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ror and probably faster i ll bet it s what you did when i described single model you thought through the conjuncts separately considering first what follows from a then considering what follows from b then stitching the results together rather than thinking truly conjunctively through the whole process here s something that might be even better if you could do it explore the two models simultaneously in parallel one part of you works out the implications of theory a while another part of you works out the implications of theory b if we have design choices in creating an intelligence maybe we should set it up that way arguably much of the human mind does work that way even if attentive conscious processing is narrowly focused and serial parallel nonconscious processes also operate simultaneously behind the scenes compare dennett s characterization of cognitive processes competing for fame in the brain if i m building a mind that i want to be robust against error while working efficiently i might encourage it to divide itself into subminds with different opinions the submind with the likeliest opinion gets the most control over the behavior and final judgments but especially in risky situations the subminds might compromise for example if the theory a submind recommends action x as slightly better than action y while the theory b submind predicts that action x would be catastrophic the system as a whole might choose action y obviously this generalizes to numbers above two subminds for plans values and preferences the same logic applies to plans mind 1 develops plan a while mind 2 develops plan b if plan a fails plan b is ready to go especially important if quick action is needed and plan b takes time to construct perhaps less obviously values and preferences might also be divided mind 1 values hard work and exercise mind 2 values lolling about at home reading fiction you re a morning person you wake with energy and mind 1 is in charge off you go for a jog then to the office blazing through your to dos by late afternoon your energy flags and mind 2 starts taking over you can t just let mind 1 be always in charge you d exhaust yourself and you d become a one dimensional workaholic similarly you can t just let mind 2 be always in charge you d lose focus and vegetate hypothetically a single complex value representation might suffice the value equivalent of the single model above one stable intricate set of conditionalized values producing different behavior in the morning and evening but the system needn t be built that way and phenomenologically that s not how it feels to me it feels like my morning self simply values one set of things while my evening self simply values different things sometimes i wish they would get along better in the morning i resolve to eat healthily all day and i succeed until 9 00 pm then my evening self concocts an excuse to eat three big cookies the next morning looking at the bathroom scale my morning self excoriates my evening self of course this is a simplification the values are complex both morning and evening the point is they re not constant there s not it seems one steady underlying valuation my cares my preferences my priorities fluctuate over time depending on many factors not just time of day but mood situation bodily state what s salient at the moment what memories or habits happen to arise there isn t a stable preference ranking a single momentary snapshot that represents the real undistorted me my morning and evening and other selves are equally authentic and equally me as in the theory a vs theory b case we can shift from diachronic to synchronic from serial to parallel from this then that to this and that simultaneously my work self my family self my friend self with their different preferences and values are all simultaneously ready and updating in the nonconscious background my work self or selves dominate at the office but i could swiftly transition if an old friend were unexpectedly to knock on the door and once in a while these other selves toss off topic thoughts up into my central conscious stream back to ai maybe this isn t how the human mind works i m inclined to think it is but set that aside we certainly could build ai to work that way multiple competing models of the world multiple competing value sets shifting with evidence shifting with circumstance perhaps not even capable of being distilled into a single conjunctive representation or single coherent value ranking multiply the minds generalizing from two to twelve or twelve hundred and the subminds can form coalitions mind 1 might have the plurality of the weight but if minds 2 to 5 all agree on something else they might collectively outweigh it with enough diverse subminds the group dynamics of voting coalition building and delegation might arise let s not assume that an ai superintelligence if the concept even makes sense would be a hyper coherent hyper rational entity that never contradicts itself and always maximizes the same fixed set of values it might be instead a swirl of many contradictory competing processes that compromise among one another and take turns in control what would it feel like to be such an entity if such an entity is capable of having experiences maybe it would feel something like being us but i can also imagine such an entity being more multi centered than we are we with our narrow serial attention in a single stream of consciousness or so we ordinarily assume such an entity might have many eddies of consciousness partly distinct partly overlapping not easily divisible into discrete countable units neither one unified person nor many discrete persons but a swarm of partly discrete entities like a network of half joined plants or fungi that fade one into the next without sharp boundary image source nasa posted by eric schwitzgebel at 10 18 am 4 comments labels ai artificial intelligence wednesday july 15 2026 ai slop and evidence about evidence why philosophy journals should reject ai written prose i don t want to read your ai generated email lots of reasons why but here s the core of it i want the text to reflect your thoughts i want to know that you the human actually had those ideas and had them authentically enough to express them in exactly the form i see on the page for personal emails i want this for personal reasons for philosophically substantive emails i want this for evidential reasons philosophy journals should also want human generated rather than ai generated text for the same evidential reasons there probably are good reasons you phrased it the way you did the evidential reason human experts think differently and better than llms their word choices even subtle ones reflect sensitivities that they might not themselves be aware of typically an expert s prose will be more sensitive to the matters on which they are expert than the output of a language model when i receive a philosophical email from you and more so when i read a journal article i want your expert word choices not blurry llm approximations you might object as follows of course i read the llm outputs before sending and i wouldn t send the email much less submit the article unless i endorsed every word so the objection continues you did think the thoughts expressed the text reflects your expert best judgment maybe even something better than your expert best judgment your expert best judgment combined with the expertise of an llm i reply there s a huge cognitive difference between nodding along while reading something and actually productively generating a text two reasons first once the text is on the page it s easy to passively let the approximate word suffice rather than thinking about word choice in the same effortful active way we do when generating prose de novo second as i suggested above i doubt that human beings even experts have a good sense of all the factors that shape word choice everything they re being sensitive to you would have phrased it slightly differently and even if you don t know that or why a different signal is sent and received evidence about evidence i m talking about evidence about evidence meta epistemology your email or your article presents evidence for a particular philosophical view alternatively evidence that you support a particular philosophical view in a simple world i could evaluate this evidence entirely on its face how good is the proposed view but in the actual complex world it helps to have evidence about the quality of the evidence the fact that you an expert human generated the text is evidence that the view is worth thinking about more so than if the text were generated by an llm this holds even if the text is exactly the same which of course it wouldn t be an increasingly large part of the function of journals is to provide evidence about evidence the value of their imprimatur the fact that an article appears in nous or ethics is evidence that it has been through rigorous review and was judged worthy by several expert humans applying unusually demanding standards of quality and importance its appearance in those journals is thus evidence imperfect of course that the reasoning is of high quality and the arguments worth taking seriously similarly if i know that an email or an article was written by a respected colleague reflecting their positive creative exertion in trying to choose the right words guided by their intuitive expertise in how to phrase things i have better reason to take it seriously than if i know that it was generated by an llm and reflects only their passive after the fact assent philosophers sometimes suggest that we shouldn t care if an argument was human generated or ai generated that insisting on human generated prose is fetishizing personal human interaction rather than facts and argument quality in a way that s true a sound argument is a sound argument similarly we shouldn t care if an article was written by david chalmers and published in philosophical review or whether it was written by someone with no institutional affiliation and published on an obscure blog if the argument is good it s good of course of course but at the same time we have limited attention limited time limited ability to understand the nuances when matters drift even a little from our tightest foci of expertise and in these cases it s helpful to have meta evidence what should i read how far should i trust the author has the details right versus how much should i pause critically and chase down independent sources how much should i let their way of phrasing things their habitual patterns of thinking the presuppositions hidden in their word choices and sentence structures slip gently into my brain silently strengthening my own associations and predilections an example to better capture the phenomenon i have in mind i ve selected a random sentence from my most recent outbound email as of the first draft of this post this lack of self respect is manifested both in her willingness to consider being killed to somewhat improve josie s life and in her incapacity to develop desires and interests of her own independent of josie s as manifested by her being content to rot in a junkyard once her usefulness to josie has ended the topic is klara from klara and the sun the story of a robot servant who is designed to be utterly dedicated to serving the human girl to whom she has been assigned as an artificial friend i discuss the case in detail here i asked chatgpt high to write the sentence better and here is the output this lack of self respect is evident both in her willingness to contemplate her own destruction for the sake of a modest improvement in josie s life and in her failure to develop desires or interests independent of josie s as shown by her contentment to decay in a junkyard once she is no longer useful to her at first glance the revised sentence is slightly better smoother more natural my double use of manifested was awkward and rereading it now i think i should have changed at least that stylistic detail i could even see approving the llm output as expressing my own thinking about klara if someone asked whether it accurately reflects my view however in several subtle ways the edited version is philosophically worse i wrote that klara s lack of self respect is manifested in her willingness to such and such chatgpt replaced manifested with the slightly more common and natural evident close enough seemingly but no they differ subtly in an important way manifested is ontological evident is epistemic manifested emphasizes the relation between the underlying lack of self respect and the particular thoughts klara is having that those thoughts arise from a broad insufficiency of self respect evident emphasizes that the particular thoughts are evidence of that attitude either word might do but manifested is better i m not really talking about what evidence we have that klara lacks self respect but rather what types of thinking constitute lack of self respect the second change consider being killed is replaced by contemplate her own destruction the llm phrasing is again a bit smoother more common more natural and again it s not exactly wrong it s a phrasing i might easily approve but on careful thought my original phrasing is again truer to what i really want to say consider suggests that klara is seriously weighing the choice contemplate is vaguer she might only be thinking idly about it being killed is vivid and suggests that someone else would be the agent of her death her own destruction is not as vivid destruction flattens things a little morally and emotionally and it s not quite as clear that someone else rather than klara herself would be the agent of her death and so i could continue with the other revisions i am focusing on line by line prose not main ideas main ideas are a different issue and require a different analysis one might wrongly think that only the main ideas are important my point here is that subtle differences in line by line prose matter too and that an llm s word choices will differ from an expert s and that there s reason to respect experts intuitive word choices if experts yield their writing to a language model it is probably too easy for them to allow their expert word sensitivities to be blurred away thus people should prefer human expert generated prose in emails and journal articles for at least this meta epistemic reason that a passage was written by an expert human is evidence that the prose accurately tracks important nuances being hand written by a human expert is an imperfect high level indicator of quality those of us who receive emails or read journal articles or even who edit and referee journal articles cannot evaluate every sentence with the same close attention to nuance i demonstrated in my example above we often need to read at two minutes a page not two minutes a sentence we all reasonably rely to some extent on the writer s expertise i...