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ther could a draftsman of lesser talent by the same token newer technology such as film though offering a more sensorial experience has the tendency to reveal too much what traditional literature lacks in showing a precise artistic vision modern film makes up for by bombarding the senses with information thereby disallowing the viewers imaginations from taking hold and leading them through the narrative only the medium of comics could succeed in presenting the truly surreal world of slumberland the benefit of comics which mccay uses succinctly to his advantage lies in the fact that actions occur between the panels in every comic the artist must choose which scenes to present to his audience and which actions to leave out the chosen scenes must be precise enough to continue the proceeding narrative the audience then fills in the information between the panels in much the same way a reader of traditional literature might form images of the story in his or her mind in a more mundane comic the panels flow continually through time and space in a linear manner mccay however has the advantage of setting his characters in a world where the normal laws of space and time do not exist this means that he has the freedom to manipulate the rules to an almost infinite extent in order to continue his story telling his genius lies in the fact that his comics remain acute and readable containing a clearly identified story and progressive narrative while simultaneously bending the normal rules that readers must submit to in everyday waking life through reading these comics the reader becomes a co creator in mccay s surreal world subconsciously choosing for herself the timings and specifics of the strange occurrences between the panels for this reason mccay s comics and others like his might represent the entertainment medium that comes closest to actually emulating a real dream mccay touches on the sorts of experiences that anyone especially children can relate to because the normal rules do not affect his characters they exhibit a sense of youthful exuberance unbounded by any fetters except for that of the author s imagination which he consistently exhibits to be quite extensive nemo and company grow and shrink meet strange and interesting creatures and even travel to mars none of which seems out of the ordinary for the citizens slumberland though many people may not realize it they essentially live two lives separated by their level of awareness and consciousness most people s dream lives remain essentially unexplored but mccay brings the regular ritual of dreaming into full focus the strange adventures of nemo and his friends showcase that other part of the human condition the part most people neglect to talk about the human mind is truly fantastic and in its most creative depths can bring forth stories that no conscious mind could mccay was able to reach into those depths in order to create a delightful experience that can still be enjoyed today and for that we should be grateful the above essay is 2010 rio aubry taylor all rights reserved it is posted with permission ________________________________________ about the author student rio aubry taylor has an older blog website light riot which you can access with this link ps rio s former art living space also made the grade in photographer abby banks s photo book punk house interiors in anarchy which you can purchase here pps you can also visit with rio on facebook if he chooses to friend you further reading resources for more on winsor mccay s influential early 20th century comicstrip creations see survey 1 comic strip essays katie moody on winsor mccay s dream of the rarebit fiend click this link also be sure to read survey i classmate bill bedard s own essay on winsor mccay s little nemo in slumberland click this link though the book is now out of print you can purchase your own copy of little nemo 1904 1915 at amazon com here s the current availability at amazon com and the current availability at abebooks com happy hunting we most highly recommend editor publisher peter maresca s marvelous little nemo in slumberland so many splendid sundays which reproduces the mccay strips in their original sunday page dimensions copies of are still available at amazon com here s the current availability both books are in the schulz library s permanent collection we also most highly recommend the followup volume little nemo in slumberland many more splendid sundays volume 2 copies of are still available at amazon com here s the current availability ccs instructor stephen bissette interviewed peter maresca back in november of 2005 when the first volume of winsor mccay s little nemo in slumberland so many splendid sundays was first published here s the complete interview archived on the original myrant blog site https schulzlibrary wordpress com 2010 11 15 1493 feed 1 1493 srbissette littlenemo1904_1915cvr littlenemovideogame littlenemogameimage littlenemofallsoutofbed p2turkey littlenemokingmorpheus littlenemoflip littlenemofliplost littlenemoimp littlenemonewyear winsormccayphoto littlenemoexplores littlenemowakeup littlenemowakeupfrench littlenemo1904_1915cvr somanysplendid survey 1 comic strip essays bill bedard on little nemo in slumberland https schulzlibrary wordpress com 2010 11 09 survey 1 comic strip essays bill bedard on little nemo in slumberland https schulzlibrary wordpress com 2010 11 09 survey 1 comic strip essays bill bedard on little nemo in slumberland comments tue 09 nov 2010 02 46 18 0000 http schulzlibrary wordpress com p 1470 continue reading note this is the third in a series of essays written by the current class of 2012 for survey of the drawn story i ccs s comics history class they are posted here in approximate chronological order of when their chosen subjects comic strips were either first published or in their heyday these were class assignments and should be enjoyed in that context these are not necessarily indicative of the work the individual artists writers would do in paid professional venues this is work assigned in class with a tight deadline completed while juggling many other class assignments that said it is all of high caliber or we would not be sharing it with you here enjoy all illustrations and captions in this particular post were incorporated into the original essay by its author bill bedard bill also prepared them all for this online posting thanks bill unless otherwise noted any images accompanied by captions or comments in brackets like this were added by the survey i instructor stephen bissette to enhance this public post as were the author info and further reading notes after the essay and author s footnotes ________________________________________________ little nemo in slumberland by bill bedard little nemo in slumberland by winsor mccay is a masterful work published sundays off and on from 1905 27 the strip follows the adventures of a tousle haired boy in his dreams the boy nemo first spends his time in dreams attempting to reach slumberland to be the playmate of the princess daughter of king morpheus of slumberland in later strips having achieved his goal and reached the princess the strip follows the antics of nemo and friends through the madcap and surreal landscapes of slumberland mccay s work was ground breaking at the time and nearly a century later still considered to be a perfect example of what potential for excellence the comics medium holds while little nemo has ignited the imagination of many artists to chronicle their own dreamlands some successful contemporary artists look back on nemo with a critical eye taking umbrage with mccay s lines or the attention lavished upon the surreal landscapes at the expense of the characters these criticisms are to a degree very valid but must be considered not only in the framework of a single sunday page but as an ongoing part of thousands of single stories that work together to tell a narrative in this way a character like nemo who may appear flat may in fact be a multifaceted hero whose character and personality is simply divulged over a course of months and years nemo s bed goes for a walk 1905 the new york herald _____ finding fault with nemo one of the most common criticisms that little nemo receives is that slumberland along with all the other fantastical dream lands that are visited in nemo including the north pole and mars are treated with more deference than the human dream beings are afforded bill waterson of calvin and hobbes fame lamented in an article to be perfectly honest however i admire little nemo more than i actually like it mccay was clearly more interested in his stage than in his actors and a stage no matter how grand can t carry a play the inventive visual effects notwithstanding i can t read the strip without thinking how much more enchanting slumberland would be if the characters rather than the backdrops and costumes advanced the story watterson called the characters cardboard dressup dolls and cited the word balloons done by mccay as evidence that story was a pale second in comparison with the design of the world itself he pointed out that the balloons tend to seem like a squished in afterthought not part of the page design until the eleventh hour watterson also noted that dialogue generally fails to use characters voice as a way to describe them he excluded flip flop the clown from this generality but nemo and the rest had nothing but flat exclamatory dialogue or overuse of exposition in this strip from the ny herald thanksgiving day 1905 nemo doesn t say anything in word balloons that doesn t rehash the captions or end up as a call for his mother or father this doesn t stop the strip from being an ingenius reversal of who normally gobbles whom on turkey day the title panels and page design on the whole are excellently crafted and even the celery stalk forest mirrors the white verticals of the nightshirts in the upper panels in this sequence from 1905 in the ny herald nemo and the imp are lost as giants in a city the dialogue balloons do not actually mirror the action but still may feel as if they were put in as afterthoughts by mccay due to the their organic and smooshed look ______________ measuring up to the environment in some cases watterson and others claims are certainly true and the interaction and dialogue between nemo flip and other denizens of slumberland appears flat in comparison to the charm and personality that slumberland itself can affect during the course of a sunday strip however a close examination of mccay s work as a whole reveals a variety of personality and growth for the main characters nemo s own reticent nature may have been a purposeful choice on the part of mccay richard marschall editor of the best of little nemo in slumberland wrote in his introduction to that book that nemo s name the latin translation of which is no one may actually have been a conscious decision to keep the main character as bland or passive as possible according to marschall nemo is the every man dreamer who corresponds to the reader famed illustrator maurice sendak wrote of nemo that one reason for his quietude and reticence during the journeys through slumberland is that nemo lacks savior faire he is naive and as simple and straightforward as apple pie descriptions of mccay s characters as one dimensional suggest readings of mccay s work as single pages instead of as parts of a larger narrative whole nemo isn t passive to the actions of slumberland and supporting cast flip the main antagonist and later a sort of buddy for nemo may jump off the page at times with his zany jealousy and rivalries but nemo grows into his role as slumberland explorer sendak actually laments one of the ways in which nemo grows into his character where nemo and flip come to blows and nemo wins sendak wrote a sad victory nemo exchanges childhood for manhood never thinking he might have both even in strips sans flip where nemo plays off the princess or a missive from morpheus his own personality comes through in the case of somnus the horse he is given to arrive in slumberland nemo is challenged to a race and lets his pride get the best of him he is thrown off the horse and lands in bed 1904 ny herald a second example is the moment where nemo overwhelmed by his desire for the beautiful queen crystalite takes her in his arms in a big kiss and breaks her into a million pieces 1906 ny herald _______ while these emotive experiences do seem to fit in sendak s assertion that nemo is perhaps exchanging his boyhood for manhood nemo s personality does not seem to be permanently altered by the strips the next sunday he is back to be being an unsure and cautious dreamer in a world which many times turns dangerous at any moment these moments of assertive and usually wrong headed adultness combined with his passivity and fearful approach as a child in a dangerous dreamworld serve to make nemo a complete whole instead of a onedimensional character who serves as a foil for the slumberland and flip just as dreams can have the dreamer childlike and afraid one night and aggressive the next mccay allows nemo the full range of possibilities above and below three examples from the ny herald of nemo being his non character coward self afraid of an ogre and then more expressive five years later in an adventure on mars it s not all agout nemo nemo isnt the only character who blossoms with a more complete reading of the work secondary characters evolve and change with the plot as well as is the case when the brooding and wise morpheus gets painful gout ny herald 2 jan 1910 or later nemo strips when the princess and nemo engage in play dates and get into trouble being secondary characters they still aren t as fully fleshed out as nemo and flip but having them change means they are more than just the brooding king and lonely princess archetypes they seem at first brush gouty morpheus ny herald 2 jan 1910 ________ hidden in plain sight what critics of the strip often forget is that nemo flip and the denizens of slumberland aren t the only characters in mccay s works slumberland itself is as much a character as any of the actors on its stage when the strip was reinvented under a different name because of legal issues with the publisher owning the rights to the name of little nemo in slumberland the strip name didn t even include nemo instead it was penned as in the land of wonderful dreams later when the rights reverted and the strip was rebooted in the 1920s nemo s appellation did return however during the most popular nemo strips those taking place from 1908 1912 a main driving force behind action and narrative isn t just the titular boy it s the world in which he finds himself in slumberland s case many of the events that happen to normal comic book heroes such as growth change conflict and resolution are present sadly most often the resolution for slumberland is that the place falls to pieces or melts as a r...