1 through 8 are here left unspecified we know this because the search field always requires a complete word and we have ended our word with and not with a wild card this initial formulation however would miss accusatives that are also comparatives or superlatives in order to include them try pos a cs instead xyz means pick any one of the items xyz between the brackets conversely if one is looking for personal pronouns it may make sense to use pos pp with no further specification about slots 3 8 part of speech and lemma searches can be combined by means of a semi colon or used separately with a space if one is specifying different words the search lemma dokew pos v 3s pos d searches for forms of δοκέω in the 3rd singular semicolon and separately something in the dative this is probably as good a moment as any to point out that our parser and our search engine do not know greek or even latin syntax you will have to decide for yourself in searches of this sort whether the datives you find are in fact datives that are governed by the verb is all of this rather overwhelming we do realize that the formulas look rather forbidding if we can find the time and the funding we will work on more natural language querying could i please have some perfect active optatives to take the place of pos v roa so what we think that this corpus holds great promise both for research and for teaching philologists need to do corpus study beyond the single word more particularly classical linguists should work on making more evidence based and quantitative claims than are found in much of the current literature teachers who wish to select what vocabulary or constructions to emphasize should have a notion of frequency of use and rather than making up examples they could run a quick search for actual examples of constructions to give a simple example three definite articles in sequence i...