Meta tags:
description=mind maps, infographics, and expositions;

Headings (most frequently used words):

posts, maps, top, pages, philosophy, archives, categories, subscribe, to, blog, via, email, recent, tags, jung, freud, husserl, heidegger, sartre, kierkegaard, pragmatism, bergson, marxism, utilitarianism, navigation, mind, infographics, and, expositions,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (627), and (190), that (114), are (91), for (74), from (62), with (60), which (54), ego (48), one (47), such (44), into (44), being (40), this (38), can (34), not (31), where (31), between (31), their (30), self (28), other (27), have (26), unconscious (25), world (25), may (24), but (24), through (24), its (23), who (22), consciousness (22), thus (21), experience (20), than (19), value (19), objects (19), things (19), life (19), all (18), his (18), labor (17), according (17), itself (17), human (17), social (16), would (16), both (16), time (16), will (16), archetypes (16), production (15), towards (15), relations (15), theory (15), function (15), dasein (15), sense (14), example (14), different (14), 2015 (14), rather (13), these (13), 2014 (13), new (13), use (13), they (13), side (13), faith (13), conscious (13), libido (13), freedom (12), more (12), what (12), freud (12), complexes (12), jung (12), functions (12), philosophy (11), another (11), common (11), thought (11), without (11), heidegger (11), via (11), intuition (11), impulse (11), mental (11), cognitive (10), nonnaci (10), workers (10), person (10), relation (10), father (10), existence (10), object (10), contents (10), complex (10), comment (9), utility (9), acts (9), principle (9), pleasure (9), beings (9), terms (9), society (9), leave (9), within (9), class (9), nature (9), instinct (9), thinking (9), images (9), facts (9), own (9), system (9), experiences (9), child (9), maps (8), many (8), how (8), opposite (8), capitalist (8), means (8), others (8), able (8), bergson (8), differentiation (8), novelty (8), our (8), subject (8), scientific (8), way (8), entities (8), been (8), kierkegaard (8), despair (8), possibility (8), called (8), light (8), reflective (8), culture (8), hand (8), during (8), intentional (8), mind (8), mother (8), dark (8), content (7), free (7), happiness (7), negation (7), moral (7), must (7), material (7), alienation (7), two (7), over (7), later (7), history (7), worth (7), november (7), capitalism (7), mode (7), has (7), first (7), product (7), demands (7), produce (7), modes (7), power (7), well (7), intelligence (7), representation (7), space (7), image (7), theories (7), about (7), set (7), make (7), evidence (7), god (7), modern (7), science (7), having (7), potential (7), sartre (7), attitudes (7), pre (7), directed (7), husserl (7), psychology (7), energy (7), view (6), posts (6), pursuit (6), greater (6), number (6), physical (6), latter (6), practical (6), worker (6), wage (6), drive (6), back (6), forms (6), form (6), given (6), produced (6), money (6), market (6), analysis (6), conditions (6), synthesis (6), give (6), process (6), duration (6), four (6), only (6), along (6), feeling (6), non (6), viewed (6), belief (6), when (6), march (6), any (6), aesthetic (6), known (6), roles (6), death (6), phenomenology (6), qualities (6), superego (6), sexual (6), values (6), collective (6), outer (6), irrational (6), wordpress (5), com (5), required (5), email (5), subscribe (5), blog (5), utilitarianism (5), liberty (5), your (5), individual (5), mill (5), truth (5), necessary (5), good (5), higher (5), sought (5), socialism (5), marx (5), economic (5), most (5), conversely (5), products (5), third (5), external (5), final (5), commodity (5), something (5), short (5), also (5), made (5), begins (5), hegel (5), work (5), could (5), themselves (5), knowledge (5), differentiated (5), understanding (5), order (5), parts (5), categories (5), movement (5), moment (5), memory (5), idealism (5), follows (5), present (5), action (5), multiplicity (5), feelings (5), separate (5), pragmatism (5), however (5), appear (5), behavior (5), ontology (5), meaning (5), method (5), away (5), stages (5), stage (5), activity (5), existentialism (5), subjectivity (5), individuation (5), phenomenon (5), intelligible (5), making (5), onto (5), equipment (5), ways (5), structure (5), dream (5), energetic (5), flow (5), mechanisms (5), expression (5), shadow (5), account (4), now (4), create (4), off (4), makes (4), personal (4), realized (4), members (4), much (4), pleasures (4), profit (4), major (4), former (4), individuals (4), case (4), absolute (4), laws (4), ethics (4), government (4), marxism (4), while (4), socially (4), responsible (4), revolution (4), middle (4), times (4), several (4), she (4), psychological (4), land (4), enough (4), perceived (4), consequence (4), consequences (4), development (4), requires (4), exchange (4), lord (4), realization (4), were (4), allows (4), man (4), oneself (4), representations (4), loss (4), ultimately (4), creative (4), then (4), thing (4), past (4), pure (4), single (4), spatial (4), language (4), structures (4), spirit (4), dewey (4), phenomena (4), sphere (4), become (4), religion (4), beliefs (4), prior (4), choice (4), religious (4), empiricism (4), condition (4), else (4), duals (4), becoming (4), lives (4), hidden (4), lack (4), absolutes (4), ethical (4), boredom (4), anticipation (4), achieving (4), choices (4), each (4), sin (4), anxiety (4), active (4), christianity (4), reason (4), agency (4), priori (4), facticity (4), bad (4), possibilities (4), nothingness (4), unity (4), transcendent (4), december (4), works (4), intelligibility (4), possible (4), attitude (4), projection (4), context (4), super (4), horizon (4), indexical (4), psychoanalysis (4), developed (4), defense (4), tripartite (4), fixated (4), sex (4), processes (4), impulses (4), normative (4), established (4), introversion (4), extraversion (4), archetypal (4), typology (4), anima (4), animus (4), represses (4), rational (4), primordial (4), saint (4), like (3), comments (3), whilst (3), harm (3), state (3), three (3), union (3), truths (3), expressions (3), effects (3), individuality (3), experienced (3), encouraged (3), whole (3), awareness (3), participation (3), school (3), bentham (3), greatest (3), body (3), claim (3), them (3), never (3), tends (3), economics (3), suffering (3), dichotomies (3), concepts (3), cause (3), political (3), economy (3), next (3), thesis (3), living (3), years (3), recent (3), occurs (3), sake (3), serfs (3), ages (3), reduced (3), commodities (3), seeks (3), day (3), sold (3), those (3), engaged (3), autonomous (3), reaching (3), standing (3), enframing (3), was (3), contains (3), provides (3), ideas (3), under (3), after (3), phase (3), end (3), rise (3), historical (3), heterogeneous (3), change (3), read (3), actually (3), lesser (3), whose (3), vital (3), complexity (3), causes (3), evolution (3), interpenetration (3), consists (3), regularized (3), move (3), sensing (3), ground (3), plane (3), memories (3), units (3), events (3), temporal (3), typical (3), difference (3), senses (3), represented (3), characterized (3), john (3), notion (3), true (3), adjustment (3), situation (3), determined (3), influence (3), creates (3), future (3), constitute (3), reflection (3), intentionality (3), william (3), james (3), sensible (3), unable (3), before (3), justification (3), level (3), eternal (3), himself (3), identification (3), necessity (3), acting (3), act (3), gratification (3), great (3), identity (3), either (3), duality (3), leap (3), although (3), essences (3), repression (3), determining (3), fact (3), behaviors (3), include (3), always (3), ness (3), namely (3), some (3), poetic (3), relevant (3), technology (3), poiesis (3), thrownness (3), historically (3), conditioned (3), find (3), readiness (3), remain (3), involvements (3), does (3), january (3), inter (3), lifeworld (3), shape (3), assumptions (3), february (3), methods (3), association (3), repressed (3), latent (3), transformed (3), cannot (3), psycho (3), breast (3), oedipus (3), states (3), primitive (3), psyche (3), cathexis (3), dreams (3), psychic (3), less (3), orientation (3), sensation (3), senex (3), trickster (3), perspective (3), attention (3), exclude (3), integration (3), centers (3), design (2), site (2), website (2), log (2), sign (2), subscribed (2), join (2), subscribers (2), trade (2), increases (2), incarceration (2), limits (2), actions (2), evaluated (2), public (2), positive (2), speech (2), taste (2), industrialization (2), produces (2), costs (2), story (2), goods (2), growing (2), becomes (2), proponents (2), differ (2), measured (2), determination (2), right (2), obviously (2), grounds (2), intrinsic (2), valuation (2), inequality (2), amongst (2), sensitive (2), spheres (2), consequentialist (2), attempts (2), objectivize (2), virtue (2), pain (2), principles (2), epicureans (2), contradictions (2), immiseration (2), exploitation (2), capital (2), technologies (2), creation (2), average (2), last (2), regardless (2), ownership (2), communism (2), inherent (2), control (2), prices (2), little (2), receive (2), share (2), divisioning (2), him (2), differs (2), dimension (2), intentions (2), productions (2), owned (2), employ (2), subsist (2), anything (2), beyond (2), fetishism (2), price (2), independent (2), far (2), resources (2), reserve (2), service (2), wood (2), various (2), types (2), entity (2), here (2), disassociation (2), dialectic (2), primacy (2), engage (2), relationships (2), slave (2), created (2), struggle (2), held (2), commons (2), grew (2), became (2), had (2), culminated (2), fall (2), too (2), large (2), rome (2), remains (2), emerged (2), once (2), freemen (2), independently (2), interpenetrating (2), moments (2), tendencies (2), swim (2), divergence (2), differentiates (2), animals (2), humans (2), primates (2), abstract (2), source (2), tendency (2), unlike (2), mechanism (2), specific (2), entering (2), needs (2), differences (2), current (2), equates (2), realism (2), lacks (2), cone (2), apex (2), singular (2), contracts (2), kant (2), adopted (2), evade (2), comparison (2), there (2), neither (2), nor (2), initially (2), conceptual (2), color (2), inquiry (2), instrumentalism (2), mutual (2), logic (2), unified (2), cycles (2), yet (2), enter (2), naturalistic (2), believe (2), degree (2), arise (2), holding (2), unless (2), constituted (2), encounter (2), challenges (2), radical (2), age (2), cash (2), against (2), help (2), understands (2), relate (2), run (2), refuse (2), weaknesses (2), ignorance (2), fully (2), poles (2), commitment (2), church (2), revelation (2), require (2), teleological (2), consider (2), disclosure (2), divine (2), repetition (2), root (2), existential (2), responsibility (2), selfhood (2), every (2), entails (2), angst (2), dread (2), fear (2), negative (2), hegelian (2), identifying (2), failure (2), tension (2), general (2), essence (2), follow (2), biology (2), hierarchy (2), direction (2), transcendence (2), aware (2), adopt (2), solution (2), upon (2), existing (2), examples (2), negates (2), imagined (2), desire (2), project (2), gives (2), people (2), longer (2), using (2), stable (2), point (2), borne (2), out (2), shifts (2), temporality (2), dwelling (2), favor (2), unfolding (2), relationship (2), habitation (2), technological (2), clearing (2), issue (2), revealing (2), adopting (2), care (2), dynamics (2), fallen (2), open (2), network (2), skilled (2), encounters (2), search (2), authentic (2), discloses (2), ordinary (2), refers (2), phenomenologically (2), totality (2), ends (2), distance (2), western (2), engaging (2), exist (2), ontological (2), plato (2), subjects (2), similar (2), evident (2), part (2), objective (2), sciences (2), propositional (2), singularity (2), worlds (2), moving (2), bracketing (2), epoche (2), features (2), rectangles (2), same (2), meanings (2), fulfilled (2), representing (2), moods (2), describe (2), metaphysical (2), data (2), particular (2), august (2), reconstituted (2), recall (2), release (2), themes (2), exhibit (2), patients (2), dreaming (2), manifest (2), semi (2), acceptable (2), unpleasant (2), emotions (2), unacceptable (2), position (2), formation (2), infantile (2), accept (2), reality (2), tensions (2), neurosis (2), fixation (2), degrees (2), adulthood (2), primary (2), early (2), libidinal (2), frustration (2), feeding (2), separation (2), blocked (2), authority (2), parents (2), further (2), parent (2), gender (2), puberty (2), enters (2), derived (2), arrangement (2), categorized (2), eros (2), thanatos (2), destructive (2), instincts (2), ideals (2), withdrawn (2), furthering (2), schopenhauer (2), contributions (2), sociology (2), role (2), mystique (2), related (2), synchronicity (2), elements (2), differentiating (2), emotionally (2), charged (2), dynamical (2), dominant (2), model (2), imagination (2), realizations (2), course (2), liken (2), chrone (2), young (2), fool (2), growth (2), conventions (2), nurturing (2), need (2), devolve (2), aspects (2), persona (2), disowned (2), around (2), archetype (2), factors (2), west (2), cultures (2), top (2), pages (2), socratics (2), judaism (2), greek (2), address (2), infographics (2), expositions (2), get, started, name, write, loading, collapse, bar, manage, subscriptions, reader, report, privacy, already, older, navigation, central, concern, tyranny, majority, decree, law, securities, marginalizing, bounded, circumscribes, coercion, prevent, danger, definition, claims, opinion, half, falsehoods, valued, statuses, continually, appeals, biased, ranking, apprehended, obtain, otherwise, singleton, shift, artisan, crafts, mass, wealth, operatives, sharing, satisfaction, counteracts, industrialized, taxation, instrument, evaluate, manipulate, equate, quantified, wrong, qualified, aggregate, among, sentient, ranked, intellectual, pursuits, justifies, assertion, choose, attacked, biases, variations, temperaments, implies, subsequently, pursue, fur, coat, siberia, egypt, codifying, book, intermingle, politics, approach, adherence, universalizing, deontology, motives, classical, adopts, epicurean, fundamental, aside, masochist, sadist, constitutes, undesirable, english, combined, empiricst, humean, considered, stuart, damaging, effect, stressed, theorized, impoverishment, deteriorate, accumulation, debatable, reforms, minimum, unions, improved, standard, benefits, hardly, changed, forty, proscribes, wrest, redistribute, private, progresses, stateless, classes, authors, expounded, recommend, david, harvey, discussion, conclude, entry, manifested, input, inventions, patented, profits, second, efficiency, repetitive, assembly, line, tasks, alienates, total, craftsman, renaissance, start, finish, loses, ability, objectify, subordinated, stretches, competition, wages, unemployed, threaten, take, jobs, lower, machinery, privately, capitalists, relinquish, maximize, minimize, continue, working, reap, surplus, fixed, obscured, mistaken, laptop, tag, hides, cost, transactions, appearance, ascribes, consumers, markets, territories, globalization, subjugation, creativity, efficiently, extract, challenge, replace, discourse, expressed, serves, ought, regulated, chair, construction, chopping, tree, mediate, quantities, establish, equivalence, synthesized, advancement, command, lent, interest, antecedent, spent, yields, accomplishes, feat, laborers, description, following, inverts, survival, summarized, bondsman, aristocrat, serf, proletariat, dialectics, equality, throughout, antagonisms, prevailing, conflicts, resulted, overthrowing, small, tribal, societies, originally, property, eventually, acquire, slaves, lands, agricultural, tribes, banded, together, formed, villages, cities, ruling, families, aristocrats, expanse, territory, cultivated, ever, increasing, population, exceeded, replenishment, roman, empire, maintained, barbarians, completed, sacking, local, lords, occupied, freeman, fraction, properties, shortage, urbanize, wealthy, commerce, marked, feudalism, gave, hire, motive, materialism, getting, touch, navigating, gain, shred, origins, immersing, water, opposing, opposites, mobility, immobility, plants, tool, embracing, beginning, explain, low, finality, explains, hindsight, reconciles, continuity, sympathy, escapes, relative, buddhist, effort, durations, extremes, heterogeneity, connected, red, blue, unify, dualistic, positions, prolongation, calls, sectioning, whereas, canonical, inverted, intersected, represents, base, intersects, participates, focuses, distant, fragmentation, selected, scene, whence, generalization, distinguishes, counter, argument, partly, causality, philosophers, mathematical, borrows, intuitions, divisibility, acquires, discrete, argues, continuous, indivisible, mechanistic, determinism, teleology, described, qualitative, opposed, quantitative, homogeneous, transforming, akin, gradient, spectrum, colors, interpenetrate, blend, progress, evades, conceptualization, imposes, demarcate, vitalism, perception, elan, applies, judged, accordingly, predict, respected, domains, instruments, prediction, uncover, relegated, approximations, appears, probabilistic, statistical, certainties, instead, false, organism, environment, satisfactory, promotes, significance, induces, transform, undetermined, complications, used, believes, woke, morning, sleeping, looking, regularities, sleep, empowering, dangerous, element, unchained, leaps, forward, invention, blinded, hubris, presupposes, mater, immediate, flux, furnishes, isn, hume, locke, wholly, imbued, structured, treats, trans, empirical, superfluous, accounts, sufficient, explanations, defends, entail, trust, abounds, very, outcome, confidence, extending, proof, placed, curiously, hypotheses, albeit, verifiable, begs, forth, answer, observer, observation, frozen, separated, directs, uses, thoughts, led, efficacious, veracity, corresponds, believer, concerned, demonic, hardened, defies, identifies, lifts, her, uniqueness, above, everyone, someone, unworthiness, even, identify, identified, lowest, realize, sensuous, agreeable, disagreeable, imagines, happy, dependent, materialist, builder, inside, abstractions, divorced, merely, scaffold, abyss, concrete, describes, unbalanced, finitude, infinitude, levels, communicated, institutions, suspension, contradict, norms, sacrifice, reach, spiritual, subjective, antithesis, defined, rules, marriage, wears, giving, spouse, children, rewarding, hedonist, sensory, combat, evil, despairing, refusal, undifferentiated, undirected, aesthetes, avoid, avoids, commitments, techniques, suspend, delays, rotation, activities, exhausted, serving, meaningless, ignores, posits, compels, lead, dizziness, paralysis, render, immobile, recognition, hood, dualities, finite, infinite, timeless, moves, descriptive, prescriptive, relating, closely, results, important, concerns, powered, paradox, occurred, predominantly, lines, introduced, speaks, defiance, rejection, precedes, priors, places, difficult, rejected, freudian, notions, models, jungian, ignored, advances, genetics, evolutionary, similarities, building, supplied, hedges, bit, objectifying, stance, skin, again, transcend, conditioning, transcended, humor, posited, determinate, inert, rocks, air, bottle, seeing, applied, waiter, lover, functional, personas, excuses, rejecting, task, existentialist, 20th, century, radicalizes, returning, lies, nihilation, fragile, divided, consciousnesses, configuring, spontaneous, transparent, starting, regular, agent, imposed, recognizing, gaze, prereflective, turn, abandoned, transformations, shaped, dwell, earth, sky, mortals, divinities, instrumental, openness, paradigm, cultural, templates, enframed, challenged, revealed, mattering, turns, extracted, stored, exploited, domination, consequent, forgetfulness, covers, matter, realizing, artisanship, attentive, listening, tuning, rhythms, evasive, interpreted, unpacking, thrown, confrontation, projecting, totalities, everydayness, idle, talk, ambiguity, lost, discover, daesin, impossibility, disclose, expectation, passive, owns, affirm, unique, say, phenomenological, examining, hermeneutic, interpretive, embedded, skillful, absorbed, encountering, contrasts, philosophical, contemplation, transitory, disturbed, near, piece, broken, still, adapted, dwells, involved, relational, place, nearby, readily, available, irregardless, encountered, culturally, peer, behind, metaphysics, theoretical, mean, regards, conflated, since, equated, series, idea, substance, monad, distinction, clarify, investigation, transcendental, preoccupation, ready, involvement, fold, fallenness, evasion, authenticity, 2017, undergo, empathic, attributed, egocentric, perceive, puts, shoes, ascribe, inference, background, foundation, built, prescientific, motion, spatiotemporality, appeal, intuitive, acceptance, characterizes, manifold, pertain, courses, event, car, labeled, determinable, judgment, partitioned, arrive, introduces, culls, normally, think, left, invariant, rectangle, bracketed, yield, sided, angles, species, area, eidetically, shapes, lengths, widths, said, consistent, systematize, systems, voice, phantasy, includes, imagery, pictoral, kinesthetic, affects, representational, kantian, conflating, contrast, naturalism, induction, organize, collections, investigates, discern, essential, construct, empathy, eidetic, reduction, therapeutic, applications, practice, thread, recover, repository, forgotten, implicit, conserving, found, presumably, retain, organized, factor, weakened, aims, depotentiate, recovery, reintegration, done, effectively, speak, inhibition, reveal, unsaid, patient, transference, resistance, block, gap, fails, recalled, delving, lessening, interpret, reported, protect, lucid, redirect, productive, sublimation, intellectualization, redirecting, displacement, blocking, reaches, taking, doing, undoing, reaction, goes, coping, stress, regression, misinterpret, coming, outside, distorted, ambivalence, splitting, disconnect, escaping, refusing, acknowledge, denial, avoiding, investing, fantasy, withdrawal, conflicting, harmonized, harmonize, result, experiencing, unconsciously, employs, variety, reroutes, transforms, periods, recurring, patterns, defenses, classified, continuum, mature, phases, psychosexual, year, infant, oral, sucking, reconstitutes, basic, anus, potty, training, defecating, delayed, clashes, rising, phallic, fixates, genitals, anatomical, erotic, attraction, electra, boys, seek, possess, fears, castration, resolved, adjusted, male, girls, learn, repress, hatred, female, wish, baby, genders, internalizing, latency, play, developing, skills, learning, genital, intercourse, mechanized, operated, conservation, explained, deterministic, renders, illusory, instinctual, innate, components, humanity, reproductive, aggressive, operates, satisfies, instantly, unconditionally, mediator, delaying, compromising, internalized, pressure, assigning, parental, influences, upbringing, implication, punishes, guilt, standards, derives, deliberation, driven, satisfy, governed, conserved, magnitudes, excitation, emotional, investment, anti, alternative, neurotic, symptoms, pioneering, wide, range, career, groundwork, across, fields, helmholtz, rooted, nietzsche, blind, motivated, darwinian, systematization, clinical, setting, treating, broad, impact, critical, subjecthood, neural, marketing, let, investigate, sexuality, addendum, extended, conception, unus

Text of the page (random words):
ries are instruments of prediction instrumentalism rather than laws that uncover truths about nature and thus relegated to approximations of truth however such a notion of truth is not absolute and appears at times appear probabilistic via statistical certainties instead true false can be viewed as a mutual adjustment between an organism more on this side and its environment a satisfactory adjustment promotes a belief that has significance in the way that it induces behavior the logic of belief follows inquiry which seeks to transform an undetermined situation into a determined set of relations or a unified whole hegel s influence in the sphere of facts this creates complications where the external consequences in a future are used to constitute facts for example one believes that they woke up this morning by virtue of not sleeping at the current moment rather than by looking at regularities of sleep cycles in the past such is the empowering yet dangerous element in dewey s philosophy where man who has become unchained from the past is able to make greater leaps forward in his own invention whilst being blinded by his own hubris pragmatism bergson november 15 2014 november 16 2014 nonnaci bergson complexity creative evolution differentiation divergence duration elan vital idealism instinct intelligence interpenetration intuition life memory multiplicity perception realism space spirit time vitalism leave a comment bergson s philosophy distinguishes two forms of time which provides a counter argument to kant s free will as partly subject to causality kant along with most philosophers have adopted spatial or mathematical time which borrows from our intuitions on the divisibility of space time acquires discrete units and can be measured bergson argues that pure time or duration is both continuous and indivisible events evade comparison and so there neither can be mechanistic determinism nor teleology duration is initially described as qualitative multiplicity heterogeneous temporal as opposed to quantitative multiplicity homogeneous spatial a typical example follows the experience of interpenetrating feelings one feeling transforming into another which evade non conceptual comparison akin to the difference senses a lesser image is one of color gradient spectrum where different colors are represented but do not interpenetrate thus duration can be characterized by heterogeneous moments that blend or progress from one form to another it evades conceptualization as language imposes structures that demarcate categories and would separate duration intuition for bergson is the experience of entering into oneself sympathy it escapes the divisioning of things into parts and then the re synthesis into categories that only give relative knowledge regularized by our needs by entering into a thing a buddhist principle we are able to move between others through effort by sensing differences other durations this movement allows extremes in heterogeneity to be connected e g red to blue and thus unify dualistic positions the prolongation of past movement with the current moment bergson calls memory and equates with intuition or image image is a middle ground between material in realism and representation in idealism representation is a sectioning of the image for utility s sake whereas material lacks the power to cause representations the canonical example of memory follows the image of the inverted cone intersected with the plane the apex represents the present the base is pure memory or the unconscious and the plane is the representation of the world if the apex intersects with the plane then the image of the body participates in the world thinking focuses the cone on distant memories to produce singular images this is a movement from interpenetration into fragmentation action contracts the singular images so that only one is selected the scene contracts to a single image whence a generalization can be made bergson s third principle of creative evolution reconciles the continuity interpenetration of duration time with the practical utility of representation space the theory consists of four parts vital impulse this is an all embracing impulse at the beginning of life to explain change and the tendency towards consciousness complexity it is unlike mechanism which is specific enough to account drive all novelty from low order parts it is unlike finality which explains complexity in hindsight w r t final causes principle of divergence differentiation life differentiates itself according to opposing instinct and intelligence within instinct are more opposites such as mobility immobility e g animals plants intelligence or the production of representations in humans and lesser primates are differentiated from tool use creation to abstract thought human whose ego is the product of intelligence is at a loss from instinct which is necessary for understanding time and ultimately vital impulse source of change intelligence instinct this is the claim that a shred of instinct remains within man s being both intelligence and instinct are tendencies that have origins in the production of change for example one can both read how to swim intelligence and actually swim by immersing oneself into water instinct intuition or the process of getting in touch with things themselves within themselves navigating heterogeneous interpenetrating moments allows man to gain knowledge of the absolute bergson marxism november 6 2014 nonnaci alienation class struggle commodity commodity fetishism communism exchange value historical materialism immiseration thesis labor theory of value market marx modes of production profit motive relations of production socialism use value leave a comment marxism provides a description of history as a dialectic between class relations in terms of modes of production following hegel marx inverts the primacy of ideas into the primacy of material conditions necessary for survival such conditions are summarized by relations of productions where members of a society must engage in social relationships as a means towards life while hegel s lord bondsman is a dialectic of reaching self consciousness freedom of will marx s aristocrat slave lord serf and capitalist proletariat are dialectics of reaching economic equality freedom of realization or means of production throughout history the antagonisms between the prevailing class those who control the means of production and the under class those who do not have created conflicts that have resulted in the overthrowing of the former by the latter and the synthesis of a new class class struggle for example small tribal societies originally held property in the commons but would eventually acquire slaves to work the lands after the agricultural revolution tribes banded together and formed villages that grew into cities where the ruling families became aristocrats the growing expanse of territory had to be cultivated by an ever increasing slave population that exceeded their replenishment this phase culminated in the fall of the roman empire which grew too large to be maintained barbarians completed the revolution with the sacking of rome from the remains emerged local lords who owned land that were occupied by serfs once freeman serfs subsist off the land but were required to give a fraction of their produce back to the lord as well as to work on the lord s other properties over time and land shortage the freemen were able to urbanize and create a middle class that became independently wealthy from trade commerce this marked the end of feudalism and gave rise to the capitalist class who could hire freemen on a wage to do work the analysis of modes of production in its most recent form capitalism requires a short discourse in commodities a commodity is a good service produced from labor to be sold in a market the value of a product can be expressed in terms of use value or the utility that it serves but also in terms of an exchange value for other products according to marx s labor theory of value the product s market value ought to be regulated in terms of the average socially necessary labor time required to produce it a chair is worth more than the wood that it was made from as it contains both the labor of construction and chopping of wood from tree to mediate the exchange of various types and quantities of products as to establish an equivalence between the labor of two different things a third entity money is synthesized as to objectivize labor here begins the disassociation of use value from exchange value through the advancement of money capital and its power to command social labor for example money lent on interest produces more money without an antecedent product and labor money spent on a commodity to be sold at a higher price yields a profit how capitalism accomplishes this feat is via the exploitation of workers laborers in capitalism the means of productions e g machinery material land are privately owned by the capitalists who employ workers to labor and produce commodities workers relinquish their ownership of their product labor and given a wage money to maximize profit the capitalist seeks to minimize the wage given the worker enough that the worker can subsist on as to continue working the next day and the reap the surplus of labor anything produced beyond the fixed costs to be sold on the market such relations between capitalist worker and capitalist capitalist are obscured by the perceived value of objects on the market which are mistaken for their intrinsic value commodity fetishism a laptop has a price tag but it hides the cost of production and those engaged in its transactions the economic consequence is the appearance of an autonomous market that ascribes prices and thus labor value to commodities that are independent of the consumers use value the far reaching consequences are the pursuit of new markets in different territories globalization the development of new technologies subjugation of creativity to more efficiently extract resources enframing challenge nature to produce something for standing reserve heidegger later and replace labor and the alienation between workers the social alienation through labor is manifested in several forms the first form occurs between workers and the products which he she have no control over the prices of workers are given little input as to the design of their products inventions are patented and receive little or no share of the profits second workers through the divisioning of their labor sake of efficiency are given repetitive assembly line tasks that alienates him the total product this differs from craftsman and serfs from the middle ages and the renaissance who produced their products from start to finish third in the psychological dimension the worker loses his ability to objectify his will intentions his will is subordinated to the external demands of others for stretches of time last the final form of alienation occurs between workers who are reduced to relations of competition for higher wages the unemployed for example can threaten to take your jobs at a lower wage while alienation is a socially damaging effect of capitalism marx stressed that it is the economic contradictions within the capitalist s mode of production that would be responsible for the next revolution his immiseration thesis theorized that the worker s economic impoverishment would deteriorate through the capitalist s exploitation and greater accumulation of capital inequality the thesis is debatable as capitalism through reforms government minimum wage unions and its drive for new technologies have improved the standard of living creation of the middle class that benefits the most for workers conversely the average wage has hardly changed in the last forty years regardless such a revolution proscribes to wrest and redistribute private ownership of the means of production back to the workers socialism which progresses towards a stateless society without economic classes communism many authors have expounded on the many contradictions inherent to capitalism in more recent times i recommend david harvey and so i ll leave this discussion for a later time and conclude this blog entry marxism utilitarianism november 1 2014 nonnaci bentham consequentialist epicureans government happiness harm principle individuality industrialization liberty pleasure political economy socialism speech stuart mill utilitarianism utility leave a comment utilitarianism is a consequentialist approach to ethics that attempts to objectivize worth in terms of utility happiness negation of suffering pleasure rather than adherence to universalizing laws deontology and motives virtue ethics classical utilitarianism adopts the epicurean valuation of pleasure as a fundamental principle sought by all members of a society pain aside from masochist sadist dichotomies constitutes the opposite or undesirable the english combined these concepts with the empiricst humean principles of cause effects where the latter is considered social utility the two major proponents of this school of thought bentham and mill equate pleasure with happiness but differ as to how social utility is measured bentham quantified the greatest happiness for the greatest number as the determination of right wrong mill qualified the determination as the greatest aggregate happiness among sentient beings which ranked happiness according to intellectual moral pursuits higher than that of the physical body mill justifies the assertion with the claim that one would choose the former over the latter if both are experienced this can be be obviously attacked on the grounds of cognitive biases variations of temperaments in later history intrinsic or not the valuation implies an inequality amongst moral goods and subsequently the individuals who pursue them such effects would be case sensitive in the sense that worth is never absolute for example fur coat production in siberia would be worth more than production in egypt thus codifying such a book of laws on social utility tends to intermingle many practical spheres such as economics and politics liberty is a central trade off one makes in the pursuit of personal happiness and the concern with social utility the tyranny of the majority may decree a law that increases their sense of securities whilst marginalizing your freedom for example the negation of liberty can be realized in incarceration the limits of such acts are bounded by the harm principle which circumscribes all coercion by the state on an individual to actions that would prevent harm to its other members one s incarceration is evaluated by your danger to the public as for the positive definition of liberty mill makes three claims freedom of speech taste and union freedom of opinion truth half truths and falsehoods in valued in so much that their expressions are necessary in the production of effects to which their...