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of the tree in dense forest confidence grade b while klein s expertise lends weight to the report the lack of corroborating sources and the potential for measurement error give this report a b grade e wilson dobbs 1888 report the tree across the watts river dobbs e wilson our big trees are at fernshaw the age october 17 1888 our big trees are at fernshaw to the editor of the age sir i give the above in answer to mr j duncan pierce s query in your issue of to day i remember in the summer of 81 or 82 i am not quite certain which travailing en route for fernshaw with an american gentleman a representative of the michigan lumber man on a tour round the world to see its biggest tree he had measured the giant pines in the yosemite valley california had searched through new zealand and tas mania and having heard of the mammoths growing on the black spur decided to go there i being a young victorian naturally took an interest in the matter and on putting up at boyle s hotel fernshaw rejoiced to find the landlord was an enthusiastic forest ranger next morning under mr boyle s escort we were taken to the best places for big trees and the american was properly astonished at our huge eucalyptus saying they beat all others he had seen as far as my memory serves me we there measured several over 400 feet high taking altitude with instru ment and having i know to cut down immense fern trees to get proper view we also taped or paced one that must when alive and in proud position erect have measured little less than 500 feet it was and may be now is lying across the watts river and formed a natural bridge over the stream some short while after this i cut out of a paper reprint from michigan lumberman an account of these very trees doubtless from the pen of that american which in simple truth gave the palm to our trees for height and i believe also gave examples of the monstrous width of some others i sent cuttings to mr boyle who if alive would be glad to bear me out and certainly could from his own experience give many authenticated instances of the exis tence of such gigantic trees in victoria yours c e wilson dobbs melbourne 12th october key details in 1888 e wilson dobbs an architect from victoria recalled a tree he saw in the summer of 1881 or 1882 which was reported to be nearly 500 feet long the tree now fallen spanned a ravine and formed a natural bridge across the watts river dobbs estimated that when alive the tree may have been almost 500 feet tall he was accompanied by mr boyle the proprietor of boyle s hotel in fernshaw likely mr samuel boyle of fernshaw and a michigan lumberman dobbs also records that they also measured standing eucalyptus trees by instrumentation triangulation that were over 400 feet tall near fernshaw in reading more i wonder if dobbs is not referencing the author of the minneapolis lumberman who in 1882 printed about the giant trees of fernshaw and one which reportedly measured at 430 ft tall 380 ft to first branch forestry a journal of forest and estate management vol vi may 1882 april 1883 pg 216 photo this mountain ash from fernshaw featured on the cover of the illustrated australian news of june 10th 1878 unofficial measurements were 430 feet 131 meters from base to crown 380 feet 116 meters to its first branches with a girth of 80 feet 24 meters tall trees and taller tales by peter mchugh december 10 2023 confidence interval estimated height 500 feet likely confidence range between 450 feet and 500 feet based on dobbs estimation and the tree s condition given that dobbs was relying on his memory of the tree s size and the height likely having been measured with pacing or taped we can expect a 15 error margin confidence grade c dobbs report is fascinating but the lack of corroboration the possible exaggeration by boyle and the reliance on memory and possible pacing result in a c grade for confidence the exact identity of the tree described in dobbs account needs more verification the relationship between ferguson s and dobbs reports ferguson s and dobbs accounts are tantalizingly similar in that both describe a massive tree fallen across the watts river the primary difference is the year ferguson s tree was measured in 1872 while dobbs recalls his tree from 1881 1882 given the tree s position across the ravine and the proximity of the two surveyors reports and that they both describe the same general location around the watts river and fernshaw it s quite possible that these two reports describe the same tree confidence grade for similarity b or 80 while the similarities are strong the 8 9 year gap between the two reports could indicate slight changes in the tree s state but the description is compelling enough to suggest they may indeed be talking about the same tree thomas ward the naturalist records a 451 foot long titan near fernshaw from the notes and journals of australian naturalist thomas ward a stock farmer of queensland by trade whose journals were transcribed by one paul fountain in 1907 pages 86 to 88 rambles of an australian naturalist by thomas ward of queensland paul fountain 1907 pages 86 to 88 mr ward goes into detail describing trees over 440 feet long he measured at his visit to the fernshaw region and he makes rather bold claims that he personally never saw a 500 foot tree but that he would not discount it as he measured a prostrate trunk as it lay on the ground and found it to be four hundred and fifty one feet long eerily similar to dobbs ferguson s klein and the contributor first person accounts 1865 1889 and he continues that these trees were cut down as a nuisance and rapidly exterminated for the fertile soil they grew on he acknowledges that the statements of size are met with skepticism and ridicule but that he has taken authentic measurements and that he had measured with his own hands several that exceeded 440 feet and that the average was 300 to 400 in the fernshaw gum forest and as late as 1890 thousands of such trees reaching up to 400 feet high might have been seen but he had not seen any since that year as they were then felled and destroyed wantonly planks of two hundred feet have been cut from some he says and the average of the giant ones would girth 40 50 ft the largest diameter one he saw was 88 ft girth 5 ft above ground while certainly his observations seem to have a sprinkling of victorian flare of the fantastic all the same i do find his first person account of the downed trees interesting and very specific and no more extreme than that of klein ferguson or dobbs etc breakdown and confidence grading of thomas ward s claims thomas ward s 1907 account in rambles of an australian naturalist provides valuable insight into the historic heights of victoria s eucalyptus regnans below is a breakdown of his key claims ranked by confidence level from a highly reliable to f unreliable or speculative 1 measured a fallen tree at 451 feet with part still standing confidence a highly reliable this is a direct hands on measurement made by ward himself given that part of the trunk was still standing the tree s original height may have been at least 460 feet or more possible errors tree curvature or breakage might have slightly altered the final measurement but the claim is solid 2 personally measured several trees exceeding 440 feet confidence a reliable but lacks independent verification multiple trees were reportedly measured over 440 feet the consistency of his reports suggests credibility while we lack independent verification similar 19th century measurements from others support this range 3 estimated the average height of fernshaw s tallest trees at 300 400 feet confidence b reasonable estimate based on direct observations this aligns well with other historic accounts and modern estimates of eucalyptus regnans in primeval conditions variations in measurement techniques and tree selection could introduce some bias but this is a well supported claim 4 claimed that 400 ft trees were still common in 1890 confidence b likely but timeframe uncertain historical deforestation records suggest that many giant trees were still standing in the late 19th century other sources from the 1880s 1890s describe similar heights so his statement is credible however by the time of publication in 1907 the forests had likely been severely diminished making it unclear how many of these trees still remained 5 reported a tree at 522 feet based on secondhand accounts confidence c dubious lacks direct evidence ward himself states that he never measured a 500 ft tree but trusts those who have no known corroborating measurements of a tree exceeding 500 feet exist possible miscalculations or exaggerated claims from loggers and surveyors 6 some trees had girths up to 88 feet at 5 feet above ground confidence b plausible but needs verification 88 feet in girth 28 feet diameter is very large but within reason for eucalyptus regnans other accounts describe large girths of 60 80 feet measurement location on the trunk above buttresses or at irregular growth points could influence this figure 7 logs were milled into planks up to 200 feet long confidence a very likely cutting planks of this length suggests the presence of very tall straight trees this supports the idea that 400 ft trees were common 8 believes american redwoods and wellingtonias are unfairly given the title of the world s tallest trees confidence c patriotic bias but not entirely wrong in the late 1800s many australians felt their trees were unfairly ignored in favor of the california redwoods while redwoods are the tallest living trees today the destruction of victoria s forests likely erased taller specimens of eucalyptus regnans however modern laser measurements confirm that coast redwoods sequoia sempervirens currently hold the height record fernshaw giants other accounts of 400 foot bridge trees over the watts river in addition to the tremendous tree described by e wilson dobbs and the men he was with who measured it there exist multiple reports of similar fallen trees over the watts river near fernshaw from 381 to 420 feet in length in the same era 1880s as described by travelers and eye witnesses who personally measured some of them a report of a huge trunk which served as a bridge over a small river at fernshaw was said to measure 420 feet long up more than 250 ft of which there had been neither leaf nor branch as of 1888 again reminiscent of dobbs and ferguson s trees one huge trunk which served as a bridge over a small river at fernshaw another hamlet on the way was said to measure four hundred and twenty feet long up more than two hundred and fifty feet of which there had been neither leaf nor branch in gippsland a specimen of these trees still growing has been measured at 471 feet the westminster review vol 129 1888 pg 64 seven weeks in australia by j c mccoan a report that mr jefferson of the jefferson hotel fernshaw sent bark from a 390 foot long tree to the paris exhibition and other details of trees over 300 ft tall in this account by james edge partington random rot a journal of three years wanderings about the world by james edge partington 1883 pg 257 australian handbook 1888 mentions fernshaw and the watts river jefferson and boyle s hotels and trees up to 420 ft tall the australian handbook incorporating new zealand fiji and new guinea shippers importers and professional directory business guide for 1888 pg 285 however in 1895 professor kernot w c kernot gave an address where he mentioned the importance of getting facts correct in science and reports again he kernot read in a book that there was a tree at fernshaw 420 feet long but when he with others measured the tree it was only 319 feet long of course everyone who has read that book which describes the tree with great minuteness will accept it as true fitzroy city press vic 1881 1920 fri 20 sep 1895 page 2 george street free methodist church it would be interesting to know how the good professor measured the tree and if the tree had lost any length through decay in the forest or had simply been exaggerated by others or measured through paced strides by other persons prior resulting in a 100 foot error i would normally trust prof kernot s measurements without question given his high standing in science however he himself had been known to pace tree lengths after they had been felled simpfendorfer big trees in victoria 1982 pg 10 to arrive at length so even his own measurements should be taken with some caution if 140 paces of 2 5 feet per stride avg stride length of a man could yield a length of 350 feet long and 140 paces of 3 feet 1 full yard or long stride could yield a length of 420 feet this could explain the possible error perhaps kernot had used a tape line like ferguson to solve the matter but he doesn t exactly clarify if he did regardless 319 feet while tall would not be particularly noteworthy or stand out in the watts river valley or fernshaw forest based on the surveys by ferguson and ivey of the tall alluvial giants nor the many other anecdotal reports of felled trees by splitters travelers and botanists even if some of them were stepped lengths or off by 5 15 which begs the question if some amount of decay or part of the tree kernot had inspected had not been cut or burned by fire but perhaps we shall never know in about 1884 1885 john ure in the presence of his son and the landlord at fernshaw jefferson s or boyle s hotel measured as he says a 381 foot long tree a random and not particularly large one that fell in the landlord s back garden over a river the year prior they continued several miles up the black spur and saw as he says trees considerably over 400 feet high similar again to dobbs ferguson etc accounts of bridge trees there must have been quite a few of these monster log trees along the watts accompanied by my friend my son and i made an early start by railway to lilydale breakfasted there and proceeded onwards by 4 horse coach to fernshaw where we lunched whilst waiting till the horses were brought out i got into conversation with the landlord asking him if we were far from the big trees he said that we were just about to ascend the black spur a mountain covered with a dense forest extending over many miles and there i would see them i spoke incredulously of the great height they were said to be he felt a little offended and said to me if you come to my back garden you will see one that fell there a year ago and you can measure it yourself it is not by any means one of the largest but i daresay you have never seen one so large i went with him and saw the immense tree it had fallen across the river and i passed over it and walked along the trunk up into the wood beyond its length being 381 feet we started on foot ahead of the coach and had walked several miles up the black spur before it overtook us and so had ample opportunity of examining the giants of the forest never before had i seen such tall trees and probably never will agai...