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loping a more compelling economic narrative the self criticism expressed by brazil s president luiz inácio lula da silva is also warranted though without discarding the achievements of the past at the same time it is entirely justified for the democratic left to mobilize globally in response to the international coordination of the far right today s democratic backlash is driven in part by oligarchic capture with racism often deployed as both instrument and justification electoral integrity itself is under strain in the united states political scientist larry bartels has shown that in a january 2020 survey a majority of republicans agreed that the traditional american way of life is disappearing so fast that we may have to use force to save it while more than 40 believed that a time will come when patriotic americans have to take the law into their own hands democracy should not be the monopoly of the left and the left has not always upheld it consistently however the most significant threat today comes from a right increasingly aligned with oligarchic interests among republican voters the strongest predictor of anti democratic attitudes is ethnic antagonism particularly concerns about the political influence and access to public resources of immigrants african americans and latinos this highlights the central role of ethnic conflict in contemporary u s politics with parallels emerging in parts of the european right those with economic and political power in conservative circles in both the united states and europe bear a particular responsibility to halt the democratic backsliding meanwhile the left whether in the streets of minneapolis or in political gatherings such as barcelona is already playing its part posted by francesc trillas at 8 54 am no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest saturday april 11 2026 after nations global peace in after nations rana dasgupta offers an original history and critique of the nation state as an institution contrasting it with empires and other political forms the book is rich in insight and erudition and it has been reviewed in outlets such as financial times and foreign policy as well as in branko milanovic s substack each highlighting different dimensions of the work the essay is structured in four main parts each linking a historical empire to a concept central to the organization of political institutions the first part connects the history of france with the concepts of god and theology which have historically served to justify the power of both nations and empires the second associates england with money emphasizing the central role of finance and the unequal distribution of economic resources in the development of governing institutions the third links the united states to law illustrating how the dominance of money has been reinforced by legal frameworks that prioritize property rights finally the fourth part examines the long continuity of the continental chinese empire sustained in part by communism and its enduring influence beyond its borders relating it to environmental constraints and the ways in which human nature relationships shape systems of power the book is particularly compelling in its exposition of the darker side of the anglo american empire as milanovic observes in his review reading dasgupta s and similar books that abound today one cannot but be totally struck by how the contrary narratives of the british rise and the industrial revolution some crowned by the nobel prizes succeed in almost completely erasing the aspects of domestic and foreign terrorism enslavement beatings outright piracy compression into navy services enclosures fabulous enrichment of political elites military suppression of revolts famines and executions under the beautifully sounding title of glorious revolution the glorious revolution dasgupta writes inaugurated the modern state in its raw form an undemocratic commercial machine that unleashed terror at home and abroad p 113 eliding this truth is like describing soviet industrialization and the great terror by studying moscow parades but nobody has received a nobel prize for that well perhaps the stalin prize dasgupta uses this historical analysis to argue that the currently dominant nation state is a relatively recent contingency one that may already have passed its peak in terms of its capacity to address contemporary global challenges today only a minority of nation states can be considered successful and even those that provide reasonable standards of living are increasingly threatened by more dysfunctional or aggressive ones the brief period during which some nation states have prospered is overshadowed by the many instances of ethnic cleansing genocide invasion and war that continue to shape global politics the selective application of the principle of self determination advanced by woodrow wilson at the end of the world war i was arguably inevitable since peoples overlap and cannot be neatly divided into territorially bounded units it is impossible to partition the earth into discrete fragments to which such a right can be cleanly applied today national sovereignty is increasingly challenged by technological multinationals transnational terrorism and more benign and promising arrangements such as international treaties for example those governing antarctica in some cases societies have developed more flexible and constructive arrangements jerusalem as a shared international city northern ireland as a space jointly governed by catholics and protestants or south africa as a society shared among black white and other communities only the most rigid positions insist on strict partition in such contexts from this perspective the idea that the palestinian question can be resolved through the further proliferation of nation states especially in an already fragile middle eastern or west asian in dasgupta s terms context appears misguided the european union stands out as a project on which alternative political forms might be built although it remains imperfect and nation states continue to exercise significant power within its governance structures a world dominated by nation states is failing to deliver global peace advanced democracy or a sustainable and egalitarian economy today only a small fraction of the world s population lives in genuine democracies while others survive through niches such as money laundering or narcotrafficking after the four main sections the book concludes with two shorter chapters one exploring possible alternatives to the nation state and another attempting to define it the discussion of alternatives is understandably somewhat unsatisfying reflecting the difficulty of reconciling what is desirable with what is feasible ultimately it is likely that the evolution of unpredictable historical processes will determine the forms that replace the nation state the final chapter devoted to defining the institution itself is particularly incisive in highlighting its internal contradictions for example the impossibility of defining pure nations or of identifying states that truly monopolize violence as things stand nation states concentrate too much power often enabling harmful outcomes we should move toward something better although doing so entails the risk of something worse posted by francesc trillas at 12 41 am no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest sunday march 29 2026 trumpism and capitalism according to luigi zingales trump is attacking capitalism and capitalists should unite and resist zingales s piece is a notable attempt to save the face of capitalism in his view trumpism is not a consequence of capitalism but rather capitalism is its victim however it is not very convincing to claim that trumpism has emerged in the country that most strongly symbolizes capitalism and that this economic system bears no responsibility for the rise of such a serious political pathology zingales argues that the biggest threat to capitalism has always been the arbitrary abuse of government power he also claims that trump s behavior is not capitalist but socialist and authoritarian yet capitalists american and otherwise have themselves abused government power in arbitrary ways for example in chile or have attempted to manipulate it in the united states through campaign finance lobbying and corruption zingales further states that without respect for the rule of law we cannot have capitalism really what about chile under pinochet spain under franco and similar cases he concedes that without the rule of law we may instead have crony capitalism fair enough but in that case capitalism is crony in many many places a few years ago in his book capitalism alone branko milanovic argued that capitalism had been left without competing economic systems after the fall of communism and china s adoption of a market economy at the same time democracy has been eroding in recent decades with the fastest decline now taking place in the united states according to data reported by martin wolf in the financial times only 7 of the world s population lives in genuine democracies down from 17 just a few years ago it appears that capitalism has advanced while democracy has receded admittedly that 7 also lives under capitalism but likely a more constrained and better regulated version than the one found in autocracies or backsliding countries there is little doubt that the kind of mafia style state trump is promoting is at odds with a certain version of capitalism but this is an idealized version trump represents a frontal attack on both free markets and well regulated markets yet capitalism an economic system in which economic power is concentrated in the hands of capital owners can coexist with markets that are neither free nor properly regulated neoliberalism understood as an extreme version of capitalism coexisted with brutal dictatorships in the twentieth century and has now morphed into a kind of dark enlightenment as described in quinn slobodian s hayek s bastards some of the world s wealthiest capitalists are endorsing trump s global coup it might be comforting to believe that anti capitalists can build a successful democratic alternative but for now we may need the support of forward looking and altruistic capitalists if they exist as in the anthropic model praised by zingales who understand that human progress requires more and better democracy not less so far however it has not been capitalists or other elites who have united against trumpism but rather ordinary people in the streets along with some scientists intellectuals and journalists writing on alternative media platforms like substack posted by francesc trillas at 7 02 am no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest sunday march 1 2026 the future of us lant pritchett london school of economics has an article in the journal of economic perspectives on the need for global mobility between shrinking and growing labor forces in the coming decades given fertility rates across different regions territories with low or very low fertility will need to receive migrants from territories where fertility rates are higher the region of the world with the highest fertility rates at the moment is africa the figures are striking spain will have a labor force gap of 23 6 million people by 2050 this gap is calculated by keeping the ratio between the labor force and the population aged 65 or older at its 2020 level if we were to fill this gap with permanent migrants they would need to be allowed to come with their families this would require an additional 49 6 million migrants beyond current levels by 2050 about 1 1 additional residents for every working migrant most of them coming from africa fertility policies will not fill the gap because the people who would need to be 25 years old in 2050 have already been born or rather they have not been born since we are simply not having enough children there is heterogeneity in fertility rates but the general trend is downward at some point in the future there may not even be territories producing enough migrants but we are not there yet now the economic gains of migration are high for migrants and for societies receiving migrants while we figure out how to organize our societies under conditions of very low fertility everywhere in the absence of strong even coercive pro natalist policies migration appears to be the only solution pritchett argues that filling the gap with permanent migrants is politically impossible because in his words existing citizens would lose control of their future of us he therefore proposes filling the gap not with permanent migrants but with rotational and temporary labor mobility this makes sense although the details matter and it would not be easy to manage i doubt that given the income gap between africa and southern europe and their geographic proximity movement could be controlled at a desired level in any case we need in spain similarly in other relatively rich countries at least approximately 25 million foreign migrants between now and 2050 and unless we are economically self destructive we will probably receive many more perhaps then the challenge is not so much how to stop permanent migration but how to redefine us in the future of us this redefinition will need to take place even if temporary mobility is successful it is true that the rise of the xenophobic far right does not inspire optimism yet the reality of large diverse cities such as london and new york tells a different story both cities are attractive diverse and prosperous and both have democratically elected mayors who come from immigrant families why can we not all be more like new york and london posted by francesc trillas at 8 21 am no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest sunday february 22 2026 forward to the past in the movie back to the future a machine makes it possible to travel through time and change history it was so successful that it spawned two sequels the idea of time travel has fascinated societies for a long time we should have been warned by the handmaid s tale that traveling through time is not necessarily a fantasy in the sense that quite obviously we have the technology to reorganize society in ways that could revive horrible practices from the past with trumpism 2 0 and its allies we are witnessing an attempt to use modern technology to travel to the past in the sense of reorganizing societies to replace our imperfect democracies with something else this something else might if it prevails bring us back to the values and institutions of the pre enlightenment era with modern technologies under the control of a tiny elite of plutocrats the racist colonialism and imperialism in rubio s speech in munich provided a fitting justification for the board of peace an attempt to privatize diploma...