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nguishable from self consumption the new portraiture seems at its core narcissistic the portraits are advertisements for a commoditized self granny weatherwax and sin young man is when you treat people as things including yourself that s what sin is people as things that s where it starts more precisely that s where some extraordinarily unequal and dishonest social relationships can start labels cheery thoughts trends web 2 0 posted by phil at 10 30 am 2 comments monday november 13 2006 got a web between his toes now that nick has read the last rites for web 2 0 perhaps it s safe to return to a question that s never quite been resolved to wit what is web 2 0 we ve established that it s not a snail over at what i wrote i ve just put up a march 2003 article called in godzilla s footprint in it i asked similar questions about e business taking issue with the standard rhetoric of efficiency and empowerment i suggested that e business wasn t or rather isn t a phenomenon in its own right but the product of three much larger trends standardisation automation and externalisation of costs read the whole thing assuming for the moment that i called this one correctly and i find my arguments pretty persuasive what of web 2 0 more of the same only featuring the automation of income generation adsense and the externalisation of payroll costs citizen journalism or is there more going on and if so what update 16 11 it would be remiss of me not to give any pointers to my own thinking on web 2 0 so i m republishing another column at what i wrote this time from february of this year most of you will probably have seen it the first time round when it appeared in iseries news uk but i think it s worth giving it another airing have a gander labels drollery e business flummery predictions trends web 2 0 posted by phil at 2 34 pm 0 comments monday november 06 2006 simplify reduce oversimplify an interesting post on folksonomies at collin brooke s blog prompted this comment which i thought deserved a post of its own i think peter merholz s coinage ethnoclassification could be useful here as i ve argued elsewhere i think we can see all taxonomies and ultimately all knowledge as the product of an extended conversation within a given community in this respect a taxonomy is simply an accredited folksonomy however i think there s a dangerous but interesting slippage here between what folksonomies could be and what folksonomies are between the promise of the project of folksonomy f1 and what s delivered by any identifiable folksonomy f2 you can get into very similar arguments about wikipedia 1 and wikipedia 2 sometimes with the same people compared to the complexity and exhaustiveness of any functioning taxonomic scheme i don t believe that any actually existing folksonomy is any more than an extremely sketchy work in progress for this reason among others i believe we need different words for the activity and the endpoint so we could contrast classification with peterme s ethnoclassification on one hand and note that the only real difference between the two is that the former takes place within structured and credentialled communities on the other hand we could contrast actual taxonomies with folksonomies the latter could have very much the same relationship with officially credentialled taxonomies as classification does with ethnoclassification but they aren t there yet the shift from folksonomy to ethnoclassification has two interesting side effects which i suspect are both fairly unwelcome to folksonomy boosters a group in which i don t include thomas vander wal ironically enough on one hand divorcing process and product reminds us that improvements to one don t necessarily translate as improvements in the other the activity that goes into producing a folksonomy as distinct from a taxonomy may give more participants a better experience more egalitarian more widely distributed more chatty more fun but you wouldn t necessarily expect the end product to show improvements as a result you d expect it to be a bit scrappy by and large on the other hand divorcing process from technology reminds us that ethnoclassification didn t start with del icio us the aggregation of informal knowledge clouds is something we ve been doing for a long time perhaps as long as we ve been human posted by phil at 11 24 am 0 comments tuesday october 31 2006 a taxonomy of terror i attended part of a very interesting conference on terrorism last week the organisers intend to launch a network and a journal devoted to critical terrorism studies a project which i strongly support as the previous blog entry suggests i ve studied a bit of terrorism in my time and i m very much in favour of people being encouraged to approach the phenomenon critically which is to say without necessarily endorsing the definitions and interpretive frameworks offered by official sources however it seems to me that the nature of the object of study still needs to be defined and defined at once more precisely and more loosely in other words i don t believe there s much common ground between someone who thinks of terrorism in terms of gathering intelligence on the ira and someone who maintains that george w bush is a bigger terrorist than osama bin laden i don t think it s particularly productive to try to find common ground between those two images of terrorism or to simply allow them to coexist without defining the differences between them on the other hand i don t see much mileage in a purist terrorism studies which would focus solely on groups akin to the ira or in an alternative purism which would concentrate on terror attacks by western governments a third approach offers to resolve the gap between these two although i should say straight away that i don t believe it does so this approach is that of terrorism as an object of discourse what is under analysis is not so much an identifiable set of actions or types of action as the texts and utterances which purport to analyse and describe terrorism the effect is to turn the analytical gaze back on the governmental discourse of terrorism which in turn makes it possible to contrast the official image of the terrorist threat with data from other sources an interesting example of this approach in practice is richard jackson s paper religion politics and terrorism a critical analysis of narratives of islamic terrorism doc file available from here i think this is a powerful and constructive approach my own thesis as yet unpublished includes some quite similar work on italian left wing armed groups of the 1970s whose presentation in both the mainstream and the communist press was heavily shaped by differing ideological assumptions but i think it should be recognised that it s an approach of a different order from the other two to combine them would be to mix ontological and epistemological arguments to say in other words that s what is officially labelled terrorism but this is real terrorism or that s what they call terrorism but this is what we know to be the reality of terrorism the problem with this is that it implies a commitment to a particular idea of real terrorism without actually suggesting a candidate at best this formulation frees the analyst to retain his or her prior commitments bolstered with added ontological certitude at worst it suggests that real terrorism is the inverse of officially labelled terrorism or at least that there is no possible overlap between officially labelled terrorism and real terrorism this is surely inadequate a critical approach should be able to do more with the official version than simply reverse it i believe that the study of terrorism must include all of these elements and recognise that they may overlap but don t coincide in other words it must include the following organised political violence by non state actors terrorism as a political intervention call it t1 indiscriminate large scale attacks on civilians terror as a tactic in warfare or otherwise t2 the constructed antagonist of the war on terror terrorism as object of discourse t3 we can think of it as a three circle venn diagram with areas of intersection between each pair of circles and a triple intersection in the middle what is immediately apparent about this list is how little of the field of terrorism falls into all three categories the white triple intersect mass killing of civilians by a non state political actor officially labelled and denounced as terrorism is represented by a relatively small number of horrific events chief among them september 11th by contrast much of what students of terrorism myself included would like to be able to look at under that name falls into only two categories or even one the red intersect of t1 and t3 most obviously is represented by those acts by armed groups which are officially denounced but don t involve mass killing of civilians the execution of aldo moro and the ira s brighton bomb for example the use of terror tactics by non governmental death squads such as the nicaraguan contras and the salvadorean orden militia falls into the blue intersect of t1 and t2 the use of state terror by official enemies and rogue states such as the syrian hama massacre or saddam hussein s gassing of the people of halabja falls into the green intersect of t2 and t3 and this is without considering all those activities which fall into only one category t1 magenta alone activities by armed groups which fall below the radar of the discourse of terrorism a large and interesting category t2 cyan alone terror tactics used by states and not denounced as terrorism and t3 yellow alone officially denounced terrorism which involves neither an organised armed group nor a mass attack on civilians i don t myself see any problem with studying all three of these categories or rather all seven i hope the remit of the new critical terrorism studies is broad enough to encompass all of these without imposing an artificial unity on them paramilitary fundraising in northern ireland cannot be studied in the same way as the attack on fallujah or press reporting of the ricin plot each of these deserves to be studied however and the different approaches appropriate to studying them can only strengthen the field posted by phil at 10 42 am 0 comments monday september 18 2006 the people with the answers nick larry sanger the controversial online encyclopedia s cofounder and leading apostate announced yesterday at a conference in berlin that he is spearheading the launch of a competitor to wikipedia called the citizendium sanger describes it as an experimental new wiki project that combines public participation with gentle expert guidance the citizendium will begin as a fork of wikipedia taking all of wikipedia s current articles and then editing them under a new model that differs substantially from the model used by what sanger calls the arguably dysfunctional wikipedia community first says sanger in explaining the primary differences the project will invite experts to serve as editors who will be able to make content decisions in their areas of specialization but otherwise working shoulder to shoulder with ordinary authors second the project will require that contributors be logged in under their own real names and work according to a community charter third the project will halt and actually reverse some of the feature creep that has developed in wikipedia i ve been thinking about wikipedia and about what makes a bad wikipedia article so bad for some time this march 2005 post took off from some earlier remarks by larry sanger i m not attempting to pass judgment on wikipedia as a whole there are plenty of good wikipedia articles out there and some of them are very good indeed but some of them are bad picking on an old favourite of mine here s the first paragraph of the wikipedia article on the red brigades with my comments the red brigades brigate rosse in italian often abbreviated as br are the word is were the br dissolved in 1981 its last successor group gave up the ghost in 1988 there s a small and highly violent group out there somewhere which calls itself nuove brigate rosse the new red brigades but its continuity with the original br is zero this is a significant disagreement to put it mildly a militant leftist group located in italy formed in 1970 the marxist red brigades marxist is a bizarre choice of epithet most of the italian radical left was marxist and almost all of it declined to follow the br s lead come to that the italian communist party one of the br s staunchest enemies was marxist terry eagleton s a marxist jeremy hardy s a marxist i m a marxist myself pretty much the br had a highly unusual set of political beliefs somewhere between maoism old school stalinism and pro tupamaro insurrectionism maoist would do for a one word summary marxist is both over broad and misleading sought to create a revolutionary state through armed struggle well yes and no i mean i don t think it s possible to make any sense of the br without acknowledging that while they did have a famous slogan about portare l attacco al cuore dello stato attacking at the heart of the state their anti state actions were only a fairly small element of what they did to begin with they were a factory based group who took action against foremen and personnel managers in their later years which were also their peak years the br like other armed groups got drawn into what was effectively a vendetta with the police prioritising revenge attacks over any kind of revolutionary programme you could say that the br were a revolutionary organisation consequently had a revolutionary programme throughout even if their actions didn t always match it but how useful would this be and to separate italy from the western alliance whoa i don t think the br were particularly in favour of italy s nato membership but the idea that this was one of their key goals is absurd if the br had been a catspaw for the kgb intent on fomenting subversion so as to destabilise italy then this probably would have been high on their list but they weren t and it wasn t in 1978 they kidnapped and killed former prime minister aldo moro under obscure circumstances remarkably well documented circumstances i d have said after 1984 s scission this is just wrong following growing and unresolvable factionalism the br formally dissolved in october 1981 red brigades managed with difficulty to survive the official end of the cold war in 1989 this is both confused and wrong given that there was a split how would the br have survived beyond 1981 or 1984 let alone 1989 as for the br s successor groups the last one to pack it in was last heard from in 1988 even though it is now a fragile group with no original members or rather even though the name is now used by a small group about which very little is know but which is not believed to have any connection to the original group whose members are after all knocking on a 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